Hellenic Navy

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Hellenic Navy
Ελληνικό Πολεμικό Ναυτικό
Vice Admiral
Dimitrios E. Kataras
Notable
commanders
Admiral
Andreas Miaoulis
Admiral
Konstantinos Kanaris
Admiral
Pavlos Kountouriotis
Vice Admiral
Ioannis Demestichas
Insignia
Identification
symbol
ΠΝ
Naval ensignborderless
Naval jackborderless
Pennantborderless

The Hellenic Navy (HN; Greek: Πολεμικό Ναυτικό, romanizedPolemikó Naftikó, lit.'War Navy', abbreviated ΠΝ) is the naval force of Greece, part of the Hellenic Armed Forces. The modern Greek navy historically hails from the naval forces of various Aegean Islands, which fought in the Greek War of Independence. During the periods of monarchy (1833–1924 and 1936–1973) it was known as the Royal Hellenic Navy (Βασιλικόν Ναυτικόν, Vasilikón Naftikón, abbreviated ΒΝ).

The Hellenic Navy is a Green-water navy. The total displacement of the fleet is approximately 150,000 tons. The HN also operates a number of naval aviation units.[citation needed]

The motto of the Hellenic Navy is "Μέγα τὸ τῆς θαλάσσης κράτος" from Thucydides' account of Pericles' oration on the eve of the Peloponnesian War.[2][3] This has been translated as "The rule of the sea is a great matter".[1] The Hellenic Navy's emblem consists of an anchor in front of a crossed Christian cross and trident, with the cross symbolizing Greek Orthodoxy, and the trident symbolizing Poseidon, the god of the sea in Greek mythology. Pericles' words are written across the top of the emblem.

"The Navy, as it represents a necessary weapon for Greece, should only be created for war and aim to victory."

— Greek Government (1866)

History

The history of the Hellenic Navy begins with the birth of modern Greece, and due to the maritime nature of the country, it has always featured prominently in modern Greece's military history.

The Navy during the Revolution (1821–1830)

Nikiphoros Lytras
.

At the beginning of the

Spetsai and Poros and also the islanders of Psara and Samos. The fleet was of crucial importance to the success of the revolution. Its goal was to prevent as much as possible the Ottoman Navy from resupplying the isolated Ottoman garrisons and land reinforcements from the Ottoman Empire
's Asian provinces.

Although Greek crews were experienced seamen, the light Greek ships, mostly armed merchantmen, were unable to stand up to the large Ottoman

fireships (Greek: πυρπολικά or μπουρλότα), with great success. It was in the use of such ships that courageous seamen like Konstantinos Kanaris won international renown. Under the leadership of capable admirals, most prominently Andreas Miaoulis
from Hydra, the Greek fleet achieved early victories, guaranteeing the survival of the revolution in the mainland.

However, as Greeks became embroiled in civil wars, the Sultan called upon his strongest subject, Muhammad Ali of Egypt, for aid. Plagued by internal strife and financial difficulties in keeping the fleet in constant readiness, the Greeks failed to prevent the capture and destruction of Kasos and Psara in 1824, or the landing of the Egyptian army at Modon. Despite victories at Samos and Gerontas, the Revolution was threatened with collapse until the intervention of the Great Powers in the Battle of Navarino in 1827. There the Egypto-Ottoman fleet was decisively defeated by the combined fleets of the Britain, France and the Russian Empire, effectively securing the independence of Greece.

When

Scholi Evelpidon and afterwards they were transferred to the navy, as there was no such thing as a Naval Academy.[5]

In 1831, Greece descended into

Hydra, in revolt. It was during this revolt that the flagship Hellas, docked at Poros, was set on fire by Admiral Andreas Miaoulis.[6]
Capodistrias was assassinated a few months after.

The Royal Hellenic Navy of King Otto (1830–1860)

The Greek fleet in the Battle of Itea by Yiannis Poulakas

When the new

pirates
.

