Greensleeves
My Lady Greensleeves by Dante Gabriel Rossetti
Melody
"Greensleeves" is a traditional
broadside ballad by the name "A Newe Northen Dittye of ye Ladye Greene Sleves" was registered by Richard Jones at the London Stationers' Company in September 1580,[1][2] and the tune is found in several late 16th-century and early 17th-century sources, such as Ballet's MS Lute Book and Het Luitboek van Thysius, as well as various manuscripts preserved in the Seeley Historical Library in the University of Cambridge
.
Origin
A
A Handful of Pleasant Delights
(1584) as A New Courtly Sonnet of the Lady Green Sleeves. To the new tune of Green Sleeves.
Elizabethan in origin.[7]
Lyrical interpretation
Wikisource has lyrics for the song:
A possible interpretation of the lyrics is that Lady Green Sleeves was a promiscuous young woman, perhaps even a prostitute.[8] At the time, the word "green" had sexual connotations, most notably in the phrase "a green gown", a reference to the grass stains on a woman's dress from engaging in sexual intercourse outdoors.[9]
An alternative explanation is that Lady Green Sleeves was, through her costume, incorrectly assumed to be sexually promiscuous. Her "discourteous" rejection of the singer's advances supports the contention that she is not.[9]
In Nevill Coghill's translation of The Canterbury Tales,[10] he explains that "green [for Chaucer's age] was the colour of lightness in love. This is echoed in 'Greensleeves is my delight' and elsewhere."
Alternative lyrics
Christmas and New Year texts were associated with the tune from as early as 1686, and by the 19th century almost every printed collection of
Christmas carols included some version of words and music together, most of them ending with the refrain "On Christmas Day in the morning".[11] One of the most popular of these is "What Child Is This?", written in 1865 by William Chatterton Dix.[12]
Early literary references
In Shakespeare's Falstaff later exclaims:
Let the sky rain potatoes! Let it thunder to the tune of 'Greensleeves'!
These allusions indicate the song was already well known at that time.
Form
 | This section may be too technical for most readers to understand. (October 2022) |
"Greensleeves" can have a
Andalusian progression in its verses and the romanesca or passamezzo antico in its reprise. The romanesca originated in Spain[13] and is composed of a sequence of four chords with a simple, repeating bass, which provide the groundwork for variations and improvisation
.
Uses
| External audio | |
|---|---|
 You may hear Ralph Vaughan Williams' '"Fantasia on Greensleeves" performed by Leopold Stokowski and the New York Philharmonic in 1949 Here on Archive.org |
- The tune was used (as "My Lady Greensleeves") as the slow march of the London 7th (City of London) Battalion London Regiment, which claimed descent from the Yellow Regiment of London Trained Bands, adopted the tune as its quick march during World War I, replacing "Austria" (to the same tune as Deutschlandlied), which had been used until then.[14]
- Greensleeves is the tune for the classic Christmas carol What Child Is This?.[15]
- The 17th century English ballad, Old England Grown New is a version of "Greensleeves", also sometimes known as 'The Blacksmith' after another broadside ballad of the time.[16]
- Ralph Vaughan Williams incorporated Greensleeves as the song Alas, My Love, You Do Me Wrong for Mistress Ford in Act III of his 1928 opera Sir John in Love. Its contrasting middle section is founded on another folk tune: Lovely Joan. In 1934 the song was arranged for strings and harp, with Vaughan Williams's blessing, by Ralph Greaves (1889–1966); this is the familiar Fantasia on Greensleeves.[17][18][19][20]
- Gustav Holst incorporated the tune into the final movement of his Second Suite in F for Military Band, interwoven with the primary theme, "Dargason".[21] He later adapted the movement for strings, still using both folk tunes, in his St Paul's Suite.[22]
- The tune was the basis for "Home in the Meadow," a recurring song throughout the 1962 epic film How the West Was Won.[23]
- In some parts of the world the "Greensleeves" tune is popular as a standard chime for ice cream vans.[24][25]
- Belgian singer Jacques Brel used the tune for the basis of his 1964 song Amsterdam.[26]
- Instrumental versions of "Greensleeves" were used in the long-running original Lassie television series, both in a seven-part 1966 story[27] and as the show's theme song for its last three seasons (1970-73).[28]
- In Hong Kong, "Greensleeves" is used as background music in Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education public listening exams.[29]. [30]
- Upon the opening of the MTR Tuen Ma line (through a merger of West Rail line and Ma On Shan line at that time) in 2021, a viral video of a young rail enthusiast singing the lyrics “The Tuen Ma line has opened. I am so excited!” to the tune of "Greensleeves" became an internet meme in Hong Kong.[30] The MTR Corporation would create its own edition of the song for the extension of the East Rail line in 2022.[31]
References
- ^ ISBN 1-4437-7289-5
- ^ ISBN 0-19-316124-9.
