Grewia

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Grewia
Crossberry (Grewia occidentalis)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Subfamily: Grewioideae
Genus: Grewia
L.
Species

Numerous, see text or Complete list

Synonyms
  • Arsis Lour.
  • Balmeda Steud.
  • Chadara Forsk.
  • Chadra T.Anders. (orth. var.)
  • Charadra Scop. (orth. var.)
  • Fallopia Lour. (non Adans.: preoccupied)
  • Graevia Neck.
  • Greuia Stokes. (orth. var.)
  • Grevia L. (orth. var.)
  • Inodapnhis[verification needed] Miq.
  • Mallococca J.R.Forster & G.Forster
  • Sasali Adans.
  • Syphomeris Steud
  • Tridermia Rafin.
  • Vincentia Boj.
  • Vinticena Steud.
  • Viticena Benth. (orth. var.)
[1]
Grewia damine flowers in Hyderabad
, India
Grewia flavescens flowers in Hyderabad
Grewia tiliaefolia flowers in Hyderabad

Grewia

monophyletic with respect to other Malvales - as already indicated by the uncertainties surrounding placement of Grewia and similar genera - and have thus been merged into the Malvaceae. Together with the bulk of the former Sparrmanniaceae, Grewia is in the subfamily Grewioideae and therein the tribe Grewieae, of which it is the type genus.[2]

The genus was named by

anatomists and microscope researchers of his time, and his study of pollen laid the groundwork for modern-day palynology
.

Ecology and uses

Several

.

The

phalsa (G. asiatica). Its larvae are parasitoids of other insects - possibly pests
of the plant, but this is not known for sure.

Several species, namely phalsa, are known for their edible fruit, which are of local commercial importance. The

psychoactive
has not been thoroughly studied.

In Myanmar, the bark of the Grewia tree is mixed with the soapy kinpun (Senegalia rugata) fruit and sometimes lime to make the traditional shampoo tayaw kinpun,[4] which remains widely used by the Burmese people and commonly sold in the country's open-air markets, typically in plastic bags.[5][6]

Explorer Ludwig Leichhardt described preparing a refreshing drink from the seeds of native Australian species G. polygama.[7]

Selected species

Formerly placed here

Some species once placed in Grewia (or genera synonymous with it) have since been moved elsewhere, particularly to Microcos:[11]

Kleinhovia hospita
was formerly known as Grewia meyeniana

Footnotes

  1. ^ Hinsley (2008a)
  2. ^ Heywood et al. (2007)
  3. ^ Brown (2001)
  4. ^ Yadu (31 August 2019). "မှေးမှိန်လာနေတဲ့ တရော်ကင်ပွန်းသုံးစွဲခြင်း အလေ့အထ". The Myanmar Times (in Burmese). Archived from the original on 20 February 2021. Retrieved 2 August 2022.
  5. ^ "Myanmar Shampoo". www.myanmars.net. 13 November 2018. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 2 August 2022.
  6. ^ "Yan Win (Taung Da Gar) – Myanmar Shampoo". THIT HTOO LWIN (Daily News) (in Burmese). 16 April 2011. Archived from the original on 8 September 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2022.
  7. ^ Maiden, Joseph H. (1889). The useful native plants of Australia : Including Tasmania. Turner and Henderson, Sydney. p. 34.
  8. ^ Barrett, R. L. (2019). Three new species of Corchorus L. and Grewia L. (Sparmanniaceae / Malvaceae subfamily Grewioideae) from northern Australia, an earlier name in Grewia, and recircumscription of Triumfetta kenneallyi Halford Austrobaileya 10(3): 458–472 (2019).
  9. ^ Kristy Sexton-McGrath (2019-09-09). "'Dog's balls' shrub to be recognised as a new species, but colloquial name to remain". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 2019-09-09.
  10. ^ Bussmann, R. W., et al. (2006). Plant use of the Maasai of Sekenani Valley, Maasai Mara, Kenya. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2 22.
  11. ^ Hinsley (2008a), USDA (2008a)
  12. ^ Hinsley (2008b)

References

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