During the 1850s, the more progressive elements of the navy won out and the fleet was augmented with more ships. In 1855, the first iron propeller-driven ships were ordered from England. These were the steamships Panopi [el], Pliksavra, Afroessa [el], and Sfendoni.[5]

Growth of the Navy under King George (1860–1910)

Navy uniforms in the 1890s
Battleship Psara

On October 29, 1863, following an enthronement ceremony in his native Copenhagen and a tour of several of the European capitals, Prince Wilhelm of Denmark arrived aboard the Greek flagship Hellas, to take up the throne as

King George I of Greece. During the 1866 Cretan
revolt, the Royal Hellenic Navy ships were in no condition to support it. Such failure led to the government awakening to the problem of naval insufficiency and the adoption of a policy stating that: "The navy, as it represents a necessary weapon for Greece, should only be created for war and aim to victory." Because of this, the fleet was supplied with new and bigger ships, reflecting a number of innovations including the use of iron in shipbuilding industry and the invention of the torpedo; with these advances, the effectiveness and the appearance of the Hellenic Navy changed.

Meanwhile, after 1878, because of the

Russo-Turkish War and the need to expand the Greek navy, a new and larger naval base was established in the area of Faneromeni of Salamis and a few years later it was transferred to the area of Arapis where it remains today. At the same time the Naval Academy was founded and Ilias Kanellopoulos was made Director. A French naval mission, headed by Admiral Laurent Joseph Lejeune [fr], introduced a new, advanced naval organization and the methodological training of enlisted personnel through the establishment of a training school in the old building of the naval base in Poros. During the government of Charilaos Trikoupis in 1889, the fleet was further increased with the acquisition of new battleships: Hydra, Spetsai, and Psara from France. Thus, when Greece went to war in the Greco-Turkish War
in 1897, the Hellenic Navy established its dominance in the Aegean Sea. However, it was unable to change the outcome of the war on land, which was a national humiliation.

In 1907, the Hellenic Navy General Staff (Γενικό Επιτελείο Ναυτικού) was founded, with then-Captain Pavlos Kountouriotis as its first head. After the war, in 1897, the Ottoman Empire embarked on a program of naval expansion for its fleet and as a response to that, in 1909, the cruiser Georgios Averof was bought from Italy. In 1910, a British naval mission arrived, headed by Admiral Lionel Grant Tufnell, in order to recommend improvements in the organization and training of the navy. The mission led to the adoption of the British style of management, organization and training, especially in the area of strategy.

Balkan Wars (1912–1913)

Diagram by the French L'Illustration, depicting the opposed Greek and Ottoman fleets in the Battle of Lemnos

Shortly before the

Lemnos
(January 1913), the Aegean Sea was secured for Greece.

The Balkan Wars were followed by a rapid escalation in 1914 between Greece and the Ottoman Empire over the status of the islands of the eastern Aegean. Both governments embarked on a naval armaments race, with Greece purchasing the battleships

First World War
, construction of the dreadnoughts stopped.

World War I and aftermath (1914–1935)

occupation of Constantinople
, 1919

Initially during the war, Greece followed a course of neutrality, with the Prime Minister

Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922
in Asia Minor.

After Greece's defeat, the 1920s and early 1930s were a politically turbulent period, with the economy in a bad state,[4] so the Navy received no new units, apart from the modernization of four destroyers and the acquisition of six French submarines in 1927 and four Italian destroyers in 1929.

World War II (1939–1945)

HS Georgios Averof (nicknamed Uncle George) in camouflage paint, RN Bombay Station, 1942, while serving under UK Royal Navy command
Destroyer Adrias (L67) sailing to Alexandria with her bow missing, 1943

In 1938, Greece ordered four modern Greyhound-class destroyers in British shipyards, making a serious step towards modernization. The outbreak of war in Europe, however, allowed only two to be delivered. Greece entered World War II with a navy consisting of two battleships, one armoured cruiser, one protected cruiser, fourteen destroyers, and six submarines.[7]

During the

Greco-Italian War, the Navy took over convoy escort missions in the Ionian Sea and even embarked on three raids against the Italian supply convoys in the Strait of Otranto, although without success. The most important role was given to the submarines, which although obsolete, sank some Italian cargo ships in the Adriatic, losing one submarine in the process. The Greek submarine force (six boats) was however too small to be able to seriously hinder the supply lines between Italy and Albania (between 28 October 1940 and 30 April 1941, Italian ships made 3,305 voyages across the Otranto straits, carrying 487,089 military personnel, including 22 field divisions, and 584,392 tons of supplies while losing overall only seven merchant ships and one escort ship).[8]

When

.

