Greeks in Italy
Catholic, Greek Orthodox |
Ancient
In the 8th and 7th centuries BC, for various reasons, including demographic crisis (famine, overcrowding, climate change, etc.), the search for new commercial outlets and ports, and expulsion from their homeland, Greeks began a large colonization drive, including southern Italy.[7]
In this same time, Greek colonies were established in places as widely separated as the eastern coast of the Black Sea and Massalia (Marseille). They included settlements in Sicily and the coastal areas of the southern part of the Italian peninsula.[8] The Romans called the area of Sicily and the foot of the boot of Italy Magna Graecia (Latin, "Greater Greece"), since it was so densely inhabited by Greeks. The ancient geographers differed on whether the term included Sicily or merely Apulia and Calabria — Strabo being the most prominent advocate of the wider definitions.
Medieval
During the
The migration of
In the decades following the Ottoman
Modern Italy
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Greeks |
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Although most of the Greek inhabitants of Southern Italy became entirely Latinized during the Middle Ages (as many ancient colonies like Paestum had already been in the 4th century BC), pockets of Greek culture and language remained and survived into modern times. This is due to the fact that the migration routes between southern Italy and the Greek mainland never entirely ceased to exist.
Thus, for example, Greeks sought refuge in the region in the 16th and 17th centuries in reaction to the conquest of the Peloponnese by the Ottoman Turks, especially after the fall of Coroni (1534). The Greeks from Coroni - the so-called Coronians - belonged to the nobility and brought with them substantial movable property. They were granted special privileges and given tax exemptions. Another part of the Greeks that moved to Italy came from the Mani region of the Peloponnese. The Maniots were known for their proud military traditions and for their bloody vendettas (another portion of these Greeks moved to Corsica; cf. the Corsican vendettas).[citation needed]
When the
The city of Messina is home to a small Greek-speaking minority, which arrived from the Peloponnese between 1533 and 1534 when fleeing the expansion of the Ottoman Empire. They were officially recognised in 2012.[20]
Griko people
The Griko people are a population group in
Immigrants
After
Notable Greeks in Italy
- Peter of Candia antipope (1339–1410)
- Pope Innocent VIII (1432-1492)
- Francesco Maurolico mathematician and astronomer (1494-1575)
- Nicholas Kalliakis philosopher (1645-1707)
- Andreas Musalus mathematician and philosopher (1665-1721)
- Simone Stratigo mathematician and natural science expert (1733–1824)
- Ugo Foscolo writer, revolutionary and poet (1778–1827)
- Constantino Brumidi historical painter (1805-1880)
- Matilde Serao journalist and novelist (1856–1927)
- Sotirios Bulgaris founder of Bvlgari jewelry (1857-1932)
- Demetrio Stratos singer (1945–1979)
- Antonella Lualdi actress and singer (1931)
- Sylva Koscina actress (1933)
- Fiorella Kostoris economist (1945)
- Antonella Interlenghi actress (1960)
- Anna Kanakis actress and model (1962)
- Valeria Golino actress (1965)
- Virginia Sanjust di Teulada television announcer (1977)
- Nicolas Vaporidis actor (1982)
- Chiara Gensini actress (1982)
- Ria Antoniou model and actress (1988)
- Ludovica Caramis model (1991)
- Kostas Manolas footballer (1991)
See also
- Calabrian Greek dialect
- Colonies in antiquity
- Greek coinage of Italy and Sicily
- Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Italy and Malta
- Griko language
- Magna Graecia
- Grecìa Salentina
- Bovesia
References
- ^ "Grecia Salentina official site (in Italian)". www.greciasalentina.org.org. Archived from the original on December 31, 2010. Retrieved February 1, 2011.
La popolazione complessiva dell'Unione è di 54278 residenti così distribuiti (Dati Istat al 31° dicembre 2005. Comune Popolazione Calimera 7351 Carpignano Salentino 3868 Castrignano dei Greci 4164 Corigliano d'Otranto 5762 Cutrofiano 9250 Martano 9588 Martignano 1784 Melpignano 2234 Soleto 5551 Sternatia 2583 Zollino 2143 Totale 54278
- ISBN 9788877401212.
