Gyrus

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
(Redirected from
Gyri
)
For the video game, see Gyruss.
"Gyral" redirects here. For the album, see Gyral (album).
Not to be confused with
Girus
.
Gyrus
Gyrus and sulcus
Identifiers
TA98A14.1.09.004
TA25432
FMA83874
Anatomical terminology
Gray's FIG. 726 – Lateral surface of left cerebral hemisphere, viewed from the side
Gray's Fig. 727 – Medial surface of left cerebral hemisphere

In neuroanatomy, a gyrus (pl.: gyri) is a ridge on the cerebral cortex. It is generally surrounded by one or more sulci (depressions or furrows; sg.: sulcus).[1] Gyri and sulci create the folded appearance of the brain in humans and other mammals.

Structure

The gyri are part of a system of folds and ridges that create a larger surface area for the human brain and other mammalian brains.

cranium.[3]

Development

Main article: Gyrification

The human brain undergoes gyrification during fetal and neonatal development. In embryonic development, all mammalian brains begin as smooth structures derived from the neural tube. A cerebral cortex without surface convolutions is lissencephalic, meaning 'smooth-brained'.[4] As development continues, gyri and sulci begin to take shape on the fetal brain, with deepening indentations and ridges developing on the surface of the cortex.[5]

Clinical significance

Changes in the structure of gyri in the cerebral cortex are associated with various diseases and disorders. Pachygyria, lissencephaly, and polymicrogyria are all the results of abnormal cell migration associated with a disorganized cellular architecture, failure to form six layers of cortical neurons (a four-layer cortex is common), and functional problems.[6] The abnormal formation is commonly associated with epilepsy and mental dysfunctions.[7]

neuronal migration disorders
; most commonly relating to lissencephaly.

Lissencephaly (smooth brain) is a rare congenital brain malformation caused by defective neuronal migration during the 12th to 24th weeks of fetal gestation resulting in a lack of development of gyri and sulci.[9]

gyri and a thickening of the cerebral cortex.[10] It may be generalized, affecting the whole surface of the cerebral cortex or may be focal, affecting only parts of the surface. Polymicrogyria may be caused by mutations within several genes, including ion channels.[11]

Notable gyri

See also

References

  1. PMID 23689502
    .
  2. ^ Marieb, Elaine N.; Hoehn, Katja (2012). Human Anatomy & Physiology (9th ed.). Pearson.
    ISBN 978-0321852120
    .
  3. S2CID 25453338
    .
  4. PMID 7719130
    .
  5. PMID 21414909
    .
  6. PMID 22427329
    .
  7. PMID 18469675
    .
  8. S2CID 24119081
    .
  9. PMID 3472611
    .
  10. PMID 20301504
    .
  11. PMID 31959360
    .
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Gyri (category)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gyrus&oldid=1218751154"
This page is based on the copyrighted Wikipedia article: Gyri. Articles is available under the CC BY-SA 3.0 license; additional terms may apply.Privacy Policy