Grigoris Lambrakis

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Grigoris Lambrakis
Member of the Hellenic Parliament
In office
1961–1963
ConstituencyPiraeus
Personal details
Born(1912-04-03)3 April 1912
Gynecologist

Grigoris Lambrakis (

anti-war activist
. His assassination by right-wing zealots that were covertly supported by the police and military provoked mass protests and led to a political crisis.

Early life

Lambrakis was born in the village of

University of Athens
.

Lambrakis was a champion athlete throughout his life. He held the Greek record for

Balkan Games, which took place annually, featuring competitors from Greece, Albania, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Romania, and Turkey. He competed in the men's long jump and the men's triple jump at the 1936 Summer Olympics.[1]

During the

Greek Resistance
. In 1943 he set up the Union of Greek Athletes (Ένωση των Ελλήνων Αθλητών, Enosi ton Ellínon Athlitón) and organized regular competitions. He used the revenue from these games to fund public food-banks for the starving population.

Postwar activism

After World War II, Lambrakis completed his medical studies and worked as a lecturer in the Department of gynaecology.[2] He continued to help the poor by running a small private clinic for patients who were unable to afford medical care.

While not a

Greek military junta of 1967-1974. He was elected to the Hellenic Parliament in the 1961 Greek legislative election as a Piraeus MP.[3]

That same year (1961), under his initiative, the Commission for International Détente and Peace (Eπιτροπή για την Διεθνή Ύφεση και Ειρήνη — Epitropí gia ti Diethní Ýfesi ke Iríni — EDYE) was established in Greece. In his capacity as Vice President of EDYE, Lambrakis participated in international pacifist meetings and demonstrations despite frequent threats against his life. EDYE was an organization set up by EDA which while not officially aligned to the World Council of Peace broadly supported its anti-capitalist and anti-imperialist position. EDA had ceded Lambrakis full freedom to represent the Commission and he soon emerged as its most articulate and determined leader.

Atomic Weapons Research Establishment
(AWRE). Soon afterward, he too was arrested by the police.

Assassination

On 22 May 1963, shortly after he had delivered the keynote speech at an anti-war meeting in Thessaloniki, two far-right extremists, Emannouel Emannouilides and Spyros Gotzamanis, driving a three-wheeled vehicle, struck Lambrakis with a club over the head in plain view of a large number of people and (allegedly) some police officers. He suffered brain injuries and died in the hospital five days later, on 27 May. The two men were arrested because of the reaction of a by-stander (Manolis Hatziapostolou, nicknamed Tiger) who jumped on their vehicle and fought with them.

Events following his assassination

The next day, in Athens, his funeral became a massive demonstration. More than 500,000 people rallied to protest against the right-wing government and the Royal Court, seen by many to support the activities of the right-wing extremists. The assassination of Lambrakis initiated an enormous popular reaction, and soon after, investigator Christos Sartzetakis, district attorney Nikos Athanasopoulos and attorney general P. Delaportas uncovered connections of the police and army, including the Gendarmerie commander for Northern Greece, Konstantinos Mitsou, and various local police officers, like Kapelonis and Katsoulis, to far-right extremists.[5]

The judges lost their jobs during the

military dictatorship of 1967
. Christos Sartzetakis was also imprisoned for a year during the dictatorship. The two murderers were released, while members of the conspiracy were favored.

Sartzetakis, although a royalist himself, became a symbol of integrity for his handling of the investigation.

The events that followed the assassination of Lambrakis led to rapid political developments. Prime Minister Konstantinos Karamanlis resigned and left for Paris in July 1963. Soon thereafter, thousands of Greek youth founded a new political organisation called the Lambrakis Democratic Youth (Δημοκρατική Νεολαία Λαμπράκη, Dimokratikí Neoléa Lambráki). Mikis Theodorakis, one of Lambrakis' friends and fellow activists, was elected its first president. This leftist political organisation played a decisive role in Greece's progressive movement of the 1960s. In 1966 a 'Greek Democratic Youth of Australia Lambrakis' was formed in all capitals of the States of Australia by young Greek workers and students.

Legacy

The life and death of Grigoris Lambrakis inspired the author Vassilis Vassilikos to write the political novel "Z". The title stands for the first letter of the Greek word "Zi" ("[He] Lives!"), a popular graffito which began to appear on the walls of the buildings of the Greek cities in the 1960s, illustrating the growing protest against the conditions that led to the assassination of Lambrakis. In 1969, the Greek-French film director Costa-Gavras (Κώστας Γαβράς) made the film Z, which was a great success.[6] Yves Montand starred as Lambrakis, Jean-Louis Trintignant as investigator Sartzetakis and Irene Papas as Lambrakis' widow.

Mikis Theodorakis in 1962 presented his work Énas Omiros (A Hostage), a music score for a Greek performance of The Hostage (play) by Brendan Behan. The piece To Yelasto Pedi (The Smiling Kid) was considered to be a tribute to Lambrakis, and as such was also used in the film Z.

Lambrakis remained in the hearts of the Greek people as a national symbol of democracy, representing the struggle against political repression, Royal Court scandal, and international dependence. After the fall of

football stadium in Kallithea
and streets and squares throughout the country, have been named in honor of Grigoris Lambrakis.

The Marathon Peace Rally became an annual event in Lambrakis' memory. Also, the Athens Classic Marathon is run in memory of Grigoris Lambrakis every November.

See also

References

  1. ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Grigoris Lambrakis Olympic Results". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
  2. PMID 27598961.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  3. – via Project MUSE.
  4. .
  5. ^ Gkotzaridis, Evi (December 2017) "Who Really Rules this Country!' Collusion between State and Deep State in post-Civil War Greece and the Murder of Independent MP Grigorios Lambrakis. 1958-1963," DIPLOMACY & STATECRAFT, 28 (4): 646-673.
  6. ^ Ebert, Roger (30 December 1969). "Z". The Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on 28 September 2012. Retrieved 20 March 2022.

Further reading

  • Panos Trigazis, Lambrakis & the Peace Movement: The Greek May of 1963, Spokesman Books, 2014.

External links