Gwalior
Gwalior | |
---|---|
UTC+5:30 (IST) | |
PIN | 474001 to 474055 |
Telephone code | 0751 |
Vehicle registration | MP-07 |
Sex ratio | 862 ♂/♀ |
Literacy | 87.14% |
Avg. summer temperature | 40.5 °C (104.9 °F) |
Avg. winter temperature | 6.6 °C (43.9 °F)[4] |
Website | gwalior |
Gwalior (
Besides being the administrative headquarters of Gwalior district and Gwalior division, Gwalior has many administrative offices of the Chambal division of northern Madhya Pradesh. Several administrative and judicial organisations, commissions and boards have their state and national headquarters situated in the city.
Gwalior was the winter capital of the state of Madhya Bharat which later became a part of the larger state of Madhya Pradesh. Prior to Indian independence on 15 August 1947, Gwalior remained a princely state of the British Raj with the Scindia as the local rulers. High rocky hills surround the city from all sides, on the north it just forms the border of the Ganga- Yamuna Drainage Basin. The city however is situated in the valley between the hills. Gwalior's metropolitan area includes Gwalior city centre, Morar Cantonment,[2] Lashkar Gwalior (Lashkar Subcity), Maharaj Bada, Phool Bagh, and Thatipur.[citation needed]
Gwalior was one of the major locations of rebellion during the
Gwalior has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under PM Narendra Modi's flagship Smart Cities Mission.[7]
History
According to legend, Gwalior was founded in 8 CE after a local chieftain, Suraj Sen a Kachhwaha Rajput who was cured of leprosy from a drink given to him by a holy man called Gwalipa. Suraj subsequently set up a town and fort and named them after Gwalipa.[8]
The earliest historical record found at Gwalior is the Gwalior inscription of the Alchon Hun ruler Mihirakula. It describes Mihirakula's father Toramana (493-515) as "a ruler of the earth, of great merit, who was renowned by the name of the glorious Tôramâna; by whom, through (his) heroism that was specially characterized by truthfulness, the earth was governed with justice", and his Mihirakula as "the lord of the earth" as of 520 CE.
Around the 9th century, the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty controlled Gwalior and during their rule, they constructed the Teli ka Mandir temple. The Kachchhapaghata dynasty ruled the area c.950 –c.1192 CE, leaving remarkable architectural works such as the Sasbahu Temple. In 1021, Gwalior was attacked by forces led by Mahmud Ghazni.[8]
In 1231
Chaturbhuj Temple at Gwalior Fort claims the world's very first occurrence of zero as a written number.[11]
Rebellion of 1857
Gwalior is also known for not participating in the
Princely state of Gwalior
The Scindia state In 1962, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia, the widow of Maharaja Jivajirao Scindia, was elected to the Lok Sabha, beginning the family's career in electoral politics. She was first a member of the Congress Party, and later became an influential member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Her son, Maharaja Madhavrao Scindia was elected to the Lok Sabha in 1971 representing the Congress Party, and served until his death in 2001.[16] His son, Jyotiraditya Scindia, also in the Congress Party, was elected to the seat formerly held by his father in 2004, but later joined Bhartiya janata Party in 2020.
[needs update]
As of the Demographics
Religion
Languages
Hindi is by far the predominant language of Gwalior with nearly 96% of residents speaking it as their first language. Sindhi and Marathi are spoken by 1% each.[18]
Geography
Gwalior is located at 26°13′N 78°11′E / 26.22°N 78.18°E.[19] in northern Madhya Pradesh 300 km (186 miles) from Delhi. It has an average elevation of 197 metres (646 feet). Most part of it comes under the Gird area.
Location
Waterways
The Tigra Dam is located on the outskirts of the city. The dam is now being used to store water from the Sank river and supply water to the city. The reservoir is used for leisure activities including speed boating, paddle boating, and water scooters.
