Gyumri
Gyumri
Գյումրի | |
---|---|
City and urban community | |
UTC+4 (AMT) | |
Postal code | 3101-3126 |
Area code | (+374) 312 |
Vehicle registration | 45 am |
Climate | Dfb |
Website | www |
Sources: Population[2] |
Gyumri (Armenian: Գյումրի,[a] pronounced [ɡjumˈɾi]) is an urban municipal community and the second-largest city in Armenia, serving as the administrative center of Shirak Province in the northwestern part of the country. By the end of the 19th century, when the city was known as Alexandropol,[b] it became the largest city of Russian-ruled Eastern Armenia with a population above that of Yerevan. The city became renowned as a cultural hub, while also carrying significance as a major center of Russian troops during Russo-Turkish wars of the 19th century.
The city underwent a tumultuous period during and after
Today, Gyumri continues to grapple with the lasting effects of the 1988 earthquake, but remains known as the cultural hub of Armenia due to the many artists and craftsman who originated from the city. The city is also in particular notable for the large Kumayri historic district that managed to mostly survive the 1988 earthquake, dating back mainly to the 19th century and being one of the few surviving places in the world with authentic urban Armenian architecture.[3]
Name
The area of modern-day Gyumri was originally known as Kumayri (
History
Classical antiquity and the ancient Armenian Kingdom
Archaeological excavations conducted throughout the Soviet period have shown that the area of modern-day Gyumri has been populated since at least the third millennium BC. The area was mentioned as Kumayri in the historic Urartian inscriptions dating back to the 8th century BC.[5] Kumayri may be identical with the city of Gymnias or Gumnias mentioned by Xenophon in his Anabasis.[6]
At the decline of the
Later in 331 BC, the entire territory was included in the Ayrarat province of Ancient Armenian Kingdom as part of the Shirak canton. Between 190 BC and 1 AD Kumayri was under the rule of the Artaxiad dynasty of Armenia. During the 1st century AD, Shirak was granted to the Kamsarakan family, who ruled over Kumayri during the Arsacid Kingdom of Armenia.[8]
Medieval period
Following the partition of Armenia in 387 between the Byzantines and the Persians, and as a result of the fall of the Arsacid Kingdom of Armenia in 428, Shirak including Kumayri became part of the Sasanian Empire of Persia. In 658 AD, at the height of the Arab Islamic invasions, Kumayri was conquered during the Muslim conquest of Persia to become part of the Emirate of Armenia under the Umayyad Caliphate.[9]
Kumayri was a significant and quite-developed urban settlement during the
After the fall of Armenia to the Byzantine Empire in 1045 and later to the Seljuk invaders in 1064. Under the foreign rulers, the town had gradually lost its significance during the following centuries, until the establishment of the Zakarid Principality of Armenia in 1201 under the Georgian protectorate. During the Zakarid rule, the Eastern Armenian territories, mainly Lori and Shirak, entered into a new period of growth and stability, becoming a trade center between the east and the west. After the Mongols captured Ani in 1236, Armenia turned into a Mongol protectorate as part of the Ilkhanate, and the Zakarids became vassals to the Mongols. After the fall of the Ilkhanate in the mid-14th century, the Zakarid princes ruled over Lori, Shirak, and Ararat plain until 1360 when they fell to the invading Turkic tribes.[14]
By the last quarter of the 14th century, the
Persian and Russian rules
In 1501, most of the Eastern Armenian territories including Kumayri were conquered by the emerging Safavid dynasty of Iran led by Shah Ismail I.[16] Soon after in 1502, Kumayri became part of the newly formed Erivan Beglarbegi, a new administrative territory of Iran formed by the Safavids. During the first half of the 18th century, Kumayri became part of the Erivan Khanate under the rule of the Afsharid dynasty and later under the Qajar dynasty of Persia.
In June 1804, the Russian forces controlled over Shirak region at the beginning of the Russo-Persian War of 1804 and 1813. Kumayri became officially part of the Russian Empire at the Treaty of Gulistan signed on 1 January 1813 between Imperial Russia and Qajar Persia.