As the war progressed, the number of Hellenic Royal Navy vessels increased after the concession of several destroyers and submarines by the British

Adrias, which while operating close to the coast of Kalymnos
in October 1943 hit a mine, resulting in the loss of the vessel's prow, while blowing the two-gun forward turret over the bridge. After some minor repairs at Gümüşlük Bay in Turkey Adrias managed to return to Alexandria in a 400-mile (640 km) trip, even though all the forepart of the ship, up to the bridge, was missing.

Post-war era (1945–1980)

The destroyer Kanaris (D212), a few weeks before decommission

After World War II, the Royal Hellenic Navy was significantly strengthened by the concession of British and Italian ships. The organisation also changed in line with modern naval doctrines of that era after the entrance into NATO in 1952. At the beginning of the 1950s, US military aid formed the core of the country's armed forces. The Royal Hellenic Navy received the first Bostwick-class destroyers which took on the name Beasts (Θηρία), while withdrawing the British ones.

The next significant change was during the early 1970s, when Greece was the first Mediterranean naval force to order missile-equipped fast attack craft (Combattante II) and the Type 209 submarines, whereas US military aid continued in the form of FRAM II type destroyers. In 1979, the Hellenic Navy placed an order in the Netherlands for two modern Standard-class frigates (the Elli class). These were the first acquisitions of new main surface vessels, rather than the use of second-hand ships, in almost four decades.

Modern era (1980-2022)

The Charles F. Adams-destroyer USS Berkeley in 1984, later in Greek service as HS Themistocles (D221)

The arrivals of Hydra class

Sikorsky S-70B-6/10 Aegean Hawk helicopters and Project 1232.2 Zubr-class hovercraft from Russia and Ukraine
. Later actions included the modernization of Standard-class frigates with new electronics and radar systems and the modernization of Glaukos and Poseidon-class submarines with new sonars, electronics and air-independent propulsion engines (programs Neptune I/II).

Fleet overview

The Hellenic Navy maintains a large number of surface vessels and submarines in its inventory. However, the vast majority of warships in active service are in the process of either being replaced by more modern and advanced designs, being refurbished, or being retired. The Navy is awaiting delivery of 3 FDI Belharra frigates from France with an option for 1 more after the

Greek Prime Minister announced the purchase from Greece of 4 new multirole heavy frigates in September 2020, that will replace older Elli class vessels. Deliberations with other parties, including the United States and Germany, lasted for months after France was eventually awarded the contract. He also announced the immediate upgrade of all 4 Hydra (Meko-200HN) class frigates, already in service.[9] Greece has also signed on to a program between Italy and France in making a new multirole heavy corvette, with Spain joining as well. The program, dubbed the European Patrol Corvette, has also been inserted in the EU's so-called Permanent Structured Cooperation. Naviris expected the EU fund to issue a Request for Proposal for projects in 2020, with proposals to then be submitted by industry in 2021, and for decisions on fund allocation to be made the same year.[10] Also, plans for the Hellenic Navy to acquire the Sa'ar 72 Israeli corvette of the new Themistocles class [1]
came to fruition after an agreement signed in June 2020, with exclusive production in Greece.

Frigates and heavy corvettes

FTI Belharra, revealed at the 2016 Euronaval exhibition and proposed by France
.

Frigates are the main heavy ships of the Navy, with 70% of the

HS Kountouriotis, commissioned in 1978) while the youngest ship is just over 20 years old (HS Salamis, commissioned in 1998). None of the ships was equipped with a remote weapon station (RWS) for the purpose of asymmetric warfare and coastal defence and the electronic countermeasures systems (ECM) were absent or obsolete. Raytheon has now installed new electro-optical systems on the ships that were previously not equipped with such sensors. It is certain that Hydras will undergo a modernization program but its scale is not yet known. Plan for the Hydras is to extend their operational lifespan well into the 2030s. However, the Elli class frigates need to be replaced by new designs.[11]

The acquisition of two, with an option for two more,

US Navy. The Germans came to the table with the Meko-A200 design, a new and advanced version of the Meko-200HN, that could additionally offer homogeneity to the fleet, especially after the upgrade of the ships already in service.[14]

On November 6, 2020, the Navy submitted its initial preference for the acquisition of 4 MMSC Littoral Combat Ships developed by

Greek Government
on the type and country of origin of the new Hellenic ships, was scheduled for 2021.