The Swarna Rekha river is a reconstructed part of the Swarna Rekha river which was dried during the British raj. Boat rides run between Padav in central Gwalior to Gwalior Zoo.
Parks and gardens
The Lashkar part of Gwalior has many parks, including the Phool Bagh, or the garden of flowers, built to welcome the Prince of Cambridge and the Italian Garden – the garden which was used by the Scindias as a place of relaxation, is Italian in architecture with a water pool surrounded by musical fountains. Ambedkar Park and Gandhi Park are other prominent parks.
Gwalior Zoo provides a home for
Climate
Gwalior | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Gwalior has a sub-tropical climate with hot summers from late March to early July, the humid monsoon season from late June to early October, and a cool dry winter from early November to late February. Under Köppen's climate classification the city has a humid subtropical climate. The highest recorded temperature was 48 °C and the lowest was −1 °C. Summers start in late March, and along with other cities like Jaipur and Delhi, are among the hottest in India and the world. Temperatures peak in May and June with daily averages being around 33–35 °C (93–95 °F), and end in late June with the onset of the monsoon. Gwalior receives 900 mm (35 in) of rain on average per year, most of which is concentrated in the Monsoon months (from late June to early October). August is the wettest month with about 310 mm (12 in) of rain. Winter in Gwalior starts in late October, and is generally very mild with daily temperatures averaging in the 14–16 °C (58–62 °F) range, and mostly dry and sunny conditions. January is the coldest month with average lows in the 5-6 °C range (41-42 °F) and occasional cold snaps that plummet temperatures down to a single digit.
Climate data for Gwalior (1991–2020, extremes 1951–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 32.4 (90.3) |
37.2 (99.0) |
41.7 (107.1) |
46.2 (115.2) |
48.3 (118.9) |
47.4 (117.3) |
44.6 (112.3) |
41.7 (107.1) |
40.0 (104.0) |
40.1 (104.2) |
38.6 (101.5) |
32.1 (89.8) |
48.3 (118.9) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 22.3 (72.1) |
26.6 (79.9) |
32.9 (91.2) |
38.9 (102.0) |
42.1 (107.8) |
40.4 (104.7) |
35.2 (95.4) |
33.3 (91.9) |
34.0 (93.2) |
34.2 (93.6) |
30.1 (86.2) |
25.2 (77.4) |
32.8 (91.0) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 14.3 (57.7) |
18.6 (65.5) |
24.5 (76.1) |
30.0 (86.0) |
34.4 (93.9) |
34.1 (93.4) |
30.6 (87.1) |
29.3 (84.7) |
28.9 (84.0) |
26.2 (79.2) |
21.0 (69.8) |
15.7 (60.3) |
25.6 (78.1) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 7.7 (45.9) |
10.9 (51.6) |
16.2 (61.2) |
21.7 (71.1) |
27.0 (80.6) |
28.8 (83.8) |
27.1 (80.8) |
26.2 (79.2) |
24.8 (76.6) |
19.3 (66.7) |
13.1 (55.6) |
8.5 (47.3) |
19.2 (66.6) |
Record low °C (°F) | −1.1 (30.0) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
5.4 (41.7) |
11.8 (53.2) |
17.2 (63.0) |
18.2 (64.8) |
20.1 (68.2) |
19.6 (67.3) |
15.1 (59.2) |
8.9 (48.0) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 12.9 (0.51) |
14.4 (0.57) |
6.4 (0.25) |
7.5 (0.30) |
16.6 (0.65) |
85.1 (3.35) |
224.0 (8.82) |
241.8 (9.52) |
141.4 (5.57) |
27.1 (1.07) |
6.8 (0.27) |
6.3 (0.25) |
790.4 (31.12) |
Average rainy days | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.9 | 4.6 | 10.9 | 11.8 | 6.4 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 41.7 |
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST )
|
56 | 42 | 30 | 23 | 24 | 40 | 66 | 74 | 64 | 54 | 57 | 60 | 49 |
Source 1: India Meteorological Department[20] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020)[21] |
Environment
Gwalior was found to have the second-highest level of air pollution according to a World Health Organization study in 2016. Particulates from the burning of garbage and fossil fuels make breathing the air of this city a hazard.[22][23]
Government
The administration of Gwalior is shared between the departments and institutions of three levels of government – civic administration by the Gwalior Municipal Corporation, state administration by government of Madhya Pradesh, and the central government of India.
