Gratification
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Gratification is the pleasurable
Gratification, like all emotions, is a motivator of behavior and plays a role in the entire range of
Causes
The emotion of gratification is the result of accomplishing a certain goal or achieving a reward. Gratification is an outcome of specific situations and is induced through the completion of and as a consequence of these situations. Specifically, gratification may be experienced after achieving a long-term goal, such as graduating from college, buying one's first house, or getting one's dream job.[citation needed]
Immediate and delayed gratification
The term immediate gratification is often used to label the satisfactions gained by more impulsive behaviors: choosing now over tomorrow.
Criticism
While one might say that those who lack the skill to delay are immature, an excess of this skill can create problems as well; i.e. an individual becomes inflexible, or unable to take pleasure in life (anhedonia) and seize opportunities for fear of adverse consequences.[8]
There are also circumstances, in an uncertain/negative environment, when seizing gratification is the rational approach,[9] as in wartime.[10]
Emotional gratification
Emotional gratification is a motivating force that results from the gratifying effects of emotions. The emotional reaction of emotional gratification is itself caused by emotions, resulting in a circular model of this complex interaction. Emotions themselves can instigate different varieties of gratification, ranging from hedonic outcomes to more psychologically beneficial outcomes.[11]
Bipolar disorder
Gratification is a major issue in bipolar disorder. One sign of the onset of depression is a spreading loss of the sense of gratification in such immediate things as friendship, jokes, conversation, food and sex.[12] Long-term gratification seems even more meaningless.[13]
By contrast, the manic can find gratification in almost anything, even a leaf falling, or seeing their crush for example.[14] There is also the case of the so-called manic illusion of gratification, which is analogous to an infant's illusion of obtaining food. Here, if the food is not given right away, he fantasizes about it and this eventually give way to stronger emotions such as anger and depression.[15]
See also
- Contentment
- Cost-benefit analysis
- Pleasure
- Social sciences
- Uses and gratifications theory
- Utilitarianism
References
- ISBN 9783642699412.
- ^ R. F. Baumeister/B. J. Bushman, Social Psychology and Human Nature (2010) p. 49
- ^ Baumeister, p. 120
- ISBN 9780123736444.
- ISBN 9780702029882.
- ^ Daniel Goleman, Emotional Intelligence (1996) p. 79-80
- PMID 29799765.
- ^ Eric Berne, Sex in Human Loving (1970) p. 151
- ^ Frank Munger, Labouring Below the Line (2007) p. 274
- ^ James Holland, The Battle of Britain (2010) p. 735-9
- ISSN 1877-0428.
- Aaron T. Beck/Brad A. Alford, Depression (2009) p. 19
- ^ Beck, p. 28
- ^ Beck, p. 96
- ISBN 9780789030429.
Further reading
- O'Donoghue, Ted; Rabin, Matthew (2000). "The economics of immediate gratification" (PDF). Journal of Behavioral Decision Making. 13 (2): 233–250. . - An academic paper treating gratification and self-control problems