Final decision was made in September 28 of 2021 and after many months of deliberations. During his visit to the French capital and his meeting with President Emmanuel Macron, Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis announced the procurement of 3+1 French FDI-HN Frigates and 3+1 Gowind-HN class Corvettes in a €5 billion deal spreading to 2026,[16] with the later class still being configured to meet the Hellenic Navy's needs.

It is almost certain that two types will replace the Ellis, in order to maintain a ceiling of at least 10 frigates/corvettes. A floating scenario was the purchase of heavy corvettes to replace a number of old Ellis. This scenario has become increasingly more possible, after Greece joined Italy and France in the European Patrol Corvette (EPC/PESCO)[17] consortium in early 2020 for the construction of a new advanced 3,000 ton corvette, with Spain joining the program as well. New ships, for all involved Navies, are not likely to enter service before 2027 or 2030 at the earliest.[18]

Submarines

Greece maintains a mixed fleet of modern and older submarine units. In December 2019, the

Hellenic Ministry of Defence resolved a lingering issue, regarding the new Type-214 (Papanikolis class) torpedoes. An order for new multipurpose heavyweight SeaHake Mod4 torpedoes, from Atlas Elektronik, was placed.[19]
The contract also included the upgrade of older torpedoes and the purchase of new torpedo batteries. The six older and non-modernized Type-209 units (Poseidon and Glavkos classes) will be gradually retired, without any replacement announced yet. The optimistic scenario is replacement with four additional Type-214s, reaching a ceiling of eight units of this type. By 2030, the recently upgraded Type-209/1500 AIP (HS Okeanos, former Type-209/1200) will have exceeded 50 years since entering service; therefore it is questionable whether it will still be part of the Greek fleet by that time.

Other surface combatants

There were two new Roussen class

Elefsis Shipyard that was contracted to build the ships. There are no changes in the initial design, despite 20 years since the first vessel in the class entered service. The majority of the FAC were built in the late ‘70s. Four of them have been modernised extensively and the new ships have integrated all updates. All older vessels of other types, with the exemption of three Votsis class boats which are about to be retired soon with the introduction of the new Roussens, have replaced their old MM38 and Penguin missile systems with Harpoon launchers. In addition, the boats that had no electro-optical tracking (Mirador) sensors, received new endogenous Miltech [2] TDR-10A and TDR-300 systems.[21]

The fleet also consists of ten gunboats. With the exception of the four Machitis class (Osprey HSY-56A), the rest of the gunboats need modernization and, some of them, replacement. The two Asheville class boats are at least 50 years old. The remaining four boats (Osprey-55 and HSY-56) have already received new electro-optical systems. On June 16, 2020, ONEX Neorion Shipyards SA in the Greek island of Syros and Israel Shipyards LTD signed a cooperation agreement for the construction of the Themistocles class corvette during Greek PM's visit to Israel. This is a multipurpose warship based on the Israeli Sa'ar 72-class corvette design, at 72 meters length and displacement of around 800 tons. It will be able of speeds above 30 knots with an extended endurance. It can operate a medium size marine helicopter, but also supports unique possibilities of deploying Special Forces units. The agreement was for the construction in Greece of 7 vessels, with an option for 6 more.[22] These will replace an equal number of older gunboats.

In February 2020, at a special event held at the Hellenic Institute of Naval Technology (HINT), the technical director of the Unit of Submersibles and Hellenic Navy Works of

Asymmetric Warfare
Vessel (AWV) that uses the latest technologies and composite materials. The first vessels have already been added to the Navy’s fleet. They are capable of a number of missions including insertion and extraction of Special Operations Forces, interdiction and coastal patrol, as well as search and rescue (SAR) operations.