The
Gwalior Municipal Corporation
The Gwalior Municipal Corporation is responsible for the civic infrastructure and administration of the city, which is divided into 66 wards.
Shobha Satish Sikarwar(INC) is the present Mayor of Gwalior.[27] The
Gwalior Municipal Corporation covers an area of 414 square kilometres (160 sq mi).[1] The municipality was created on 6 June 1887 with two divisions for Lashkar and Morar, which later were merged with a single constitutional body.[28]
State government
There are four seats in the
State institutions include:
- Office of The President-Board of Revenue of Madhya Pradesh
- Office of The Transport-Commissioner of Madhya Pradesh
- Office of The Commissioner-Land Records & Settlements Madhya Pradesh
- Office of The State Excise Commissioner of Madhya Pradesh
Central government
The
In May 2019, Vivek Narayan Shejwalkar of
Central government institutions include:
- Office of The Accountant-General (AG) of Madhya Pradesh
- Defense Research & Development Establishment (DRDE)
- Border Security Force (BSF) Academy
- National Cadet Corps (NCC) Officer's Training Academy (OTA)
- Indian Air Force (IAF) Station (Maharajpura Airbase).
- Office of The Narcotics Commissioner of India (Central Bureau of Narcotics)
- Central Intelligence Bureau HO
- laxmibai National Institute of physical Education (LNIPE)
- Indian Army Cantonment (Morar Cantonment)
- Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) ([Shivpuri Link Road Ghatigao Gwalior)]
- Central Potato Research Institute, Gwalior[32]
- Centre for Advanced Maintenance Technology (Ministry of Railways)
Transport and connectivity
Railway Station Gwalior
Gwalior is a major railway junction in the Northern central region. The
- Goes to Agra (AGC)
- Goes to Jhansi Junction(VGLJ)
- Goes to Shivpuri (SVPI)
- Goes to Etawah (ETW)
- Goes to Sheopur Kalan (SOE) on Narrow Gauge Line (closed for broad gauge conversion since 2020)
Gwalior is one of the major commercial railway stations of the North Central Railway, whose zone headquarters is centred in
Some trains starting here and travelling towards Eastern India via Gwalior Junction – Jhansi Junction provide direct connections to points in eastern India including
Road
Gwalior is fairly well connected to other parts of Madhya Pradesh and India by national and state highways. The proposed North-south-Corridor of the Golden-Quadrilateral Highway project passes through the city. The Agra-Bombay national highway (NH3) passes through Gwalior, connecting it to Shivpuri on one end and Agra on the other. The Yamuna Expressway is easily accessible from Agra for the travellers going to New Delhi.
The city is connected to the
Airport
are available from Gwalior airport.Local public transport
Gwalior's public transport system mainly consists of
The Gwalior Metro is the proposed project for Gwalior city. The project was announced by state CM Shivraj Singh Chouhan on 17 October 2014. Hence district administration is preparing a DPR(Detailed Project Report) for The Gwalior Metro.
Culture
Art and literature
Gwalior holds a major and a special position in the Indian classical music, art and literature. Gwalior is a well acknowledged place of art, associated with historic as well as contemporary evidence. In August 2005 a mural created by
In more recent times, Akhtar family has been based out of Gwalior for at least three generations with Muztar Khairabadi, his son Jan Nisar Akhtar and his grandson Javed Akhtar being the prominent literary figures. Nida Fazli, one of the most famous Indian Hindi and Urdu poets grew up here. Former Indian Prime Minister, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, is also a well known writer and poet.
