Gs alpha subunit
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The Gs alpha subunit (Gαs, Gsα) is a subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein Gs that stimulates the cAMP-dependent pathway by activating adenylyl cyclase. Gsα is a GTPase that functions as a cellular signaling protein. Gsα is the founding member of one of the four families of heterotrimeric G proteins, defined by the alpha subunits they contain: the Gαs family, Gαi/Gαo family, Gαq family, and Gα12/Gα13 family.[5] The Gs-family has only two members: the other member is Golf, named for its predominant expression in the olfactory system. In humans, Gsα is encoded by the GNAS complex locus, while Golfα is encoded by the GNAL gene.
Function
The general function of Gs is to activate
Although each GTP-bound Gsα can activate only one adenylyl cyclase enzyme, amplification of the signal occurs because one receptor can activate multiple copies of Gs while that receptor remains bound to its activating agonist, and each Gsα-bound adenylyl cyclase enzyme can generate substantial cAMP to activate many copies of PKA.[8]
Receptors
The G protein-coupled receptors that couple to the Gs family proteins include:
- 5-HT receptors types 5-HT4 and 5-HT7
- ACTH receptor a.k.a. MC2R
- A2b
- Arginine vasopressin receptor 2
- Calcitonin receptor
- Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor
- Cannabinoid receptor 2[9]
- Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor
- FSH-receptor
- Gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor
- Glucagon receptor
- Growth-hormone-releasing hormone receptor
- Histamine H2 receptor
- Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor
- MC5R
- olfactory neurons
- Parathyroid hormone receptor 1
- Prostaglandin receptor types D2 and I2
- Secretin receptor
- Thyrotropin receptor
- Trace amine-associated receptor 1
See also
- Second messenger system
- G protein-coupled receptor
- Heterotrimeric G protein
- Adenylyl cyclase
- Protein kinase A
- Gi alpha subunit
- Gq alpha subunit
- G12/G13 alpha subunits
References
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000087460 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027523 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- S2CID 33620092.
- ^ S2CID 33992382.
- ^ S2CID 11025853.
- ISBN 978-0-87893-697-7.
- PMID 32259074.
External links
- G(s)alpha at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- GNAS+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P63092 (Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short) at the PDBe-KB.
