HB Jassin

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Hans Bague Jassin
HB Jassin, 1990s
Born(1917-07-13)13 July 1917
Gorontalo, Dutch East Indies
Died11 March 2000(2000-03-11) (aged 82)
Jakarta
NationalityIndonesian
Alma materUniversity of Indonesia
Yale University
Known forDocumentation and criticism of Indonesian literature
Scientific career
FieldsLiterary criticism, documentation

Hans Bague Jassin (31 July 1917 – 11 March 2000), better known as HB Jassin, was an Indonesian literary critic, documentarian, and professor. Born in

Yale. Returning to Indonesia to be a teacher, he also headed Sastra magazine. Horison, a literary magazine, was started in July 1966 by Jassin and Mochtar Lubis as a successor to Sastra, and was edited by Taufiq Ismail, Ds. Muljanto, Zaini, Su Hok Djin, and Goenawan Mohamad.[1] In 1971, Jassin was given a one-year prison sentence and a two-year probation period because as the editor of Sastra, he refused to reveal the identity of an anonymous writer who wrote a story which was considered by the court to be blasphemous.[2]

After his release, he founded HB Jassin Literary Documentation Center, using it to document Indonesian literature. After suffering six strokes towards the end of his life, Jassin died on 11 March 2000 and was buried in the Kalibata Heroes Cemetery. During his life Jassin was highly recognized for his work, acquiring the nickname "The Pope of Indonesian Literature" and receiving numerous awards.

Biography

Jassin was born in

Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij employee, and his wife Habibah Jau.[3] He had five brothers and sisters. He attended at a hollandsch-inlandsche school, a Dutch-language school for native Indonesians, in Gorontalo, where he began to read extensively. His family later moved to Medan, North Sumatra, where he attended a hogere burger school, or five-year secondary education program for native Indonesians. During this period, he began to write literary reviews, which were published in local magazines.[4] He also read numerous works of Western literature.[3]

After finishing his studies in Medan, Jassin returned to Gorontalo, where he worked at the local

Asia Raja.[5]

In 1953, Jassin enrolled in the literature program of the

Yale in the United States studying comparative literature. Upon returning to Jakarta, Jassin continued to work as a lecturer at the UI.[4][6]

Jassin was fired from his position at UI in 1964,[3] after he was one of the main signatories of the 1963 Manifesto Kebudayaan (Cultural Manifesto),[7] a response to the continued leftist pressures in literature ( notably from the Lembaga Kebudajaan Rakjat, amongst other organisations). The manifesto was banned on 8 May 1964, resulting in action against all of its signatories.[7]

In 1971, Jassin was put on trial for blasphemy for refusing to divulge the true name of the author of the short story "Langit Makin Mendung" ("The Sky is Increasingly Cloudy"), which was published in Sastra, which he edited.[8] The story, written under the pen name Ki Pandji Kusmin, depicted Allah as being similar to a human.[9] Jassin was sentenced to a year's suspended sentence; he spent two years arguing against the verdict.[10]

After his probation, Jassin returned to the UI as a permanent lecturer. Two years later, he was awarded an honorary doctorate degree. In 1976, he founded the

Taman Ismail Marzuki, with books from his own collection, which was begun in 1940.[4][11]

In 1978, Jassin produced a translation of the

Arabic. Jassin later made another translation, Al-Qur'an Berwajah Puisi (The Quran in Poetry), which also proved to be controversial.[11]

Jassin started using a wheelchair in 1996 due to a stroke. As a result of the stroke, his associates took over work on the four translations he had been working on. Jassin himself attempted to continue his work with the assistance of his niece, but was unable to keep his previous pace.[11]

Jassin died at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital in Jakarta after suffering a stroke (his sixth) on the morning of 11 March 2000. Approximately 200 people attended a prayer service for him at the HBJLDC, including noted writers Taufiq Ismail, Ajip Rosidi, and Goenawan Mohamad. He was then buried in a state funeral at the Kalibata Heroes Cemetery in South Jakarta.[11]

Personal life

Jassin was married three times. His first marriage was to Tientje van Buren, an

Ya Sin while in mourning.[13] Ten months after Arsiti died in 1962, he married Yuliko Willem, with whom he had two children.[11][4]

Legacy

Indonesian poet Gajus Siagian gave Jassin the nickname "Paus Sastra Indonesia" ("The Pope of Indonesian Literature") due to the perception that Indonesians could not truly become writers until their writings were accepted by him.[4][14] Ex-President of Indonesia Abdurrahman Wahid considered Jassin a "literary giant", stating that he had been raised with Jassin's writings.[11] Poet Sapardi Djoko Damono called Jassin unequalled in his dedication and meticulousness, stating that Jassin "would keep not only the works of authors, but even their laundry bills."[8]

Jassin was given numerous awards by the government, including the Satyalencana Kebudayaan in 1969 and Anugerah Seni in 1983. He also received numerous civilian awards, including the Martinus Nijhoff Prize in 1973 and the

Ramon Magsaysay award in 1987.[6]

Selected works

Literary criticism

  • Angkatan 45 [The Generation of 1945] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Jajasan Dharma. 1972.
  • Kesusastraan Indonesia Modern dalam Kritik dan Esei [Modern Indonesian Literature in Criticisms and Essays] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Gunung Agung. 1954–1967. (four volumes)

Translations

References

Footnotes
  1. OCLC 462738753
    .
  2. ^ "HB Jassin dies of stroke". The Jakarta Post. Jakarta. 12 March 2000. Archived from the original on 22 July 2009. Retrieved 23 November 2011.
  3. ^ a b c Saaed 2005, p. 86.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g TokohIndonesia.com, H.B. Jassin.
  5. ^ Mahayana 2007, pp. 209–215.
  6. ^ a b Rampan 2000, p. 188.
  7. ^ a b Rampan 2000, p. 189.
  8. ^ a b The Jakarta Post 2000-03-12, Memory of Jassin.
  9. ^ McGlynn & Sulistyo 2007, p. 86.
  10. ^ Mujiburrahman 2006, p. 214.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g The Jakarta Post 2000-03-12, HB Jassin.
  12. ^ Saaed 2005, p. 89.
  13. ^ Saaed 2005, p. 87.
  14. ^ "Biography of Jassin, H. B., 1917- | Southeast Asia Digital Library". sea.lib.niu.edu. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
Bibliography
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