Music
Raja Man Singh Tomar, the King of Gwalior between 1486 and 1516 CE, was a patron of Drupad (Hindi: ध्रुपद). Dhrupad is a vocal genre in Hindustani classical music, said to be the oldest still-in-use in that musical tradition. Its name is derived from the words "dhruva" (fixed) and "pada" (words). The term may denote both the verse form of the poetry and the style in which it is sung.
Gwalior holds a major position in the Indian classical music, with being the birthplace of the oldest Hindustani sangeet
Baijnath Prasad (also known as Baiju Bawra) was a classical singer (Dhrupadiya) who lived in Gwalior for his whole life under the patronage of Man Singh. Baiju was born in Chanderi and was cremated there. He received his musical training in Vrindaban under Swami Guru Haridas Ji. He was the court musician of Gwalior along with Nayak Charju, Bakshu, and others.
Sarod player Amjad Ali Khan is also from Gwalior. His grandfather, Ghulam Ali Khan Bangash, became a court musician in Gwalior.
UNESCO: Creative Cities Network for Music Category
In November 2023, UNESCO announced the inclusion of Gwalior in its flagship Creative Cities Network programme.[37][38]
Tansen Music Festival
The Tansen Sangeet Samaroh (Tansen Music Festival) is celebrated every year on the Tansen Tomb in Gwalior during the month of December.[39] Tansen Samaroh is a platform where artists from all over India gather and participate to deliver vocal and instrumental performances. The Tansen Sangeet Samaroh is organised by the government of Madhya Pradesh, in association with the Academy of the Department of Culture. During the festival, music lovers and artists from all over the world gather to offer their tribute to Tansen. The academy offers honours to senior celebrities and junior artists by including them in the Samaroh through their performed music.
Sarod Ghar
This Museum of Music has been set up in the old ancestral house of musician Hafiz Ali Khan. It houses ancient instruments of the Indian masters of the past. It also houses a collection of photographs and documents. Sarod Ghar is an institution devoted to promoting Indian classical music, heritage and culture. Through this 'window' to the past, music lovers can gain a better understanding of the evolution and history of Indian classical music and a deeper perspective and insight into the context of the art as it exists today.[citation needed]
Media and communication
There are newspapers, magazines, local TV stations and four FM radio stations in Gwalior.
Dainik Bhaskar is the leading and one of the oldest and most widely read newspapers. Swadesh and Naidunia are other well-established newspapers. More newspapers published in Gwalior are BPN Times, Raj Express, Dainik Madhya Raj, Nav Bharat, Youth Engine, Dainik Jagran, People's Samachar, Dainik Adityaz. Evening newspapers are Sandhya Samachaar, Gwalior Sandesh, Sudarshan Express.
"Aalekh-Life in Pages" is one of the leading youth magazine published and widely read across the city. SouLSteer magazine is a bi-monthly lifestyle and automotive magazine in Gwalior.
The radio industry has expanded with private FM channels being introduced. The FM radio channels that broadcast in the city include
Sports
Lakshmibai National University for Physical Education (operational since 1957) is the largest physical education institutions in Asia.[40] Gwalior also has the Railway Hockey Stadium with artificial turf. Captain Roop Singh Stadium is a cricket ground with a capacity of 45,000. The stadium has hosted 10 One Day International (ODI) matches. Of the ten matches played so far, the first one was played between India and West Indies on 22 January 1988. The ground has flood lights and has also hosted day-night encounters. One match of the 1996 Cricket World Cup was also played on this ground, between India and West Indies.