During the period of Russian rule, Gyumri became one of the developing cities in the
In 1837 Russian Tsar Nicholas I arrived in Gyumri and changed the name into Alexandropol. The name was chosen in honour of Tsar Nicholas I's wife, Princess Charlotte of Prussia, who had changed her name to Alexandra Fyodorovna after converting to Orthodox Christianity.
A major
Alexandropol had been quickly transformed to become one of the major centers of the Russian troops during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78. After the establishment of the railway station in 1899, Alexandropol witnessed significant growth and became the largest city in Eastern Armenia. By the end of the 19th century, Alexandropol was home to 430 shopping stores, several workshops, cultural institutions, a girl's gymnasium, a commercial school, a theater, and leather, bear, and soap enterprises.[17]
Modern history
In 1902, the first bank in the city was opened. Until the sovietization of Armenia in 1920, Alexandropol had 31 manufacturing centers including beer, soap, textile, etc. After the
The newly established
Under Soviet rule, the name of the city was changed in 1924 to Leninakan after the deceased Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin. The city suffered an earthquake in 1926, when many of its significant buildings were destroyed including the Greek church of Saint George.
Leninakan became a major industrial center in the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic and its second-largest city, after the capital Yerevan. The city suffered major damage during the 1988 Armenian earthquake, which devastated many parts of the country. The earthquake occurred along a known thrust fault with a length of 60 kilometers (37 mi). Its strike was parallel to the Caucasus range and dipped to the north-northeast. Bruce Bolt, a seismologist and a professor of earth and planetary science at the University of California, Berkeley, walked the fault scarp in 1992 and found that the vertical displacement measured 1 m (3 ft 3 in) along most of the length with the southwest end reaching 1.6 m (5 ft 3 in).[20]
The earthquake had a disastrous impact on the city, as many buildings are still not recovered. As of 2014[update], according to some news websites, between 4,000 and 5,000 residents of Gyumri remain homeless, although there are no official figures provided by the local authorities of the city.[21]
At the time of the
Gyumri was celebrated as the Capital of Culture of the Commonwealth of Independent States for 2013. Major events took place in the city on 30 June 2013.[23]
On 12 January 2015, Valery Permyakov, a serviceman from the Russian 102nd Military Base,
On 25 June 2016,
Geography and climate
Gyumri is 126 kilometres (78 miles) north of the capital
Gyumri has a
Climate data for Gyumri, 1,523 metres (5,000 ft) asl (1991-2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 10.4 (50.7) |
14.0 (57.2) |
21.5 (70.7) |
32.4 (90.3) |
32.9 (91.2) |
33.5 (92.3) |
38.0 (100.4) |
38.2 (100.8) |
35.8 (96.4) |
30.3 (86.5) |
22.9 (73.2) |
17.6 (63.7) |
38.2 (100.8) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −2.7 (27.1) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
4.6 (40.3) |
14.0 (57.2) |
17.9 (64.2) |
22.8 (73.0) |
27.1 (80.8) |
26.7 (80.1) |
24.0 (75.2) |
15.7 (60.3) |
7.2 (45.0) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
13.0 (55.3) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −8.2 (17.2) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
7.4 (45.3) |
11.4 (52.5) |
15.9 (60.6) |
20.1 (68.2) |
19.4 (66.9) |
15.8 (60.4) |
8.7 (47.7) |
2.0 (35.6) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
6.7 (44.0) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −13.6 (7.5) |
−12 (10) |
−6.2 (20.8) |
0.8 (33.4) |
5.0 (41.0) |
8.9 (48.0) |
12.9 (55.2) |
12.1 (53.8) |
7.5 (45.5) |