In April 2020 the Navy received the first four Mark V Special Operations Craft, ordered via the United States Excess Defense Articles programme. The craft are utilised by the Underwater Demolition Command.[24]

Aircraft

In 2019, the U.S. State Department cleared a $600 million foreign military sale (FMS) of seven

Lockheed P-3B Orions and their submission to a program of overhaul, upgrade and service life extension. The contract with Lockheed Martin included the return of one aircraft to airworthy condition with the existing mission equipment as an "interim solution" and the complete modernization and upgrade of four other aircraft in Hellenic Aerospace (HAI). The option included the complete modernization and upgrade of that aircraft as well. The "interim solution" aircraft has already been delivered, while all the remaining aircraft are expected to be delivered by 2023.[27]

The Hellenic Navy will soon begin the use of a new UAV called Archytas. This will be a VTOL aircraft used for surveillance and it will be able to take-off and land on warships. It may also be lightly armed. However, this will not be flying until 2024. [28]

Chain of command

[29]

Main commands

Greek English translation Location
Γενικόν Επιτελείον Ναυτικού (ΓΕΝ) Hellenic Navy General Staff Athens
Αρχηγείον Στόλου (ΑΣ) Fleet Headquarters Salamis Island
Ναυτική Διοίκηση Αιγαίου (ΝΔΑ) Aegean Sea Naval Command Piraeus
Ναυτική Διοίκηση Ιονίου (ΝΔΙ) Ionian Sea Naval Command Patras
Ναυτική Διοίκηση Βορείου Ελλάδος (ΝΔΒΕ) Northern Greece Naval Command Thessaloniki
Διοίκηση Ναυτικής Εκπαίδευσης (ΔΝΕ) Naval Training Command Skaramagas
Διοίκηση Διοικητικής Μέριμνας (ΔΔΜΝ) Logistics Command Athens
Διοίκηση Αεροπορίας Ναυτικού (ΔΑΝ) Navy Aviation Command Grammatiko
Ναύσταθμος Κρήτης Crete Naval Base Souda Bay, Chania
Ναύσταθμος Σαλαμίνας Salamis Naval Base Salamis Island
Υδρογραφική Υπηρεσία Hydrographic Service[30] Athens
Υπηρεσία Φάρων Lighthouse Command[31] Piraeus

Combat arms

Combat support arms

  • Διοίκηση Ναρκοπολέμου (ΔΝΑΡ) Minesweeper Command

Combat service support

  • Σχολή Εξάσκησης Ναυτικής Τακτικής (ΣΕΝΤ) Naval Tactical Training School (under Fleet Headquarters)

Equipment

Ships

The Hellenic Navy's fleet of warships and auxiliary boats is harboured in the two major HN naval bases at Salamis Island near Piraeus and at Souda Bay on the island of Crete. Internationally, the Navy used the prefix HS (Hellenic Ship) for its vessels.

Frigates

The Hellenic Navy flagship frigate HS Spetsai in the Red Sea while transiting to the Persian Gulf on Operation INAS BAHR (Friendly Seas)

The Hellenic Navy relies mainly on

HS Elli and HS Limnos were sold to Greece during construction, the rest were bought directly from the Dutch Navy. The Hydra class vessels were constructed in Greece by Hellenic Shipyards Co., except from HS Hydra that was constructed by the German company Blohm and Voss based in Hamburg
.

Modernization of six frigates was completed in 2010.

Frégate de défense et d'intervention
- FDI) class warships, officially constituting the Navy’s new Kimon Class, and modernisation of the Hydra class in a €5 billion deal that initially extends up to 2026.

Since 2022, three frigates of the Kimon Class have been under construction in France by Naval Group. These are HS Kimon (F-601), HS Nearchos (F-602) and HS Formion (F-603). Delivery of HS Kimon (F-601) is scheduled for early 2025 and the rest are to follow over the succeeding months. Greece has a contracted option for a fourth ship to be included in the initial production line, if it so chooses.

The Greek frigate HS Psara carries three reliquaries permanently on its onboard historical exhibition. Two contain the taxidermic hearts of Greek War of Independence heroes Admiral Konstantinos Kanaris and Admiral Andreas Miaoulis and one reliquary contains the remains of heroine Rear Admiral (posthumous) Laskarina Bouboulina. The frigate's exhibition can be visited when the ship opens to the public during National Holidays and celebrations.

