Grigol Peradze

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Grigol Peradze
Auschwitz Concentration Camp
, German-occupied Poland
Honored inEastern Orthodox Church
FeastDecember 6

Grigol Peradze (

theologian, historian, and professor of patristics in the interwar period
.

After providing help to Jews in Poland, he was arrested and sent to Auschwitz, where he was ultimately killed. He was canonized by the Eastern Orthodox Church as a martyr in 1995 and is celebrated on December 6.

Life and works

The interior of the Orthodox chapel of St. Grigol Peradze, part of the Warsaw Icon Museum.
Peradze on a 2022 Georgian stamp.

Grigol Peradze was born in the village of

Tbilisi Theological Seminary
.

In 1918 Peradze graduated near the top of his class, and afterwards studied at the Tbilisi State University until 1921. In the years 1919–21 he also served in the army. He fought against the Bolsheviks in defense of the Democratic Republic of Georgia. Later, for a short time he was a teacher in a small village near Gori.[3]

On 25 February 1921 Georgia was occupied by Soviet Russia. Grigol Peradze went into exile in Germany in November the same year. However, he would retain the fallen government's

Soviet takeover, Peradze had actually secured legal permission to leave the country through the efforts of one of his former professors. Despite this, he was twice refused permission to return to Georgia in 1921 and 1927. Upon the last rejection he wrote "do not know why. I do not belong to political parties. I have not worked against the Soviet government. My goal was always and is the service of our science and culture." Thus, he became effectively a stateless person, traveling on a Nansen passport.[4][5][1] After the annexation of Georgia, he was threatened with imprisonment, so the Georgian Orthodox Church sent Grigoli to the village of Mankhi in Kakheti as a teacher.[6]

In ordinary times Peradze would have studied in Russia; this route was now closed to him, and other talented students; the Church sought to send students to come to

Potsdam, Johannes Lepsius, through the German ambassador to Georgia.[4] Grigol was able to study in Berlin and later Bonn. In 1926 he graduated from the University of Bonn (Germany). In December 1927 he received a PhD degree in history (the title of his PhD thesis was History of the Georgian Monasticism from its creation until 1064).[7]

From 1927 to 1932 Peradze was an associate professor at the University of Bonn. From 1933 to 1942 he was a professor of

Around

liturgy on 31 May. In the same year he began to publish a Georgian scientific journal titled Jvari Vazisa ("Cross of Vine"). On 5 January 1934, again at Holy Wisdom, he was raised to the rank of archimandrite in recognition of his pastoral work with the Georgian community.[8][3]

In the 1930s, Peradze discovered numerous important written manuscripts of Georgian Christian culture in Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Germany, and Austria (Georgian manuscripts of the Typicon of the Georgian

University of Leipzig, Germany, etc.). During this time, Peradze lived in a small apartment in Warsaw's Praga District at Brukowa 22 Street (today Okrzei Street), where he kept his large collection of Georgian antiquities.[9]

The

Nazi concentration camp of Auschwitz (Oświęcim) when he took the blame for the murder of a German officer to spare his fellow prisoners, or, according to another report, when he entered a gas chamber in the place of a Jewish prisoner who had a large family.[11]

Peradze is commemorated by his memorial chapel in Warsaw, a museum in his hometown, memorial plaques at the University of Warsaw and on St. George's Church, Bakurtsikhe, where he was baptized.[12]

His main fields of scientific activity were the history of the

Georgian Orthodox and Apostolic Church, source studies of the history of Georgia and the Georgian Church, patrology, history of Georgian literature, Rustavelology
, etc.

Grigol Peradze was canonized by the Georgian Orthodox Church in September 1995.

Old Style). In 2013, he was posthumously awarded the title and Order of the National Hero of Georgia.[14]