1.6 (34.9) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
−9.3 (15.3) |
0.4 (32.6) |
Record low °C (°F) | −41 (−42) |
−35 (−31) |
−30.1 (−22.2) |
−16 (3) |
−7.6 (18.3) |
−3.6 (25.5) |
0.3 (32.5) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
−14.6 (5.7) |
−23.8 (−10.8) |
−31.2 (−24.2) |
−41 (−42) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 23.4 (0.92) |
20.9 (0.82) |
32.7 (1.29) |
61.8 (2.43) |
89.1 (3.51) |
66.8 (2.63) |
52.1 (2.05) |
38.3 (1.51) |
30.0 (1.18) |
42.6 (1.68) |
28.1 (1.11) |
24.6 (0.97) |
510.4 (20.1) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 5.5 | 5.1 | 7.1 | 10.7 | 13.4 | 10 | 7.1 | 6.2 | 5.2 | 6.3 | 4.9 | 6 | 87.5 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
83.3 | 80.4 | 73.1 | 67.9 | 68.8 | 65 | 62.4 | 59.6 | 61.3 | 68.6 | 74.7 | 82.6 | 70.6 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 98.4 | 112 | 146.9 | 155.4 | 208.1 | 293.6 | 344.6 | 319 | 271.5 | 196.4 | 148.4 | 100.7 | 2,395 |
Source 1: | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Climatebase.ru[29] |
Demographics
Population
The population of Gyumri has gradually grown since 1840 after gaining the status of town. A huge decline of the population was due to the disastrous earthquake of 1988. The residents here have a distinct look and style, and a boundless pride in their city. The dialect of Gyumri is a variant of Karin dialect, closely related to Western Armenian.[30]
Year | Armenians | Russians | Others | TOTAL | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1829[citation needed] | 600 | ||||||
1830[citation needed] | 4,000 | ||||||
1831[31] | 3,194 | 92.7% | — | 250 | 7.3% | 3,444 | |
1850[citation needed] | 15,000 | ||||||
1873[31] | 19,129 | 95.8% | 847 | 4.2% | 19,976 | ||
1886[31] | 22,921 | 94.6% | 1,309 | 5.4% | 24,230 | ||
1897[32] | 21,771 | 71.1% | 5,157 | 16.8% | 3,668 | 12.1% | 30,616 |
1908[33] | 33,723 | ||||||
1914[31] | 51,316 | ||||||
1916[34] | 45,646 | 88.0% | 3,306 | 6.4% | 2,146 | 4.1% | 51,874 |
1919[31] | 51,000 | ||||||
1922[31] | 43,658 | 97.8% | 998 | 2.2% | 44,656 | ||
1923[citation needed] | 58,600 | ||||||
1926[35] | 37,520 | 88.7% | 3,634 | 8.6% | 1,159 | 2.7% | 42,313 |
1931[31] | 50,483 | 95.1% | 2,592 | 4.9% | 53,075 | ||
1939[36] | 62,159 | 91.8% | 4,249 | 6.3% | 1,321 | 1.9% | 67,729 |
1959[36] | 100,960 | 93.1% | 5,630 | 5.2% | 1,856 | 1.7% | 108,446 |
1970[37] | 164,966 | ||||||
1984[citation needed] | 222,000 | ||||||
1989[38] | 122,587 | ||||||
2001[citation needed] | 150,917 | ||||||
2011[citation needed] | 121,976 | ||||||
2018[citation needed] | 114,500 |
Religion
The majority of the population in Gyumri belongs to the Armenian Apostolic Church. The Cathedral of the Holy Mother of God of Gyumri -also known as the Cathedral of the Seven Wounds of the Holy Mother of God- is the seat of the Diocese of Shirak of the Armenian Church.[39]
The
The presence of the small Russian Orthodox community along with the Russian military base personnel is marked with the Saint Alexandra the Martyr's Church (within the Russian base), the Church of Saint Michael the Archangel and the Church of Saint Arsenije.[42]
However, many historic churches in Gyumri were either ruined or destroyed, including:
- Dprevank Monastery and the Basilic Church of old Kumayri dating back to the 7th century: it was the first ever church built in old Kumayri. However, the monastic complex was completely destroyed in 1852, during the construction of Russian military barracks.
- Saint George Greek Orthodox Church, opened in 1850. It was completely destroyed in 1933–34.
- Holy Mother of God Armenian Catholic Church, built between 1849 and 1854. Although standing, the building was turned into a private residence during the Soviet period.
- Russian church of the Seversky 18th Dragoon Regiment, built in 1856. It was consecrated in 1901 and destroyed during the Soviet period.
