Grupo Colina

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The Grupo Colina (Spanish for "hill group") was a military

anti-communist death squad created in Peru that was active from 1990 until 1994, during the administration of president Alberto Fujimori. The group committed several human rights abuses, including an eight-month period of 1991–1992 that saw a total of 34 people killed in the Barrios Altos massacre, the Santa massacre, the Pativilca massacre [es], and the La Cantuta massacre

Background

In 1980, Peruvian

This war, as well as a war launched by the leftist group known as the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement

continued into the 1990s, when Alberto Fujimori was elected president. It was then that suspected guerrillas and civilians began dying at the hands of Grupo Colina.

The Grupo Colina, under the mandate of Fujimori, victimized trade unions and activists that spoke out against the Peruvian government, by intimidation or sometimes murder.[1]

Investigations

When the

Democratic Constitutional Congress investigated the La Cantuta massacre, Nicolás Hermoza Ríos, Commander General of the Armed Forces, put tanks

on the streets and declared that he would not tolerate the Congress insulting the armed forces. The Congress largely backed down.

Later, some members of Grupo Colina were put on trial. Fujimori signed a controversial law that granted amnesty to anyone accused of, tried for, convicted of, or sentenced for human rights violations that were committed by the armed forces or police. When a court found this law unconstitutional, Fujimori signed a new law removing the right of judicial review over amnesty laws. This second law was known as the "Barrios Altos Law" because it ensured that those members of Grupo Colina who committed the Barrios Altos massacre would be freed. Eventually, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights struck down both amnesty laws.

Since the collapse of the Fujimori government, several people have been tried for Grupo Colina's crimes,

drug trafficking, and political corruption. The operational chief of Grupo Colina, Santiago Martín Rivas

, is also imprisoned.

See also

Rodrigo Franco Command

Notes

^ Barbier, Chrystelle (6 September 2011). "Victims of Alberto Fujimori's death squads unearthed in Peru". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
^ La Rue, Alan (8 December 2008). ""Kerosene" says former anti-corruption prosecutor pressured him to implicate Fujimori in death squad massacres". Peruvian Times. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
^ Sentencia Caso La Cantuta (Julio Ronald Salazar Monroe y otros) Archived 28 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish)

External links

Amnesty International report on Peru.
APRODEH. The La Cantuta Case.
APRODEH. The Barrios Altos Case.
APRODEH. Basements of the SIE.
APRODEH. The Santa Case.
APRODEH. The Yauri Case.
APDODEH. The Ventocilla Case.
Truth and Reconciliation Commission.El Destacamento Colina.

Participants			Timeline	Key aspects

			1968 Peruvian coup d'état Revolutionary Government Founding of the Shining Path Limazo Tacnazo Chuschi ballot burning incident Deng Xiaoping's dogs incident Assault of Ayacucho prison 1983 Lucanamarca massacre Putis massacre Accomarca massacre Peruvian prison massacres 1986 Soviet embassy attack in Lima Aucayacu massacre Assassination of Juan Carlos Vega Llona 1987 North Korean embassy attack in Lima 1989 Callao bombing Three Martyrs of Chimbote Barrios Altos massacre 1992 Peruvian self-coup 1992 Bolivian embassy attack in Lima 1992 Peruvian embassy attack in Stockholm Santa massacre Frecuencia Latina bombing Tarata bombing La Cantuta massacre Japanese embassy hostage crisis Operation Chavín de Huántar Locumba uprising 2001 Peru shootdown 2002 Lima bombing Andahuaylazo Hatun Asha ambush Founding of the MPCP San Miguel del Ene attack Operation Patriot	Government policies and actions Peruvian Agrarian Reform Judiciary reform in Peru under Alberto Fujimori Economic policy of the Alberto Fujimori administration National Population Program Forced sterilization in Peru Truth and Reconciliation Commission Arrest and trial of Alberto Fujimori Illegal drug trade Illegal drug trade in Peru War on drugs Narcoterrorism Coca eradication Operation Snowcap Related Cold War Terruqueo San Cristóbal of Huamanga University VRAEM Huallaga River Women in the internal conflict in Peru
Shining Path and remnants	Government of Peru	MRTA
Communist Party of Peru – Shining Path Militarized Communist Party of Peru Huallaga Faction (until 2012) Red Mantaro Base Committee FARC-EP in Peru Ethnocacerist Movement Plurinational Association of Reservists of the Tahuantinsuyo Linked to Libya (until 2011) Hezbollah MOVADEF FUDEPP International Communist League Revolutionary Internationalist Movement (until 2012) FARC dissidents United Democratic Andean Revolutionary Front of Peru Peruvian drug traffickers	Peruvian Armed Forces: Army Air Force Navy Peruvian Marines National Police Sinchis National Intelligence Service Other: Rondas campesinas Sole National Central of Peasant Rounds of Peru Grupo Colina Rodrigo Franco Command Linked to United States DEA China Colombia Cuba North Korea Russia Spain Soviet Union (until 1991)	Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (until 1997) Linked to Cuba Libya Nicaragua Sandinista National Liberation Front Soviet Union (until 1991) 19th of April Movement Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front

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