Le attuali colonie Greche calabresi; La Grecìa calabrese si inscrive nel massiccio aspromontano e si concentra nell'ampia e frastagliata valle dell'Amendolea e nelle balze più a oriente, dove sorgono le fiumare dette di S. Pasquale, di Palizzi e Sidèroni e che costituiscono la Bovesia vera e propria. Compresa nei territori di cinque comuni (Bova Superiore, Bova Marina, Roccaforte del Greco, Roghudi, Condofuri), la Grecia si estende per circa 233 kmq. La popolazione anagrafica complessiva è di circa 14.000 unità.
- ^ "Hellenic Republic Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Italy, The Greek Community". Archived from the original on July 17, 2006. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
Greek community. The Greek diaspora consists of some 30,000 people, most of whom are to be found in Central Italy. There has also been an age-old presence of Italian nationals of Greek descent, who speak the Greco dialect peculiar to the Magna Graecia region. This dialect can be traced historically back to the era of Byzantine rule, but even as far back as classical antiquity.
- ISBN 1-84545-456-1" "The ethnic Greek minorities living in southern Italy today exemplify the establishment of independent and permanent colonial settlements of Greeks in history.
- ^ "Greek MFA: Greek community in Italy". Archived from the original on July 17, 2006. Retrieved April 4, 2008.
- ^ G. Rohlfs, Griechen und Romanen in Unteritalien, 1924.
- ^ "Greek Italy:A Roadmap". Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved April 4, 2008.
- ^ "Magna Graecia". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved March 27, 2021.
- ISBN 0-87169-125-6.
Initially, we should observe that Francesco Maurolico (or Maruli or Maroli) was born in Messina on 16 September 1494, of a Greek family which had fled Constantinople after its fall to the Turks in 1453 and settled in Messina.
- ISBN 0-415-10973-6.
Francisco Maurolico, the son of Greek refugees from Constantinople, spread an interest in number theory through his study of arithmetic in two books published in 1575 after his death.
- ISBN 0-7134-8781-X.
Tommaso Flangini, a wealthy Greek merchant and . in 1664 . a late entrant to the Venetian Republic's patriciate) were enclosed.
- ^ "Byzantines in Renaissance Italy". Archived from the original on August 31, 2018. Retrieved April 4, 2008.
- ^ Greeks in Italy
- ISBN 0-521-45531-6.
In 1479 it was reckoned that there were between 4000 and 5000 Greek residents in Venice. They were not idle scroungers, they served the interests of their hosts in a number of ways.
- ISBN 960-7894-29-4.
- ISBN 0-521-34157-4.
In November 1494 the Greeks asked permission to form a Brotherhood of the Greek race.
- ^ ISBN 0-521-45531-6.
In 1494 the Greeks in Venice were permitted to found a Brotherhood of the Greek race, a philanthropic and religious society with its own officers and committee to represent the interests of the Greek community. It was the first formal recognition by Venice of the legal status of the Greek colony. But it was not until 1539 that they were authorized to begin building their own church of San Giorgio dei Greci which still stands in the centre of Venice on the Rio dei Greci.
- ^ Minority Rights Group International - Italy - Greek-speakers
- ^ ISBN 978-1137508539.
- ^ "Delimiting the territory of the Greek linguistic minority of Messina" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 3, 2013. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
- ISBN 0-8058-5724-9" "Griko Milume - This reaction was even more pronounced in the southern Italian communities of Greek origins. There are two distinct clusters, in Puglia and Calabria, which have managed to preserve their language, Griko or Grecanico, all through the historical events that have shaped Italy. While being Italian citizens, they are actually aware of their Greek roots and again the defence of their language is the key to their identity.
- ISBN 0-521-25551-1" "At the end of the twelfth century ... While in Apulia Greeks were in a majority – and indeed present in any numbers at all – only in the Salento peninsula in the extreme south, at the time of the conquest, they had an overwhelming preponderance in Lucaina and central and southern Calabria, as well as comprising anything up to a third of the population of Sicily, concentrated especially in the north-east of the island, the Val Demone.