- Russian church of the Caucasian 7th Rifle Regiment, built during the 1850s. It was completely destroyed during the Soviet period.
- Russian church of the Caucasian 8th Rifle Regiment, built during the 1850s. It was completely destroyed during the Soviet period.
- Russian church of the Baku 154th Infantry Regiment, built during the 1850s. It was completely destroyed during the Soviet period.
As of 2017[update], Gyumri is home to the following church buildings:[43]
- Saint Alexandra the Martyr's Church within the complex of the Russian military base, built in 1837–42. It was completely renovated and reopened on May 8, 2008.
- Church of the Holy Saviour or Surp Amenaprkich, constructed between 1859–1873: designed to resemble the Cathedral of Ani. The church was heavily damaged by the 1988 Spitak earthquake and is currently under reconstruction.
- Surp Nshan or Holy Sign Church: Opened in 1870.
- Saint Gregory the Illuminator's Church, built between 1875 and 1880.
- Saint Michael the Archangel Russian Orthodox Church, locally known as Plplan Zham (the Shimmering Chapel), built between 1875 and 1880.
- Cathedral of the Holy Mother of God: also known as Seven Wounds of the Holy Mother of God, constructed between 1873–1884. Currently, it is the seat of the Diocese of Shirak of the Armenian Apostolic Church.
- Saint Arseny Russian Orthodox Church, built during the 1870s and opened in 1910. It is locally known as the church of Kazachi Post.
- Saint Hripsime Chapel, opened in 1992.
- Saint Jacob of Nisibis Church: or Surp Hakob Mtsbinetsi Church, opened in 2005.
- Surp Sarkis Chapel, built in 2008 and opened in 2011.
- Surp Minas Chapel, opened in 2013.
- Cathedral of the Holy Martyrs of the Catholic Armenians, opened in 2015.
Culture
Museums and art
Gyumri is home to many prominent museums of Armenia, including the House-Museums of sculptor Sergey Merkurov, poets Avetik Isahakyan and Hovhannes Shiraz, and actor Mher Mkrtchyan. The Aslamazyan Sisters Gallery, built in the 1880s, is home to more than 700 drawings, paintings and other works of the Aslamazyan sisters who were the Soviet-era artists. The Dzitoghtsyan Museum of Social Life and National Architecture of Gyumri is an old mansion, housing collections related to both history and the everyday-life of Gyumri, as well as paintings and other works of art.
Throughout centuries, Kumayri-Gyumri was labelled as the "city of crafts and arts",[44] being famous for its schools, theaters and gusans.
In 1865, an amateur theatre group in Gyumri performed H. Karinyan's "Shushanik". In 1912, Gyumri was home to the first opera show ever staged in Armenia, when composer
The first printing house of Gyumri was founded in 1876 by G. Sanoyan and operated until 1918. It published literary works (including Avetik Isahakyan's first book), calendars, textbooks. Another printing house, Ayg (founded 1892), published historical books and the first periodical of Gyumri, Akhuryan.[46]
Gyumri is home to the Gyumri Biennial, organized by the artist Azat Sargsyan and the Gyumri Center of Contemporary Art (GCCA).[47] Gyumri was officially declared Commonwealth of Independent States cultural capital in 2013.[48]
Music
The city of Gyumri has a great contribution in Armenian folk music. Throughout the 19th century, Alexandrapol was considered the center of folk and traditional Armenian music. The musical culture of Alexandrapol has greatly influenced the art of Jivani, who is considered the founder of modern Armenian folk music during the 19th century. Another 19th-century ashik Sheram who was born in Alexandropol, is one of the earliest gusans of traditional Armenian music in the modern history of Armenia. He is one of the most celebrated Armenian composers of folk music.
The mystic philosopher of Alexandropol George Gurdjieff has produced many influential works of music during the 20th century.
Different genres of music became popular in the city during the 2nd half of the 20th century.
In 1986, the Gyumri State Orchestra of Folk Instruments was founded, followed by the Gyumri State Symphonic Orchestra founded in 1993. In 1997, the KOHAR Symphony Orchestra and Choir was founded in Gyumri through the efforts of the Lebanese-Armenian philanthropist Harout Khatchadourian. Soon after, KOHAR became one of the most celebrated choirs in Armenia as well as throughout the Armenian diaspora.[50]
Influenced by Gurdjieff, the Armenian musician
The Renaissance international music festival of Gyumri is held annually since 2009.
