Gremialismo
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Gremialismo, or guildism, is a social, political, and economic ideology, inspired in the
Catholic social teachings that claims that every correct social order should base itself in intermediary societies between persons and the state, which are created and managed in freedom, and that the order should serve only the purposes for which they were created.[1]
History
In
Catholic University of Chile
. Thus, it opposed the left and the center.
The principal thinker of gremialism was a lawyer and professor who was later a Pinochet advisor, Jaime Guzmán.[citation needed]
There has been a dispute on whether or not gremialismo thought has been influenced by Juan Vázquez de Mella.[2]
The gremialist Javier Leturia wrote about the origins of the movement:[3]
- We [the gremialistas] were orderly, we were those that were not coup. We published a manifesto in the newspaper that read: "Towards a new institutionality through the renounce of Allende." [...] What we said was that the crisis was insurmountable and that the only solution was to have the armed forces take charge. We drafted that manifesto as university students, and it was signed by student unions from the Catholic universitiesof Santiago and Valparaíso, which were headed by gremialists. I would say that from the moment Allende was elected, many began to support a coup. I mean that we were not going to accept for this country to fall into communism.
Role in military dictatorship youth policy
One of the first measures of the
1973 coup d'etat was to set up the Secretaría Nacional de la Juventud (SNJ, National Youth Office), which was done on October 28, 1973, even before the Declaration of Principles of the junta made in March 1974. It was a way of mobilizing sympathetic elements of the civil society in support for the dictatorship. The SNJ was created by the advice of Jaime Guzmán and was an example of the dictatorship adopting gremialism.[3] Some right-wing student union leaders like Andrés Allamand were skeptical to the attempts as they were moulded from above and gathered disparate figures such as Miguel Kast, Antonio Vodanovic and Jaime Guzmán. Allamand and other young right-wingers also resented the dominance of gremialism in the SNJ since they considered it to be a closed gremialist club.[4]
From 1975 to 1980, the SNJ arranged
forced disappearances that dissident youth faced from the regime. Most of the SJN's documents were reportedly destroyed by the dictatorship in 1988.[3]
References
- ^ "El Gremialismo y su postura universitaria en 27 preguntas y respuestas" (mayo de 1980).
- ^ Díaz Nieva, José (2008). "Influencias de Juan Vázquez de Mella sobre Jaime Guzmán" (PDF). Verbo (in Spanish). 467–468: 661–670. Retrieved 11 October 2015.
- ^ . Retrieved December 4, 2017.
- ISBN 978-956-239-078-1.