Gregory Winter

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For the American journalist, see Greg Winter (journalist).

Sir
Gregory Winter
Master of Trinity College, Cambridge
In office
2012–2019
Preceded byLord Rees of Ludlow
Succeeded byDame Sally Davies
Personal details
Born
Gregory Paul Winter

(1951-04-14) 14 April 1951 (age 72)
Leicester, Leicestershire, England
WebsiteLMB web page
Education
Laboratory of Molecular Biology
Imperial College London
ThesisThe amino acid sequence of tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase from Bacillus stearothermophilus (1977)
Doctoral advisorBrian S. Hartley

Sir Gregory Paul Winter

Laboratory of Molecular Biology and the MRC Centre for Protein Engineering
, in Cambridge, England.

He is credited with having invented techniques to both humanize (1986) and, later, to fully humanize using phage display, antibodies for therapeutic uses.[5][8][9][10][11][12][13] Previously, antibodies had been derived from mice, which made them difficult to use in human therapeutics because the human immune system had anti-mouse reactions to them.[6][14][15][16][17][18] For these developments Winter was awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with George Smith and Frances Arnold.[19][20]

He is a Fellow of

Medical Research Council, acting Director from 2007 to 2008 and Head of the Division of Protein and Nucleic Acids Chemistry from 1994 to 2006. He was also Deputy Director of the MRC Centre for Protein Engineering from 1990 to its closure in 2010.[21][22]

Education

Winter was educated at the

Bacillus stearothermophilus in 1977[23] supervised by Brian S. Hartley.[24] Later, Winter completed a term of post-doctoral fellowship at Imperial College London, and another at the Institute of genetics in University of Cambridge.[25]

Career and research

Following his PhD, Winter completed

Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge.[26][27] He continued to specialise in protein and nucleic acid sequencing and became a Group Leader at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in 1981. He became interested in the idea that all antibodies have the same basic structure, with only small changes making them specific for one target. Georges J. F. Köhler and César Milstein had won the 1984 Nobel Prize for their work at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology, in discovering a method to isolate and reproduce individual, or monoclonal, antibodies from among the multitude of different antibody proteins that the immune system makes to seek and destroy foreign invaders attacking the body.[28]
These monoclonal antibodies had limited application in human medicine, because mouse monoclonal antibodies are rapidly inactivated by the human immune response, which prevents them from providing long-term benefits.

Winter pioneered a technique to "humanise" mouse monoclonal antibodies; a technique used in the development of Campath-1H  by the Laboratory of Molecular Biology and University of Cambridge scientists.[29] This antibody now looks promising for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Humanized monoclonal antibodies form the majority of antibody-based drugs on the market today and include several blockbuster antibodies, such as Keytruda.

Winter founded Cambridge Antibody Technology in 1989,[30][31] and Bicycle Therapeutics.[32][33] He worked on the Scientific Advisory Board of Covagen,[34][35] (now part of Cilag) and is also the chairman of the Scientific Advisory Board for Biosceptre International Limited.

In 1989, Winter was a founder of

TNF alpha, was the world's first fully human antibody,[36] which went on to become the world's top selling pharmaceutical with sales of over $18Bn in 2017[37] Cambridge Antibody Technology was acquired by AstraZeneca in 2006 for £702m.[38]

In 2000, Winter founded Domantis to pioneer the use of domain antibodies, which use only the active portion of a full-sized antibody. Domantis was acquired by the pharmaceutical

GlaxoSmithKline in December 2006 for £230 million.[4][39]

Winter subsequently founded another company, Bicycle Therapeutics Limited as a start up company which is developing very small protein mimics based on a covalently bonded hydrophobic core.[40]

Awards and honours

Greg Winter during Nobel press conference in Stockholm, December 2018

Winter was elected a

Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1990[41] and awarded the Royal Medal by the society in 2011 "for his pioneering work in protein engineering and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, and his contributions as an inventor and entrepreneur".[42] He was given the Scheele Award
in 1994.