In January 2024, Defence Minister Nikolaos Dendias announced a proposal to manufacture seven Constellation-class frigate in Greece. [36]

Gunboats

Asheville-Class gunboat HS Tolmi conducting drills

The Hellenic Navy operates ten

US Navy
vessels, bought and transferred to Greece in 1989.

Attack Missile boats

Missile boat HS Xenos underway

The fleet consists of nineteen missile boats also known as fast attack missile craft. Two new ships (P78 and P79) entered service in 2019. The main purpose of these vessels is offensive anti-ship warfare. The Hellenic Navy operates four types of missile boats. These are the Roussen (Super-Vita), Laskos (La Combattante III), Kavaloudis (La Combattante IIIb) and Votsis (La Combattante IIa) classes. The La Combattante III and La Combattante IIIb classes were upgraded in 2006. For the La Combattante III craft, Thales delivered a TACTICOS combat management system, including four multi-functional operator consoles, one surveillance radar, a fire-control tracking system, one electro-optical tracking and fire control system, an integrated low-probability-of-interception radar, two target designation sights and a tactical data link. The weapon suite of the La Combattante IIIs remained unchanged. Thales was also responsible for the integration of existing guns, surface-to-surface missiles and torpedoes. The La Combattante IIa ships are scheduled to be decommissioned upon completion of the two newly ordered Roussen gunboats.

Submarines

Type 214 submarine HS Papanikolis under construction

The Hellenic Navy Submarine Command operates eleven

Skaramangas, Greece. The Hellenic Navy named them the Papanikolis class. Other types operated are the 209/1100 Glavkos class, the 209/1200 Poseidon class and one boat of the 209/1500 AIP Okeanos class
. The Glavkos submarines were upgraded with the "Neptune I" modernisation program and the Poseidon and Okeanos vessels with the "Neptune II" program. The Okeanos upgrade included AIP capabilities very similar to Type 214 so extensive to justify HS Okeanos as a new, separate class when compared to the rest of Type 209/1200 vessels. New dimensions are similar to Type 214 boats.

Special Operations Craft

The Navy operates the endogenous AAWV Aginor (Αγήνωρ) which is an Advanced

Asymmetric Warfare
Vessel that uses latest technologies and composite materials making it suitable for a number of missions including insertion and extraction of Special Operations Forces, interdiction and coastal patrol, as well as search and rescue (SAR) operations.

The Navy also operates the Mark V Special Operations Craft, which is an American design originally developed for the US Navy Seals. The craft are utilised by the Hellenic Navy Underwater Demolition Command[38] and are specifically customised to the needs of the Hellenic Navy and the Aegean theater of operations.

Landing boats

Phaleron Bay

The Hellenic Navy currently operates nine

Soviet design had been built for and purchased by a NATO member.[40][41][42][43]

Replenishment and other vessels

The Hellenic Navy operates fifteen replenishment and support ships including

armoured cruiser worldwide still in existence and, although it is permanently a harboured museum ship, is ceremoniously considered in active-service carrying the Rear Admiral's Rank Flag. The Hellenic Navy also has the trireme Olympias
in commission, making the Hellenic Navy the navy with the oldest type of commissioned vessel in the world..

Aircraft

Hellenic Navy S-70B Aegean Hawk at Archangel 2005 airshow

The Hellenic Navy operates naval aviation units under the Navy Aviation Command,[44] that resulted from the amalgamation of the Navy Helicopter Command and the 353rd Naval Cooperation Squadron, which was run jointly with the Hellenic Air Force.

