Guran (tribe)
Guran (or Goran;
: 84Name
In both
A separate word pronounced Gūrān also exists; it refer to the social class of peasants.
History
Minorsky identified a possible ancient reference to the Guran in a passage written by
According to Minorsky, the origins of the Guran were likely somewhere in the Caspian provinces.[4]: 86 For example, the 7th-century king of Tabaristan, Gil Gavbara, had a similarly derived name, and Hamdallah Mustawfi also mentioned a plain called Gavbari near the Kur estuary, where the medieval town of Mahmudabad was built.[4]: 86
The name "
An early reference to the Guran may be in the works of the late 9th-century geographer
The Guran appear frequently in the annals of the
A later description of these events, by the anonymous author of the 12th-century Mujmal al-tavārīkh, consistently uses the modern name Gūrānān instead of Jūraqān and also adds that the Guran had been the closest to Badr of all his allied tribes before turning against him and killing him.[4]: 82–3 Minorsky noted the Mujmal's detail that the Guran killed Badr with javelins, a weapon historically associated with the Daylamites of the Caspian region.[4]: 83
Several events in
Around 1343, the Guran are mentioned in
In the introduction to his 1596
According to Henry Rawlinson, the Kalhur were deposed as rulers of the Zohab region by the Ottoman sultan Murad IV.[4]: 85 Murad then gave the region to the Bajilan, from near Mosul, who speak a dialect closely related to Gurani.[4]: 85
According to Minorsky, the Bajilan must have originally been a branch of the Guran who had settled in the Mosul region, and Murad was intending to "control the Guran through his own subjects" by putting the Bajilan in charge of them.[4]: 85 The Bajilan founded a new capital for themselves at Zohab on the outskirts of Guran territory.[4]: 85 Meanwhile, the Kalhur of Zohab "became absorbed in the Guran mass" - they became known as Guran themselves, and they split into three tribes: Qal'eh-Zanjir, Kerend, and Bevanij.[4]: 85 The Bajilan were later removed from power in the early 1800s by Muhammad Ali Mirza, governor of Kermanshah.[4]: 86 At this point, the Guran of Qal'eh-Zanjir assumed leadership, with their main residence at Gahvareh.[4]: 86
Subclans
The Guran tribe consist of the following clans:[5]
- Bivaniji
- Shwankare
- Tofanghchi
- Kerendi
- Yasemi
- Ghalkhani
- Ghale Zanjiri
See also
- Nirizhi
Sources
- ^ KURDISH TRIBES. Encyclopaedia Iranica.
- ISBN 9781850434160.
- ^ Edmonds, Cecil (1957). Kurds, Turks, and Arabs: politics, travel, and research in northeastern Iraq, 1919-1925. Oxford University Press.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as Minorsky, Vladimir (1943). "The Gūrān". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 11 (1): 75–103. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
- ^ "?" (in Persian). Archived from the original on 2017-02-10.