In 1995, Winter won several international awards including the

Master of Trinity College, Cambridge from 2012 to 2019.[45][46] In 2015 he received the Wilhelm Exner Medal.[47]

Along with

George Smith, Winter was awarded half of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry on 3 October 2018 for his work on phage displays for antibodies (while Frances Arnold received the other half of the prize that same year "for the directed evolution of enzymes").[19] In 2020 he was featured on The Times' 'Science Power List'.[48][49]

References

  1. ^ "EMBO MEMBER: Gregory P. Winter". people.embo.org.
  2. ^ "Doctor Gregory P. WINTER | Jeantet". 1 October 2017.
  3. ^ "Announcement of the Prince Mahidol Award 2016". princemahidolaward.org. Archived from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
  4. ^ a b "GSK snaps up Domantis to move into biotech field". The Independent. 9 December 2006.
  5. ^ a b The Scientific Founders Archived 13 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine of Bicycle Therapeutics Ltd. – Christian Heinis and Sir Greg Winter, FRS.
  6. ^ a b c "WINTER, Sir Gregory (Paul)". Who's Who. Vol. 2016 (online Oxford University Press ed.). A & C Black. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  7. ^ "Sir Gregory P. Winter – Facts – 2018". NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB. 6 October 2018. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  8. S2CID 4258014
    .
  9. ^ "Trinity College Cambridge". Archived from the original on 6 March 2012.
  10. ^ Gregory Winter's publications indexed by the Scopus bibliographic database. (subscription required)
  11. PMID 8011287
    .
  12. PMID 8045255
    .
  13. PMID 1908075
    .
  14. S2CID 205275386
    .
  15. S2CID 4312205. Closed access icon
  16. S2CID 8051512. Closed access icon
  17. S2CID 4335569. Closed access icon
  18. PMID 1748994. Closed access icon
  19. ^ a b "Live blog: direction evolution takes chemistry Nobel prize". Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  20. ^ "Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018 – live". The Guardian. 3 October 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  21. ^ "Sir Gregory Winter Chairman". Archived from the original on 29 January 2012.
  22. ^ "Greg Winter wins 2018 Nobel Prize for Chemistry – MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology". MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology. 3 October 2018. Retrieved 7 October 2018.
  23. EThOS uk.bl.ethos.477727
    .
  24. S2CID 39202845
    .
  25. ^ "King Faisal Prize | Professor Sir Gregory P. Winter". kingfaisalprize.org. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
  26. ^ "Scientific Advisory Board". Heptares. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
  27. ^ Gregory Winter publications indexed by Google Scholar Edit this at Wikidata
  28. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1984". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 7 October 2018.
  29. ^ "Therapeutic Antibodies – MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology". MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology. Retrieved 7 October 2018.
  30. ^ "Greg Winter". MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology.
  31. ^ "Sir Gregory Winter | Royal Society".
  32. ^ Gregory Winter (8 May 2001). "Gregory Winter: Executive Profile & Biography – Businessweek". Bloomberg BusinessWeek. Retrieved 5 April 2013.[dead link]
  33. ^ "www.bicycletherapeutics.com". bicycletherapeutics.com. 10 December 2012. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
  34. ^ "Covagen AG | September 2011: Sir Gregory Winter joins Covagen's Scientific Advisory Board". Covagen.com. 20 September 2011. Archived from the original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
  35. ^ "Covagen AG | Scientific Advisory Board". Covagen.com. Archived from the original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
  36. S2CID 205266758. Closed access icon
  37. ^ "Global Pharmaceutical 2017 Industry Statistics" (PDF). Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  38. ^ http://www.astrazeneca.com/media/latest-press-releases/2006/5266?itemId=3891617 Archived 2 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  39. ^ GSK is to buy Domantis – a company based on discoveries by MRC scientists Archived 16 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine LMB webpage
  40. PMID 19483697. Closed access icon
  41. ^ "Sir Gregory Winter CBE FMedSci FRS". London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015.
  42. ^ "Royal Society announces 2011 Copley Medal recipient". Royal Society. Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
  43. ^ "LMB Structure". Archived from the original on 23 February 2008.
  44. ^ "Advisory Council of the Campaign for Science and Engineering". Archived from the original on 28 August 2010. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
  45. ^ "Sir Gregory Winter CBE FRS appointed Master of Trinity College, Cambridge University". 10 Downing Street. 16 December 2011. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
  46. ^ "Master of Trinity College, Cambridge &' events". University of Cambridge. Archived from the original on 12 July 2012. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
  47. ^ Sir Gregory Winter, retrieved on 17 March 2020 in Wilhelmexner.org
  48. ISSN 0140-0460
    . Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  49. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018". Retrieved 9 September 2023.

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External links

Scholia has an author profile for Gregory Winter.
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