In 2011 WhoCares, a supergroup formed by Ian Gillan and Tony Iommi with the participation of a great number of rock artists, raised money to build the "Octet" music school in Gyumri (opened two years later).[52]
Films
Several famous Armenian films were shot in Gyumri such as The Tango of Our Childhood (Armenian: Մեր մանկության տանգոն), Triangle (Armenian: Եռանկյունի), The Dawn of the Sad Street (Armenian: Տխուր փողոցի լուսաբացը), The Merry Bus (Armenian: Ուրախ ավտոբուս) and other. The city has preserved some locations where scenes from these films were filmed.[53]
Monuments
- Kumayri historic district: is the old part of Gyumri with its unique architecture. It has more than a thousand buildings dating back to the 18th and 19th centuries. The district is one of few places in the Republic of Armenia, and the world, with authentic urban Armenian architecture. Almost all the structures of the Kumayri district have survived the two major earthquakes in 1926 and 1988 respectively. The historic district of Kumayri occupies the central and western part of modern-day Gyumri.
- Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829. Currently, it is a national cultural heritage monument of Armenia, used as an art and cultural center[57]
- The monumental statue of Mother Armenia erected in 1975.
- Vartanants Square is the central town square of Gyumri.
- Independence Square.
- Charles Aznavour Square.
- Garegin Nzhdeh Square.
- Gyumri Central Park, founded during the 1920s on the site of the old cemetery of the city.
- Statue of Avetik Isahakyan (Gyumri)
The restoration process of the damaged buildings of Gyumri has been spearheaded by Earthwatch to preserve the city's unique architecture.[58]
In spite of suffering severe damages during the disastrous earthquake in December 1988, Gyumri is still preserving its own architectural characteristics.
Local customs
The residents are Gyumri are widely known as conservative people. Traditions and local customs are widely preserved by the local citizens. It is very common among Armenians to refer to the dignity of Gyumri (Armenian: Գյումրվա թասիբ Gyumrva tasib).[59]
Gyumri is considered to be the "laughter and humor capital" of Armenia.[60] The jokes and anecdotes of local humorists like Jgher Khachik and Poloz Mukuch are widely known by the local citizens. Many works have been published to narrate about the legacy and heritage of the humor in Gyumri.[61]
The city celebrates the "Gyumri Day" annually on the first Sunday of October. It is marked with many cultural and entertainment activities.
Media
Gyumri has 4 regional TV stations:
- Tsayg TV, operating since 1991.
- Shirak Public TV, operating since 1992.
- Gala TV, operating since 2005.
- Shant, operating since 1994.
Shrjapa, a weekly, is the local newspaper of Gyumri.
Transportation
Air transportation
Gyumri is served by the international
Following moderate use in 2005 and 2006 during which annual passenger traffic was at about 46,000 and several hundred aircraft movements took place each year, the airport's activity quickly declined again to the point where in 2016 passenger traffic amounted to only 12,421 and a mere 54 aircraft movements took place. However, in the beginning of 2017, as part of new efforts to develop Gyumri and its tourism industry, the government focused on revitalizing the airport. Multiple new airlines began operating flights to the airport, including Taron Avia, a new Armenian airline based in Gyumri. In order attract more customers, the Ministry of Nature Protection made meteorological services free for all airlines flying to Gyumri, lowering ticket costs.[63] The Gyumri Technology Center also participated in helping revitalize the airport by adding interior design details to improve the airport's look.[64]
Railway
The railway junction of Gyumri is the oldest and the largest one in Armenia. It was formed in 1897 and the first railway link to Alexandropol that connected the city with Tiflis was completed in 1899. The rail line was then extended from Alexandropol to Yerevan (in 1902), Kars (in 1902),
As of 2017[update], the
Public vans and taxis
Public transport is dominated by the private sector in Gyumri. Public transit is mainly served by public vans, locally-known as marshrutka. Most of the marshrutkas Russian-made GAZelle vans with 13 seats that operate with certain routes and stops. As of 2017, the one-way trip fee is AMD 100 (around US$0.21). Passengers need to pay the money directly to the driver when getting out of the vehicle, with no established ticketing system.
