Greater siren
Greater siren Temporal range: [1]
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Amphibia |
Order: | Urodela |
Family: | Sirenidae |
Genus: | Siren |
Species: | S. lacertina
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Binomial name | |
Siren lacertina Linnaeus, 1766
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The greater siren (Siren lacertina) is an amphibian and one of the three members of the genus Siren. The largest of the sirens and one of the largest amphibians in North America, the greater siren resides in the coastal plains of the southeastern United States.
Description
The greater siren is the third longest salamander in the Western Hemisphere.
In terms of sensory organs, greater sirens rely on both a modified
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Greater siren skull & hyoid
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Greater siren skeleton
Diet
Ecology and behavior
Greater sirens play a crucial role in aquatic food webs and have been described as midlevel predators.
Breeding
Their
Distribution and habitat
Greater sirens inhabit the coastal plain from Washington, D.C., to Florida and Alabama.[23] A population of sirens in the Rio Grande around Texas and Tamaulipas in Mexico was tentatively determined to be S. lacertina; however, recent studies have refuted this claim. Greater sirens live in wetlands, preferring those with a slow or nonexistent current and a thick layer of organic material. They are capable of inhabiting seasonal and permanent wetlands given their ability to aestivate,[11] and will burrow into mud if their wetland dries up.[23] They are predominately found in the deep benthic zone where aquatic insects are most abundant.[24] Associated habitat for greater sirens includes vegetative ditches, and various other forms of slow, or stagnant bodies of water. Often during the day, they seek refuges from predators and are found under logs and various other structures.[25]
Interaction with humans
Trapping techniques
S. lacertina is difficult to capture because of their preference for areas with thick vegetation. Standard methods such as dip-netting, seining, and dredges are ineffective in such habitats. The use of aquatic funnel traps, commercially produced to capture crayfish, has been found effective for use on Siren and Amphiuma species and there is no risk of drowning the animals. Each trap consists of the trap body, three funnels, and a neck with a lid at the top.[26]
Conservation
Greater sirens are classified as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, although they have been extirpated from some of their former range due to habitat loss. They are protected under Mexican law and are assigned to the "Special Protection" category.[23]
References
- ^ Fossilworks
- . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.106536/Siren_lacertina
- OCLC 1256711146.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-12-386919-7.
- PMID 6815749.
- ^ Greater Siren – North Carolina. Herpsofnc.org (2007-09-22). Retrieved on 2013-01-03.
- ^ Siren intermedia. AmphibiaWeb (2003-12-04). Retrieved on 2013-01-03.
- JSTOR 156347.
- ^ Deyle, Anna C. (2011) Population Genetics of Amphiuma means and Siren lacertina in Central Florida. M.S. Thesis, University of South Florida
- ^ a b c d [1]. "Greater Siren (Siren lacertina) Savannah River Ecology Laboratory. University of Georgia.
- ^ a b c d McKenzie, Kimberley. "Siren lacertina". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ a b c "Siren lacertina". Animal Diversity Web.
- S2CID 86233204.
- JSTOR 1443585.
- ^ Pryor, G. S., German, D. P., & Bjorndal, K. A. (2006). Gastrointestinal Fermentation in Greater Sirens (Siren lacertina). Journal of Herpetology, 40(1), 112–117. https://doi.org/10.1670/163-05A.1
- ^ Luhring, Thomas. "POPULATION ECOLOGY OF GREATER SIREN, SIREN LACERTINA". esploro.libs.uga.edu. Retrieved 2023-04-25.
- JSTOR 1440485.
- JSTOR 1447391.
- JSTOR 3892939.
- ^ Schalk, Christopher M.; Crawford, Brian A.; Luhring, Thomas M. (2009). "A Note on Predation of the Greater Siren (Siren lacertina)". Bulletin of Chicago Herptologica. 44 (4).
- ^ Tomaschke, Phillip (2023). "The Greater Siren: An Overview of Captive Care and Breeding". Responsible Herpetoculture Journal. 1 (7): 9–15.
- ^ a b c IUCN. "Siren lacertina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- .
- ^ Martof, Bernard S. (1973). "Siren lacertina Linnaeus Greater Siren". Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles.
- S2CID 22870356.
External links
- Media related to Siren lacertina at Wikimedia Commons
- Giant Salamanders of Florida