Dhyan Chand was a famous hockey player from Jhansi which is near Gwalior. Ankit Sharma is a cricketer from Gwalior and plays in the Indian Premier League. Athletics are also played in this city, Vishal Kaim was the youngest hammer thrower of India when he participated in National Athletics Games in 2006 at the age of 14 years.[citation needed]
Stadium and Sports University
- Captain Roop Singh Stadium is a cricket ground in Gwalior. The stadium has hosted ten One Day International (ODI) matches. Of the ten matches played so far, the first one was played between India and West Indies on 22 January 1988. It can hold 45,000 people at a time. It was originally a hockey stadium named after great Indian hockey player Roop Singh, brother of hockey player Dhyan Chand. The ground has flood lights and has hosted day-night encounters as well. One match of the 1996 Cricket World Cup was also played on this ground, between India and West Indies. This ground is notable for hosting the ODI between India and South Africa in which Sachin Tendulkar scored the first-ever double century in ODI cricket.[41]
- The Lakshmibai National University of Physical Education(LNIPE), Gwalior was established by the Ministry of Education & Culture, Government of India as Lakshmibai College of Physical Education (LCPE) in August 1957, the centenary year of the War of Independence. It is located at Gwalior, where Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi, a heroine of the war, died during the rebellion in 1857. The Institute started as an affiliated college of the Vikram University, Ujjain and then came to the folds of Jiwaji University, Gwalior in 1964. The institute was given the status of National importance, and hence it was renamed as Lakshmibai National College of Physical Education (LNCPE) in 1973. In recognition of its unique status and character and to facilitate its further growth, the college was conferred the status of an ′Autonomous College′ of Jiwaji University, Gwalior in 1982.
- A new international stadium at Shankarpur village near Ghatigaon tehsil[42] has been proposed by Madhya Pradesh Cricket Association (MPCA). The proposed stadium will be built on a land of 30 acres, which has been taken over by Gwalior District Cricket Association (GDCA). The construction of the proposed stadium is expected to be completed in 2020. It will have a seating capacity of around 100,000 spectators. It will also be equipped with flood lights for night matches, a swimming pool, sauna bath, modern gym, dressing room, and 30 corporate boxes.[43][needs update]
Education
This section needs additional citations for verification. (February 2020) |
Gwalior has developed into a significant centre of education. It hosts several prominent government and private universities and institutions including the following:
Universities in Gwalior
University | Type | Location |
---|---|---|
Amity University, Gwalior | Private | Airport Road, Maharajpura |
ITM University |
Private University |
Opp. Sithouli Railway Station, NH-75 Sithouli, Gwalior |
Jiwaji University | Government | University road, City Centre |
Lakshmibai National University of Physical Education |
Government | Racecourse Road |
Raja Mansingh Tomar Music & Arts University | State university | Needam Road |
Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwavidyalaya (RVSKVV) |
State university | Racecourse Road |
Prominent Institutes in Gwalior
Institute | Type | Location |
---|---|---|
Gajara Raja Medical College(GRMC) | Government | Heritage theme road, Lashkar |
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management (IIITM) |
Government | Morena Link road |
Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management | Government | Govindpuri |
Madhav Institute of Technology and Science(MITS) | Government aided | Gola ka mandir, Racecourse road |
Maharani Laxmi Bai Govt. College of Excellence (MLB College) | Government | Katora taal, Heritage theme road |
Rustamji Institute of Technology (RJIT) | Private | BSF Academy, Tekanpur |
Gwalior has five
The
Economy
Gwalior is surrounded by three industrial areas – Sitholi, Banmore and Malanpur. All three of these sectors are on NH 75, NH-3 and NH 92 respectively, with Malanpur being the largest. The city once had large manufacturing industries, such as Gwalior Grasim and J.C. MILLS of Birlanagar, but now this sector is left with only one major factory –
Trade fair
- Gwalior Trade Fairwas started in 1905 by Maharaja Madho Rao Scindia, King of Gwalior. It is an annual trade fair showcasing the economy of Gwalior. It has become the biggest fair of Madhya Pradesh and one of the most colourful fairs of India. It starts in the second week of January and continues until February.