It currently operates:[45]

Ranks and insignia

Commissioned officers

NATO code OF-10 OF-9 OF-8 OF-7 OF-6 OF-5 OF-4 OF-3 OF-2 OF-1 OF(D) Student officer
 Hellenic Navy[48]
Ναύαρχος
Navarchos
Αντιναύαρχος
Antinavarchos
Υποναύαρχος
Yponavarchos
Αρχιπλοίαρχος
Archiploiarchos
Πλοίαρχος
Ploiarchos
Αντιπλοίαρχος
Antiploiarchos
Πλωτάρχης
Plotarchis
Υποπλοίαρχος
Ypoploiarchos
Ανθυποπλοίαρχος
Anthypoploiarchos
Σημαιοφόρος
Simaioforos
Σημαιοφόρος Επίκουρος Αξιωματικός
Simaioforos epikouros axiomatikos

NCOs and enlisted

NATO code OR-9 OR-8 OR-7 OR-6 OR-5 OR-4 OR-3 OR-2 OR-1
 Hellenic Navy[48]

male

female

male

female
Ανθυπασπιστής[a]
Anthypaspistis
Αρχικελευστής
Archikelefstis
Επικελευστής
Epikelefstis
Κελευστής
Kelefstis
Δίοπος
Diopos
Ναύτης
Naftis

Hellenic Navy flags

  • Royal HN Naval Ensign (1833–1858)
    Royal HN Naval Ensign (1833–1858)
  • Royal HN Naval Ensign (1863–1924 and 1935–1970)
    Royal HN Naval Ensign (1863–1924 and 1935–1970)
  • HN Naval Ensign (1830–1833, 1924–1935 and 1974–present)
    HN Naval Ensign (1830–1833, 1924–1935 and 1974–present)
  • RHN Naval Jack
  • HN Naval Jack
  • Minister of Defence flag
    Minister of Defence flag
  • HN 4-star Admiral's Flag
    HN 4-star Admiral's Flag
  • HN Senior Officer's flag
    HN Senior Officer's flag
  • HN Commissioning Pennant
    HN Commissioning Pennant
  • Royal HN Naval Ensign (1970–1973) and HN Naval Ensign (1973–1974)
    Royal HN Naval Ensign (1970–1973) and HN Naval Ensign (1973–1974)

Photo gallery

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Greece has only one level of Warrant Officer. According to the current issue (2021) of STANAG 2116, the Greek Warrant Officers are included in OR-9, however they are afforded the privileges of an officer. See STANAG 2116 note 29, page D-9

References

  1. ^
    Perseus Project
    .
  2. ^ Thucydides (1942). "1.143.5". Historiae in two volumes (in Greek). Oxford: Oxford University Press. At the Perseus Project.
  3. ^ Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, 1.143.
  4. ^ a b "History of Hellenic Navy". www.hellenicnavy.gr. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  5. ^ a b Official website of the Hellenic Navy Archived 2007-08-22 at the Wayback Machine.
  6. ^ Politics and Statecraft in the Kingdom of Greece, John Anthony Petropulos, Princeton University Press, 1968.
  7. .
  8. ^ Pier Filippo Lupinacci, Vittorio Emanuele Tognelli, La difesa del traffico con l'Albania, la Grecia e l'Egeo, Ufficio Storico della Marina Militare, Rome 1965, pp. 47–49.
  9. ^ Darling, Daniel (15 September 2020). "Greece Commits to Upgrading its Military Capabilities". Defense Security Monitor. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  10. ^ Kingston, Tom (2020-02-07). "Spain seen joining Greece, France, Italy on European Patrol Corvette program". defensenews. Retrieved 2021-11-10.
  11. ^ Darling, Daniel (15 September 2020). "Greece Commits to Upgrading its Military Capabilities". Defense Security Monitor. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  12. ^ "Frégates FDI : la France touchée, coulée en Grèce ?". La Tribune (in French). 16 July 2020. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  13. ^ "Greece's sudden "no" for French Belharra frigates amidst rising tensions with Turkey". ARMYNOW.NET. 22 July 2020. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  14. ^ "Greece may acquire German frigates to boost defense as tensions with Turkey rise in the Mediterranean". www.navyrecognition.com. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  15. ^ "Hellenic Navy plans to purchase four American-made Multi-Mission Surface Combatant MMSC frigates". www.navyrecognition.com. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  16. ^ "Greece to buy French warships in boost for EU defence". France 24. 28 September 2021. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
  17. ^ Kington, Tom (7 February 2020). "Spain seen joining Greece, France, Italy on European Patrol Corvette program". Defense News. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  18. ^ Archus, Dorian (11 May 2020). "Spain officially joins European Patrol Corvette (EPC) program". Naval News. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
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Further reading