The central station of the city serves as bus terminal for inter-city transport, serving outbound routes towards other major cities and towns in Armenia, as well as cities in Georgia. The M-7 Motorway passes across the Shirak Province from east to west, connecting the city of Gyumri with the rest of Armenia.
Armenia is among the top 10 safest countries where one can wander around and go home alone safely at night. Taxis are available in the city at any time of the day or night.[66]
Economy
During the pre-Soviet era, Alexandropol was considered the third-largest trade and cultural center in Transcaucasia after
The economy of Gyumri is mainly based on industry and construction. However, tourism and banking services are also among the developed sectors in the city.
The industrial sector in the provincial center Gyumri includes the production of building materials (tufa and basalt), hosiery and textile manufacturing, food processing and dairy products, alcoholic drinks, electronic machines, etc. The largest industrial plant in Gyumri is the Gyumri-Beer Brewery opened in 1972. The factory produces a variety of
The nearby village of Akhuryan is home to the "Lusastgh-Sugar" factory (opened in 2010), the largest sugar producers in the Southern Caucasus region.
Education
Gyumri has a large number of educational institutions, following the capital Yerevan in the number of educational institutions. It is considered the cultural and educational center of northern Armenia.
As of 2017, Gyumri is home to the following higher educational centers:
- Mikael Nalbandian, opened in 1934 and is currently home to 7 faculties.
- Gyumri campus of the National Polytechnic University of Armenia, operating since 1959 with 2 faculties:[69]
- Faculty of Technologies and sectoral economics,
- Faculty of Natural sciences and communication systems.
- Gyumri campus of Komitas State Conservatory of Yerevan, operating since 1988.
- Progress Gyumri University, opened in 1990.
- Shirakatsy campus of Haybusak University of Yerevan, operating since 1991.
- Imastaser Anania Shirakatsi University, opened in 1992.
- Gyumri campus of Armenian State University of Economics, operating since 1997.
- Gyumri campus of Yerevan State Academy of Fine Arts, operating since 1997.
- Gyumri campus of Yerevan State Institute of Theatre and Cinematography, operating since 1997.
In 2014, the Gyumri Technology Center was opened in the city, in an attempt to turn Gyumri into a regional and international center of information and high technologies.[70]
The Gyumri branch of Tumo Center for Creative Technologies was opened in May 2015, following a fundraising initiative by Shant TV.[71] It will move to the old theatre building of Gyumri upon the completion of the reconstruction process, expected in June 2019.[72]
As of 2017[update], the city is home to 47 public education schools, 23 pre-school kindergartens, as well as 7 special schools for music.
Sport
Football
Gyumri is home to the Armenian
The Gyumri Football Academy of the Football Federation of Armenia was opened on 13 September 2014. It is home to four natural-grass and two artificial turf regular-sized football training pitches.[73]
Futsal
Futsal is also very popular in Gyumri. Being one of the most successful Futsal teams in Armenia, FC Gyumri played at the
Olympic individual sports
Gyumri has made a major contribution to the sporting life of Armenia. Many Olympic and world champion wrestlers, weightlifters and boxers are from Gyumri. The city is notable for its worldwide champions in individual sports, such as Robert Emmiyan in long jump, Yurik Vardanyan and Nazik Avdalyan in weightlifting and Artur Aleksanyan in Greco-Roman wrestling.
Many special sport schools are serving the young generation of Gyumri such as the Robert Emmiyan school of athletics, Levon Ishtoyan football school, Tigran Petrosian school of chess, Ludvig Mnatsakanyan school of winter sports, Artur Aleksanyan school of wrestling, Yurik Vardanyan school of weightlifting, Aleksan Haobyan school of tennis and table tennis, as well as other special schools for boxing, artistic gymnastics, sambo-judo, fencing, and chess. The city is also home to the Gyumri Swimming Complex. The National Federation of Black Belts of Aikido (NFBBA) is based in Gyumri since its establishment in 2012.