Gwalior Metro and suburbs
The 2011 census put the population of Gwalior's urban area / metropolitan region, comprising Gwalior and Morar Cantonment, at 1,117,740.[44]
Old town
The old town of Gwalior, commonly called Kila Gate is around 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) from Hazira, the largest area in old town, which is of considerable size but irregularly built. It lies at the eastern base of the rock and contains the tomb of the
- Koteshwar Temple. This temple is a 700-year-old temple of Lord Shiva whose shivlingwas on Gwalior Fort, but when the Mughals conquered it they ordered the shivling thrown out. When the troops did that, the shivling was automatically established in a field below the fort without any harm. Muslim Gazi told the emperor not to harm the shivling. In the late 18th century Scindias built a temple for that shivling, now known as Koteshwar Mahadev.
- Baba Kapoor- this place is 500 meters away from Ghas Mandi. This place was named Baba Kapoor because of saint Shah Abdul Gafoor.
- Kashi Naresh ki gali- this a 600-year-old residential street in Gwalior it was given name as Kashi Naresh ki gali because in the 14th century when the emperor of Kashi was defeated in war he was sent to exile by oppositions at that time Gwalior emperor and Kashi's emperor were good friends when Kashi's emperor told Gwalior's emperor whole story, emperor gave him an entire street for living at that time which is now known as Kashi Naresh ki Gali. their family even now resides there in Kashi Naresh ki gali in Rajaji Ka Bada. (Meanings: naresh = king = rajaji; gali = street in Hindi language; bada = big area.)
Lashkar Subcity
The name of Lashkar is a
Jiwaji Chowk is the central focus of Lashkar, with a large square, a former opera house, banks, tea, coffee and juice stands and a municipal market building. Thriving bazaars surround the chowk. Many jewellery shops are situated near Jayaji Chowk, also known as Maharaj Bada. A source of water for the city is Tighra Dam, built on the Saank river 20 km to the north. The Gajra Raja Medical College, founded in 1946 by the Maharaja Jiwaji Rao Scindia and the Maharani Vijayaraje Scindia, is situated in Lashkar on Palace Road, near Katora Taal, together with a group of hospitals. Jai Vilas Palace, patterned on the French palace of Versailles, is located here.
Morar Cantonment
Morar Cantonment, formerly a separate town, lies 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) east of the old city. It was formerly a British military cantonment. Morar is generally considered a rural farming town. The area is known as the "green part" of Gwalior because much of the area is still rural.
Morar was the scene of the most serious uprising in Central India. On 1 June 1858, Jayajirao led his forces to Morar to fight a rebel army led by
The Sun Temple is situated in Morar at Residency Road.
The cantonment area makes up a large area of Morar which contains official residences for the Indian Army. It has many canteens for Army personnel. Saint Paul's School and Pragati Vidyapeeth School are nearby. There is an air force base in the Pinto Park region.
Thatipur
Thatipur is said to have got its name from State Army Unit 34, which once resided there. Gandhi Road divides Thatipur into two areas. Morar at one end of the road and Balwant Nagar on the other.
Thatipur primarily consists of residential areas like Darpan Colony, Madhav Rao Scindhiya Enclave, the government blocks, Vivek Nagar, and Suresh Nagar. Places of note are the Dwarikadhish Mandir, Bhagwan colony, Tomar building, Chauhan Pyaau (The Chauhan family), Galla Kothar, Ramkrishna Aashram, Saraswati Nagar, Govindpuri, Gayatri Vihar, Shakti Vihar, Shakuntalapuri, Dushyant Nagar, Shanti Vihar, and Mayur market along with Sai Baba Mandir in Shakti Vihar colony.
