Group 13 hydride

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Group 13 hydrides are

group 13-hydrogen bonds (elements of group 13: boron, aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium, and nihonium).[1]

Trihydrides

The simplest series has the chemical formula XH3, with X representing any of the boron family.

Compound Chemical formula Geometry Model
boron trihydride
hydrogen boride
(borane)
BH3
aluminium trihydride
hydrogen aluminide
(alumane)
(alane)
AlH3
gallium trihydride
hydrogen gallide
(gallane)
GaH3
indium trihydride
hydrogen indigide
(indigane)
InH3
thallium trihydride
hydrogen thallide
(thallane)
TlH3
nihonium trihydride
hydrogen nihonide
(nihonane)
NhH3

The great variety of boranes show a huge covalent cluster chemistry, but the heavier group 13 hydrides do not. Despite their formulae, however, they tend to form polymers. Alane(aluminum trihydride) is a strong reducing agent with octahedrally coordinated aluminium atoms. Gallane is even harder to synthesise and decomposes to gallium and hydrogen at room temperature. Indigane and thallane are too unstable to exist for any significant time when not coordinated.[2]

Simple MH3 group 13 hydrides have a

trigonal pyramidal geometry of the pnictogen hydrides which are sp3 hybridized and contain a non-bonding
lone pair of electrons.

All group 13 hydrides have their

anions
such as BH4− and AlH4−.

Hexahydrides

This series has the chemical formula X2H6.

Compound Chemical formula Geometry Model
Diborane
B2H6
Dialane
Al2H6
Digallane
Ga2H6
Diindigane
In2H6
Dithallane
Tl2H6
Dinihonane
Nh2H6

References

  1. ISSN 1460-4744
    .
  2. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8
    .


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