Guri Dam
Simón Bolívar Hydroelectric Plant Guri Dam | |
---|---|
Caroni River | |
Height | 162 m (531 ft) |
Length | 7,426 m (24,364 ft) |
Dam volume | Concrete: 6,026,000 m3 (212,806,182 cu ft) Earth: 23,801,000 m3 (840,524,383 cu ft) |
Spillway type | Service, controlled crest overflow |
Spillway capacity | 27,000 m3/s (953,496 cu ft/s) |
Reservoir | |
Creates | Guri Reservoir |
Total capacity | 135,000,000,000 m3 (109,446,281 acre⋅ft) |
Surface area | 4,250 km2 (1,641 sq mi) |
Power Station | |
Turbines | Francis Turbines.
10 × 725 GWh |
The Simón Bolívar Hydroelectric Plant, also Guri Dam (
The Guri Reservoir that supplies the dam is one of the largest on earth. The hydroelectric power station was once the largest worldwide in terms of installed capacity, replacing Grand Coulee HPP, but was surpassed by Brazil and Paraguay's Itaipu.[7]
History and design
Technical and economic feasibility studies were begun in 1961, conducted by the
Because the electricity demand grew so fast, 1976 saw the beginning of a second building stage: a 1300 m long gravity dam was built, another spillway channel and a second powerhouse containing 10 turbines of 725 MW each.[16] This increased the dam's dimensions to 162 m in height[17] and to 7426 m (according to other sources 11,409 m)[3] in crest length. The water level rose to 272 m[18]: 12 and the reservoir grew in size and volume to a capacity of 138 billion cubic m for flood storage or floodwater evacuation.[3] The structure was inaugurated on 8 November 1986.[19]
Since 2000, there is an ongoing refurbishment project to extend the operation of Guri Power Plant by 30 years. This project is to create 5 new runners and main components on Powerhouse II, and close to the end of 2007 is starting the rehabilitation of four units on Powerhouse I.[citation needed]
Generating failures and blackouts
2010
Due to government policy in effect from the 1960s to minimize power production from
2016
In April 2016, water levels again became low, and the government announced blackouts of 4 hours per day, for 40 days or until water levels stabilized.[22] Government employees were told not to come to work on Fridays, president Maduro urged women not to use hair dryers, and the electricity supplied to fifteen shopping malls was rationed.[23][24][25] Three days were added to the 2016 Easter national holiday, allowing for a one-week shutdown of public services and private businesses.[25]
2019
On 7 March 2019, shortly before 17:00 local time, the Simón Bolívar Hydroelectric Plant failed, leaving most of Venezuela's 32 million citizens in darkness.[26] In the days following the onset of the blackout, at least four attempts were made to restart the key San Gerónimo B substation, which distributes 80% of the country's electricity, but all failed, and no date was set for the plant's reactivation.[27] Government officials claim the blackout was "an act of sabotage", while experts attributed the failure to aging infrastructure and insufficient maintenance.[28]
See also
- Energy policy of Venezuela
- List of largest power stations in the world
- List of conventional hydroelectric power stations
References
- ^ "Guri Hydropower Station". VHPC. Archived from the original on 11 November 2013. Retrieved 25 March 2013.
- ^ "Hydroelectric Plants in Venezuela". IndustCards. Archived from the original on 3 January 2013. Retrieved 8 November 2013.
- ^ a b c d "Guri Dam". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2011. Archived from the original on 28 August 2011. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
- ^ "Dams - Guri". Covenpre VENCOLD. Archived from the original on 3 June 2009. Retrieved 13 January 2011.
- ^ Farrell, John (23 February 1969). "A Dam And Falls in Venezuela Jungle". The Blade. Toledo, Ohio. Archived from the original on 9 January 2016. Retrieved 2 April 2015.
- ^ World Environment Report. Center for International Environment Information. 1977.
- ^ NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC. 1992.
- ^ a b "The Guri Hydroelectric Power Plant Project, Venezuela". Power Technology. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
- ^ International Commerce, Volume 70. United States Bureau of International Commerce. 17 February 1964. p. 15.
- ^ Mitteilungen aus dem Geologisch-Paläontologischen Institut der Universität Hamburg. Geol.-Paläont. Inst, Univ. Hamburg. 1992.
- ISBN 978-1-4381-0671-7.
- ISBN 978-0-85229-571-7.
- ^ Archiv Für Hydrobiologie. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung (Nägele u. Obermiller). 1994.
- ^ Latin America Report. [Executive Office of the President], Federal Broadcast Information Service, Joint Publications Research Service. 1981.
- ^ Carib-Latin Energy Consultant. Carib-Latin Energy Consultants Limited. 1986.
- ISBN 978-1-4822-9832-1.
- ^ International Journal on Hydropower & Dams. Aqua-Media International. 2003.
- ^ ISSN 1315-2386. Caracas, Agosto 2007
- ^ Keesing's Record of World Events. Longman. 1988.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8157-0502-4.
- ISBN 978-1-59884-569-3.
- National Public Radio. 22 April 2016. Archivedfrom the original on 28 July 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
- ^ "Venezuela to ration malls, change clocks, to save power". Reuters. 15 April 2016. Archived from the original on 21 March 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2019 – via www.reuters.com.
- ^ Millward, David (10 April 2016). "Venezuelan women urged to stop using hairdryers". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 21 March 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
- ^ a b "President of Venezuela tells women to stop using hairdryers". The Independent. 9 April 2016. Archived from the original on 21 March 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
- ^ "Huge power outage leaves most of Venezuela in darkness". Archived from the original on 12 March 2019. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
- ^ "No End in Sight to Venezuela's Blackout, Experts Warn". The New York Times. 11 March 2019. Archived from the original on 11 March 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
- ^ "Venezuela power flickers after worst blackout in decades". Archived from the original on 8 March 2019. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
External links
- EDELCA
- Erection Company on Guri HPC Venezuela C.A. (VHPC)