Healthcare
The prominent hospitals of Gwalior include Gajara Raja Medical College and the associated J.A. Hospital, Kamla Raja Hospital, Sahara Hospital, Mascot Hospital, BIMR Hospital, Cancer Hospital & Research Institute and many private doctor clinics. The Cancer Hospital & Research Institute is a nationally acclaimed medical centre in Oncology. There is also a charitable hospital named SATCH (Shri Anandpur Trust Charitable Hospital) which provides free treatment. There is a government Ayurvedic college and a private homoeopathic college (Vasundhara Raje Homoeopathic Medical College) which is run by the Biochemic and Homoeopathic Association of Gwalior, also providing health care education and services.
Future developments
Gwalior West is being developed as a "Counter Magnet" project with funding support from the National Capital Region.[46] It has been introduced to increase investment in education, industry and real estate. This is hoped to counteract the closing of manufacturers such as Hotline, Cimmco and Grasim Gwalior.
The Gwalior Master plan launched by the local collector and municipal corporation initiates to improve the basic civic infrastructure of the city to meet the growing population of the city as well as to make the city beautiful for tourists.[citation needed]
Architecture
Gwalior Fort
This section may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience. |
At the heart of Gwalior is Gwalior Fort of the Tomara dynasty. This structure was reputed to be one of the most structurally sound forts of India, having been improved by Raja Man Singh Tomar where a previous structure existed. It occupies an isolated rock outcrop. The hill is steepened to make it virtually unscalable and is surrounded by high walls which enclose buildings from several periods. The old town of Gwalior lies at the eastern base of the fortress. Lashkar, founded by Daulat Rao Scindia, formerly a separate town that originated as a military camp, lies to the south, and Morar, also a formerly separate town, lies to the east. Gwalior, Lashkar and Morar are part of the Gwalior Municipal Corporation.[47]
The Fort, popularly called "the Gibraltar of India", overlooks the city. The Emperor Babur reputedly described it as "the pearl in the necklace of the forts of Hind". This fort's architecture is unique. It displays a Chinese influence on Indian architecture, as Chinese dragons have been crafted at the hilt of the pillars. This influence was due to trade between China and India at the time of the fort's construction.
After the death of
In the east of the city are two examples of early
Gopachal
Gopachal Parvat is situated on the mountainous terrain at the slopes of Gwalior Fort. Gopachal Parvat contains unique statues of
Siddhachal Caves
Jain rock-cut sculptures of Siddhachal Caves – A striking part of the
Sas-Bahu Temple
Sas-Bahu Temple, a 9th-century shrine, Sas-Bahu temple in the fort allures not only the devotees but also the tourists with its artistic value. Despite what its name may suggest, these temples are not dedicated to Sas (mother-in-law) and Bahu (daughter-in-law) but rather the short form of Shashtra Bahu, another name for Lord Vishnu. These temples situated adjacent to each other and the larger one is elaborately decorated with carvings and sculptures. The roof of the larger temple is adorned with a lotus carving.
Teli ka mandir
Teli Ka Mandir (Telangana Mandir) – A structure of about 100 feet, Teli Ka Mandir in Gwalior Fort distinguishes itself from the other compositions of its time because of its unique architecture. The temple bears a close resemblance to the temple of Prathihara Vishnu, and is filled with images of coiled serpents, passionate couples, river goddesses, and a flying
Other monuments
- Gurudwara Daata Bandi Chhorh- Gwalior Fort also has the Guru Har Gobind. This Gurudwara is particularly large and grand, built entirely of marble with coloured glass decorating the main building. Recital of the Guru Granth Sahibtakes place here and Mughal kings used to visit Gwalior regularly. There is a Gurdwara that was converted to a mandir of "kalli devi" and process is on to take it back by Sikhs.
- Municipality Museum, is situated a little distance from Rani Lakshmibai's tomb.
- Modern 5D is Madhya Pradesh's first multi-dimensional theatre launched in the 2011 trade fair of Gwalior. It was built by Gwalior's leading enterprise Modern Techno Projects (P) Ltd. Modern 5D is recognised as India's first own multi-dimensional theatre.
- Shyam Vatika is a banquet hall which has the world's largest indoor mural, as recognised by Guinness World Records.
