Great Hungarian Plain
The Great Hungarian Plain (also known as Alföld or Great Alföld,
Boundaries
Its boundaries are the Carpathians in the north and east, the Transdanubian Mountains and the Dinaric Alps in the southwest, and approximately the Sava river in the south.
Geography
Plain in Hungary
Its territory covers approximately 52,000 km2 (20,000 sq mi) of Hungary, approximately 56% of its total area of 93,030 km2 (35,920 sq mi). The highest point of the plain is Hoportyó (183 m (600 ft)); the lowest point is the Tisza River. The terrain ranges from flat to rolling plains.
The most important Hungarian writers inspired by and associated with the plain are Ferenc Móra and Zsigmond Móricz, as well as the poets Sándor Petőfi and Gyula Juhász.
Hungarian scientists born on the plain include
The most important river of the plain is the Tisza.
The notable cities and towns with medicinal baths are Debrecen, Berekfürdő, Cserkeszőlő, Gyula, Hajdúszoboszló, Orosháza, Szentes and Szolnok.
Among the cultural festivals and programmes characteristic of the region are the Csángófesztivál (
The part of the plain located in Hungary comprises the following areas:
Plain in Serbia
The term is used in Serbia to denote the Hungarian portion of the
The portion of the Pannonian plain in Serbia is mostly divided into 3 large geographical areas:
province.Plain in Croatia
The term is rarely used in Croatia, and is usually associated there with the geography of Hungary.
Parts of Pannonian Croatia can be considered an extension of Alföld, particularly eastern Slavonia and the connected parts of Syrmia.[3]
Plain in Slovakia
The portion of the plain located in Slovakia is known as the Eastern Slovak Lowland.
Plain in Ukraine
The part of the plain located in Ukraine is known as the
Plain in Romania
In Romania, the plain (Rom. câmp or câmpia, from Lat. campus) includes the regions of
History
Prehistoric culture
During the prehistoric era, the Great Hungarian Plain was a place of cultural and technological changes, as well as an important meeting point of cultures of Eastern and Western Europe.[4] It is a region of great archaeological importance to major European cultural transitions.
Agriculture began in the Great Hungarian Plain with the Early Neolithic Körös culture, located in present-day Serbia, 6000-5500 B.C.E.[5] followed 5500 B.C.E. by the Linear Pottery culture (LBK)[6][7][8] which later became the dominant agricultural culture of Europe. The LBK was followed by the Lengyel culture in the Late Neolithic 5000-3400 BC.
During the Early Bronze Age (2000 - 1800 BC), the growing demand for metal ores in Europe resulted in the new pan-European and intercontinental trade networks.[9] During that period cultures of the Great Hungarian Plain incorporated many elements from the other cultures of Bronze Age Near Eastern, Steppe and Central Europe
During the early
In 2014, a major study of DNA from burials in the Great Hungarian Plain was published.[10] The 5,000-year record indicated significant genomic shifts at the beginning of the Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Ages, with periods of stability in between. The earliest Neolithic genome was similar to other European hunter-gatherers and surprisingly there was no evidence of lactase persistence at that period. The most recent samples, from the Iron Age, showed an eastern genomic influence contemporary with introduced Steppe burial rites. There was also a transition towards lighter pigmentation.
Nomadic migrations and conquests
The Hungarian plain became the heartland of the
See also
- Berehove Raion
- Eurasian Steppe
- Little Hungarian Plain
- Pannonian Basin
- Pannonian Steppe
- Steppe Route
- Vienna Basin
References
- ^ Gábor Gercsák (2002). "Hungarian geographical names in English language publications" (PDF). Studia Cartologica. Eötvös Loránd University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 30 April 2011.
- ^ Gábor Gercsák (2005). "Magyar tájnevek angol fordítása" (PDF). Fasciculi Linguistici / Series Lexicographica (in Hungarian). Eötvös Loránd University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 30 April 2011.
- ISSN 1848-9184.
U velikoj mađarskoj nizini Alföld zapadno od Karpata tradicionalno su se smještale euroazijske nomadske skupine, a dio panonske Hrvatske može se smatrati ekstenzijom tog područja, osobito istočna Slavonija i s njome povezani dijelovi Srijema.[5]
- ^ Milisauskas, S. (2011). European Prehistory: a Survey. Springer.
- ^ Whittle, A. (1996). Europe in the Neolithic: the Creation of New Worlds. Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Kalicz, N.; Makkay, J. (1977). Die Linienbandkeramik in der Großen Ungarischen. Akadémiai Kiadó.
- ^ Sherratt, A. (1997). Economy and Society in Prehistoric Europe. Changing Perspectives. Edinburgh University Press.
- doi:10.4312/dp.36.11.
- ^ McIntosh, J. (2009). Handbook to Life in Prehistoric Europe. Oxford University Press.
- PMID 25334030.
- ^ "Y-chromosome haplogroups from Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian period nomadic people of the Carpathian Basin". Nature. 12 November 2019.
- ^ "Hungary – History". Encyclopædia Britannica.
External links
Media related to Great Hungarian Plain at Wikimedia Commons
- Great Hungarian Plain travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Körös Regional Archaeological Project: Neolithic and Copper Age archaeology in the Great Hungarian Plain