The Gyumri State Sports College of Olympic Reserve and Gyumri School of Sport Masters are among the prominent sport schools in Armenia that produced many champions in several individual sports.
Twin towns – sister cities
Gyumri is twinned with:[74][75][76]
- Alexandria, United States (1990)
- Ashfield, United Kingdom (1998)
- Białystok, Poland (2013)
- Créteil, France (2009)
- Domodedovo, Russia (2014)
- Glendale, United States (2015)
- Halle, Germany (2020)
- Mozdok, Russia (2011)
- Nardò, Italy (2013)
- Osasco, Brazil (2006)
- Petah Tikva, Israel (2019)
- Pitești, Romania (2012)
- Plovdiv, Bulgaria (2004)
- Tver, Russia (2022)
- Xi'an, China (2013)
People
- Artur Aleksanyan, Olympic, European and world champion in wrestling
- Mourad Amirkhanian, opera singer (bass-baritone)
- Mkrtich Armen, Armenian novelist
- Mkrtich Arzumanyan Armenian actor
- Mariam Aslamazian, Soviet-Armenian painter
- Khachatur Avetisyan, Armenian composer
- Nazik Avdalyan, weightlifting world champion
- Olga Chekhova, Russian actress
- Robert Emmiyan, European long jump record holder
- Bagrat Galstanyan, Armenian theologian and cleric
- Alik Gunashian, popular singer
- George Gurdjieff, mystic and philosopher
- Tigran Hamasyan, jazz pianist and composer
- Avetik Isahakyan, Armenian poet
- Mnatsakan Iskandaryan, wrestling Olympic champion (1992)
- Levon Ishtoyan, footballer, Soviet champion with FC Ararat (1973)
- Levon Julfalakyan, wrestling Olympic champion (1988)
- Araksya Karapetyan, Armenian-American TV anchor
- Emil Kazaz, Armenian-American sculptor
- Karekin Khajag, journalist, victim of the genocide
- Edmond Keosayan, film director
- Hayk Kotanjian, Armenian military diplomat
- Shushanik Kurghinian, Armenian influential writer
- Vazgen Manukyan, former Prime Minister of Armenia
- Flora Martirosian, Armenian folk songs performer
- Sergey Merkurov, Soviet sculptor
- Israel Militosyan, weightlifting Olympic champion (1992)
- Ashot Mkhitaryan, weightlifting trainer
- Levon Mkrtchyan, film director
- Mher Mkrtchyan, renowned actor
- Albert Nalchajyan, psychologist and writer
- Artavazd Peleshyan, film director
- Artur Petrosyan, footballer, manager of the Armenian team
- Samvel Sevada, painter and poet
- Sheram, gusan, poet and composer
- Hovhannes Shiraz, Armenian poet
- Nariné Simonian French-Armenian musical director
- Karen Smbatyan, Armenian painter
- Svetlana Svetlichnaya, actress
- Armen Tigranian, opera composer
- Nikoghayos Tigranian, composer and ethnomusicologist
- Gennady Timchenko, Russian businessman
- Seda Tutkhalyan, Russian gymnast
- Valmar, Armenian painter
- Yurik Vardanian, weightlifting Olympic champion (1980)
- Boris Vladimirov, Soviet Army officer
- Mkhitar Manukyan, world wrestling champion
- Meline Daluzyan, european weightlifting champion
- Tigran Vardan Martirosyan, european weightlifting champion
- Nazik Avdalyan, european and world weightlifting champion
- Arsen Julfalakyan, european and world wrestling champion
- Tigran Gevorg Martirosyan, world weightlifting champion
- Vahan Bichakhchyan, Armenian footballer
See also
- Alexandropol Uyezd
- Sev Berd
- Russian 102nd Military Base
- List of Honorary Citizens of Gyumri
Notes
- ^ Classical spelling: Գիւմրի
- ^ Russian: Александрополь; Armenian: Ալեքսանդրապոլ
- ^ Armenian: Լենինական, pronounced [lɛninɑˈkɑn]; Russian: Ленинакан, pronounced [lʲɪnʲɪnəˈkan]
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