- Adhyatma Niketan is an important ashram near Gwalior Fort.
- Within the fort are some marvels of medieval architecture. The 15th century iconoclasticMughals.
Jai Vilas Mahal
Also called Jai Vilas Palace, is the residential palace turned museum of the Maratha rulers of Gwalior – the Scindias. The palace has notable collections of antiques. The museum is one of the largest in Madhya Pradesh and has the world's largest chandelier [citation needed] and the complex is a mixture of British and Hindu architecture. The palace was constructed in 1874 as an attempt to bring the palace of Versailles to Gwalior.
Tombs and Chatris of historic importance
- Chatris of Scindias is situated close to the city near Achaleshwar temple and is the burial place for the Scindias who ruled the city for numerous years. Designated persons like Maharaja Madhavrao Scindia, Vijayaraje Scindia and His Highness Jivajirao Scindia were cremated here.
- Tansen's tomb: Gwalior is the birthplace of the musician Tansen. He was one of the "Nine Gems of Akbar".[54]
- Gaus Mohammad's tomb: The tombs of Great Gaus Mohammad and Tansen are situated on the same territory.
- Tomb of Rani Lakshmibai, a famous freedom fighter, at Phoolbag area. It is here where the she died in 1858 fighting against the British. It is also her burial place.
Sun Temple
Located in § Morar Cantonment, the Sun Temple "Vivsvaan mandir" is dedicated to the sun god Surya. Designed as a facsimile of the Sun temple of Konark in Odisha, the temple was sponsored and built in the 1980s by the Birla family.[55]
The temple is in a garden within the temple premises. The temple draws the locals and tourists alike who gather to render their prayers. Before the temple was built the gardens had the name Tapovan. The gardens were the location of an ill-fated attempt to introduce
Notable people
- Kartik Aaryan, actor, born in Gwalior
- Javed Akhtar, poet, lyricist and writer, born in Gwalior
- Nida Fazli, Urdu writer and poet
- Muhammad Ghawth, Indian Sufi saint and author
- Shifa Gwaliori, Indian Urdu poet
- Pawan Karan, Indian major Hindi poet and writer
- Sharad Kelkar, actor, born in Gwalior
- Amjad Ali Khan, sarod player and musician
- Bihari Lal, Hindi poet
- Meet Bros, the musician duo hail from Gwalior.
- Piyush Mishra, Indian film and theatre actor, music director, lyricist, singer, scriptwriter
- Amitabh Mitra, Indo-English Poet, Visual Artist and Orthopaedic Surgeon studied at Gajara Raja Medical College Gwalior
- Krishnarao Shankar Pandit, musician of the Gwalior gharana
- Gwalior Gharana
- Abha Parmar, actress
- Harshvardhan Rane, Telugu and Bollywood actor
- Radhika Veena Sadhika, world's first woman vichitra veena player.[57]
- Daulat Rao Sindhia
- Jankoji Rao Scindia II
- Jayaji Rao Scindia
- Jiwajirao Scindia
- Jyotiraditya Scindia
- Madhavrao Scindia
- Madho Rao Scindia
- Mamta Sharma, singer, born in Gwalior
- Pran Kumar Sharma, cartoonist and comic creator of Chacha Chaudhary fame moved here after the Partition
- Mahadaji Shinde
- Navniti Prasad Singh, former Chief Justice of Kerala High Court
- Roop Singh, Indian hockey player and Olympian
- Shivendra Singh, Indian national hockey player, born and lives in Gwalior
- Kushal Tandon, Indian television actor. He did his schooling at Scindia School in Gwalior
- Mughal emperor Akbar
- Narendra Singh Tomar
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee, former Prime Minister of India
- Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi, Hindi writer, born in Gwalior
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External links
- Official Website of Gwalior
- R. Nath Mughal Architecture Image Collection, Images from Gwalior - University of Washington Digital Collection