- ISBN 0-19-316124-9.
- ISBN 1-85585-008-7 – via Internet Archive. Exhibition catalogue.
- ^ Skinner, David. "The Musical Life of King Henry VIII". BBC Music Magazine. Retrieved 28 September 2023.
- ^ "Greensleeves: Mythology, History and Music. Part 1 of 3: Mythology". Early Music Muse. 3 July 2015. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
- ISBN 0-345-43708-X.
- ISBN 0-313-32210-4
- ^ ISBN 1-55728-231-5
- ISBN 0-14-042438-5.
- ISBN 0-19-316124-9.
- ^ "Greensleeves: Mythology, History and Music. Part 2 of 3: History". Early Music Muse. 6 July 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
- ISBN 0-933224-57-5. See: "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 June 2007. Retrieved 15 December 2011.).
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link - ISBN 1-84342-366-9, pp. 219–20.
- ISBN 978-1-4574-1934-8.
- ^ "Penny Merriments: Street Songs of 17th Century England" (PDF). naxos.com. 2015. p. 5. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
- ^ Ralph Vaughan Williams, Fantasia on Greensleeves, arranged from the opera Sir John in Love for string orchestra and harp (or pianoforte) with one or two optional flutes by Ralph Greaves, Oxford Orchestral Series no. 102 (London: Oxford University Press, 1934).
- John Tyrrell(London: Macmillan Publishers, 2001).
- ISBN 978-0-19-861459-3.
- ^ "The Halle Orchestra Conducted By John Barbirolli – Fantasia On "Greensleeves"/ Londonderry Air". discogs. Retrieved 17 May 2018.
- ^ "Second Suite In F For Military Band - 4. Fantasia". J.W. Pepper Sheet Music. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
- ^ Erb, Jane. "St. Paul Suite Op. 29 #2". Classical Net. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
- ^ "GREENSLEEVES vs 'Home In The Meadow'". 25 August 2015.
- ^ Barton, Laura (12 July 2013). "Ice-cream van chimes: the sound of the British summer". The Guardian.
- ^ Dorman, Nick (3 August 2013). "Ice cream vans, Greensleeves chime and 99s make Brits happier according to poll". Mirror.
- ISBN 978-1-84792-145-1.
- ^ "Lassieweb.org".
- ^ "Lassieweb.org".
- ^ Eunice Lam (26 April 2023). "Dismay as Chinese listening exam set to pass into history".
- ^ a b Kelly, Fung (11 July 2021). "Autistic Hong Kong teen on his love for trains, becoming an internet sensation, and dangers of doxxing". SCMP Young Post. Archived from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
- ^ "《屯馬開通》一曲成名 鐵路迷羅生獲港鐵邀唱新歌賀過海段通車" (in Chinese). 12 May 2022. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
External links
Media related to Greensleeves at Wikimedia Commons
- "Greensleeves". musopen.org. Archived from the original on 13 May 2014. Public domain music recording
- Free sheet music of Greensleeves from Cantorion.org
- Transcription of the lyrics from A Handful of Pleasant Delights (1584)
- "Transcription of the sheet music from the version in William Ballet's Lute Book (c. 1580)". Archived from the original on 23 February 2012. Retrieved 2 April 2010.
- Andrew Kuntz, The Fiddler's Companion: see under Greensleeves [2]
- Greensleeves Archived 14 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine on TradTune.com
| National | |
|---|---|
| Other | |