- ISBN 0-415-93930-5" "In Lucania (northern Calabria, Basilicata, and southernmost portion of today's Campania) ... From the late ninth century into the eleventh, Greek-speaking populations and Byzantine temporal power advanced, in stages but by no means always in tandem, out of southern Calabria and the lower Salentine peninsula across Lucania and through much of Apulia as well. By the early eleventh century, Greek settlement had radiated northward and had reached the interior of the Cilento, deep in Salernitan territory. Parts of the central and north-western Salento recovered early, and came to have a Greek majority through immigration, as did parts of Lucania.
- ISBN 0-521-29126-7" "Greeks had also settled in southern Italy and Sicily which retained until Norman conquest a tenuous link with Constantinople. At the time of the Norman invasion, the Greeks were a very important minority, and their monasteries provided the institutional basis for the preservation of Greek culture. The Normans, however, restored the balance and permitted Latin culture to reassert itself. By 1100 the Greeks were largely assimilated and only a few colonies remained in eastern Sicily and Calabria; even here Greek lived alongside and intermarried with Latin, and the Greek colonies were evidently declining.
- ISBN 0-7007-1197-X" "Griko (also called Italiot Greek) Italy: spoken in the Salento peninsula in Lecce Province in southern Apulia and in a few villages near Reggio di Calabria in southern Calabria ... South Italian influence has been strong for a long time. Severely Endangered.
- ^ "Grecia Salentina official site (in Italian)". www.greciasalentina.org.org. Archived from the original on December 31, 2010. Retrieved February 1, 2011.
La popolazione complessiva dell'Unione è di 54278 residenti così distribuiti (Dati Istat al 31° dicembre 2005. Comune Popolazione Calimera 7351 Carpignano Salentino 3868 Castrignano dei Greci 4164 Corigliano d'Otranto 5762 Cutrofiano 9250 Martano 9588 Martignano 1784 Melpignano 2234 Soleto 5551 Sternatia 2583 Zollino 2143 Totale 54278
- ISBN 88-7740-121-4" "Le attuali colonie Greche calabresi; La Grecìa calabrese si inscrive nel massiccio aspromontano e si concentra nell'ampia e frastagliata valle dell'Amendolea e nelle balze più a oriente, dove sorgono le fiumare dette di S. Pasquale, di Palizzi e Sidèroni e che costituiscono la Bovesia vera e propria. Compresa nei territori di cinque comuni (Bova Superiore, Bova Marina, Roccaforte del Greco, Roghudi, Condofuri), la Grecia si estende per circa 233 kmq. La popolazione anagrafica complessiva è di circa 14.000 unità.
- ^ "Hellenic Republic Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Italy, The Greek Community".
Greek community. The Greek diaspora consists of some 30,000 people, most of whom are to be found in Central Italy. There has also been an age-old presence of Italian nationals of Greek descent, who speak the Greco dialect peculiar to the Magna Graecia region. This dialect can be traced historically back to the era of Byzantine rule, but even as far back as classical antiquity.
Further reading
Jonathan Harris, 'Being a Byzantine after Byzantium: Hellenic Identity in Renaissance Italy', Kambos: Cambridge Papers in Modern Greek 8 (2000), 25-44
Jonathan Harris, Greek Emigres in the West, 1400–1520 (Camberley, 1995)
Jonathan Harris and Heleni Porphyriou, 'The Greek diaspora: Italian port cities and London, c. 1400–1700', in Cities and Cultural Transfer in Europe: 1400–1700, ed. Donatella Calabi and Stephen Turk Christensen (Cambridge, 2007), pp. 65–86
Heleni Porphyriou, 'La presenza greca in Italia tra cinque e seicento: Roma e Venezia', La città italiana e I luoghi degli stranieri XIV-XVIII secolo, ed. Donatella Calabi and Paolo Lanaro (Rome, 1998), pp. 21–38
M.F. Tiepolo and E. Tonetti, I Greci a Venezia. Atti del convegno internazionale di studio, Venezia, 5-8 Novembre 1998 (Venice, 2002), pp. 185–95
External links
- Grika milume! An online Griko community
- Enosi Griko, Coordination of Grecìa Salentina Associations
- Grecìa Salentina Archived March 24, 2005, at the Wayback Machine official site (in Italian)
- Salento Griko (in Italian)
- English-Griko dictionary