Works

  • Die Anfänge des Mönchtums in Georgien.- "Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte", 47, Heft 1, Stuttgart, 1928, pp. 34–75 (in German)
  • L'activité littéraire des moines géorgiens au monastère d'Iviron au mont Athos.- "Revue d'histoire ecclésiastique", 23, Fasc. 3, Paris, 1927, pp. 530–539 (in French)
  • Über das georgische Mönchtum.- "Internationale Kirchliche Zeitschrift", 34, Heft 3, Bern, 1926, pp. 152–168 (in German)
  • Die Probleme der ältesten Kirchengeschichte Georgiens.- "Oriens Christianus", 29, Bd. 7, Wiesbaden, 1932, pp. 153–171 (in German)
  • Zur vorbyzantinischen Liturgie Georgiens.- "Le Muséon", 42, Fasc. 2, Louvain, 1929, pp. 90–99 (in German)
  • Les Monuments liturgiques prébyzantins en langue géorgienne.- "Le Muséon", 45, Fasc. 4, Louvain, 1932, pp. 255–272 (in French)
  • The Liturgy of Saint Peter.- "Kyrios", 2, Fasc. 3, 1937, pp. 260–262
  • An Account of the Georgian Monks and Monasteries in Palestine as revealed in the Writings of Nongeorgian Pilgrims.- "Georgica", 2, Vol. 4–5, London, 1937, pp. 181–246
  • Über die Georgischen Handschriften in Österreich.- "Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes", 47, Heft 3–4, Wien, 1940, pp. 219–232 (in German)
  • Im Dienste der Georgischen Kultur.- "Aus der Welt des Ostens", Königsberg, 1940, pp. 30–50 (in German)
  • Irakli Jinjolava
    : The Ecumenical Vocation of the Orthodox Church According to the Georgian Theologian and Saint Priest-Martyr Grigol Peradze. In: Ostkirchliche Studien 65 (2016) S. 237–270.
  • Irakli Jinjolava: A Portrait of Grigol Peradze Against the Background of the Ecumenical Vocation in the Orthodox Church. In: Pro Georgia, 2019, t. 29, s. 287–291.

References

  1. ^ a b "Თამარ ჭუმბურიძე – გრიგოლ ფერაძის ცხოვრების გზა". wordpress. 12 September 2009.
  2. ^ "Nieznany polski święty. Żywot i obywatelstwo Grzegorza Peradze". teologiapolityczna.pl. 14 February 2018.
  3. ^ a b "75 lat temu w Auschwitz zginął prawosławny męczennik św. Grzegorz Peradze".
  4. ^ a b Григорий (Перадзе Григол Раманозович). Saint Tikhon's Orthodox University
  5. ^ Maria Przełomiec (2018). "Gruziński Kolbe". przewodnik-katolicki.pl.
  6. ^ a b "Როგორ შევიდა ტყვედ ჩავარდნილი გრიგოლ ფერაძე გაზის კამერაში ებრაელი მრავალშვილიანი მამის ნაცვლად". tbiliselebi.ge. 22 December 2017.
  7. ^ "ჩემი პატრიარქი – ბექა მინდიაშვილი – მატიანე". Matiane.wordpress.com. 22 October 2009. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  8. ^ a b Jaroslaw Charkiewicz (30 December 2004). "Świadkowie XX wieku – Grzegorz Peradze". Kosciol.pl.
  9. ^ Joanna Kiwilsz (2011). "Święty archimandryta Grzegorz Peradze". Nowa Gazeta Praska.
  10. ^ "Lukas Vischer: A Georgian Saint: Grigol Peradze (1899–1942)". geocities.com. Archived from the original on 29 July 2009. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  11. ^ Archpriest Zakaria Machitadze, Lives of the Georgian Saints, trans. David and Lauren Elizabeth Ninoshvili and ed. Lado Mirianashvili and the St. Herman of Alaska Brotherhood (Platina, Cal.: St. Herman of Alaska Brotherhood, 2006), 424–426.
  12. ^ "W Bakurciche upamiętniono św. Grzegorza Peradze i gruzińskich oficerów WP". dzieje.pl. 13 September 2017.
  13. ^ "Father Archimandrite Grigol Peradze" (PDF). Pro-Georgia, Journal of Kartvelological Studies. Centre for East European Studies, Oriental Institute, University of Warsaw. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
  14. ^ "Mikheil Saakashvili – Georgia will not kneel, or lick the conqueror's boots". InterPressNews. 26 October 2013. Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2015.

Further reading

  • Victor Nozadze. "Grigol Peradze".- Georgian journal "Mamuli", Buenos-Aires, No 5, 1952
  • Tamar Dularidze. About the life and death of Grigol Peradze.- "Russkaia Misl", New York, 13–19. VII, 1995 (In Russian)
  • "Artanuji" (The Georgian historical scientific journal), Tbilisi, No 11, 2003 (Special issue: Grigol Peradze), 120 pp (In Georgian)
  • David Kolbaia (editor) "St. Grigol (Peradze) works nr 1, in: Pro Georgia Journal of Kartvelological Studies nr 13, 200.
  • Irakli Jinjolava: The Ecumenical Vocation of the Orthodox Church According to the Georgian Theologian and Saint Priest-Martyr Grigol Peradze. In: Ostkirchliche Studien 65 (2016) S. 237–270.

External links