HES1
Transcription factor HES1 (hairy and enhancer of split-1) is a protein that is encoded by the Hes1 gene, and is the mammalian homolog of the hairy gene in Drosophila.[5][6] HES1 is one of the seven members of the Hes gene family (HES1-7). Hes genes code nuclear proteins that suppress transcription.[7]
This protein belongs to the basic
Structure
There are three conserved domains in Hes genes that impart transcriptional functions: the bHLH domain, the Orange domain, and the WRPW motif. Hes genes differ from other bHLH factors in that they have a proline residue in the middle of the basic DNA binding region. This proline has been proposed to give Hes proteins unique DNA binding capacity. While most bHLH factors bind to the E-box consensus sequence (CANNTG) that is present in the promoter region of target genes, Hes factors bind more preferentially to the Class C site or N box (CACNAG).[7] The Orange domain serves to regulate the choice of bHLH heterodimer partners.[9] The C-terminal WRPW domain inhibits transcription.[10]
Interactions
Similarly to other HES proteins, Hes1 has been shown to
HES1 and stem cells
HES1 influences the maintenance of certain
Neural development
HES1 is expressed in both
Additionally, HES1 can guide neural stem cells down one of two paths of differentiation. HES1 can maintain neural stem cells expressing
Interactions with the Notch pathway
HES1 also plays an important role in the
Digestive system
HES1 has been shown to influence the differentiation decision of cells in the gastrointestinal tract. In
References
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000114315 - Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000022528 - Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- PMID 8020957.
- ^ a b "Entrez Gene: HES1 hairy and enhancer of split 1, (Drosophila)".
- ^ S2CID 1693293.
- S2CID 30725650.
- PMID 15531363.
- PMID 15896295.
- S2CID 14574755.
- PMID 9874198.
- PMID 12535671.
- PMID 15496443.
- ^ S2CID 25283902.
- S2CID 10018858.
- ^ PMID 19684110.
- S2CID 870946.
- S2CID 12570403.
- PMID 16594731.
- ^ S2CID 37382174.
- PMID 15578515.
Further reading
- Takebayashi K, Sasai Y, Sakai Y, Watanabe T, Nakanishi S, Kageyama R (1994). "Structure, chromosomal locus, and promoter analysis of the gene encoding the mouse helix-loop-helix factor HES-1. Negative autoregulation through the multiple N box elements". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (7): 5150–6. PMID 7906273.
- Grbavec D, Stifani S (1996). "Molecular interaction between TLE1 and the carboxyl-terminal domain of HES-1 containing the WRPW motif". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 223 (3): 701–5. PMID 8687460.
- Ström A, Castella P, Rockwood J, Wagner J, Caudy M (1998). "Mediation of NGF signaling by post-translational inhibition of HES-1, a basic helix-loop-helix repressor of neuronal differentiation". Genes Dev. 11 (23): 3168–81. PMID 9389649.
- Votruba M, Payne A, Moore AT, Bhattacharya SS (1998). "Dominant optic atrophy: exclusion and fine genetic mapping of the candidate gene, HRY". Mamm. Genome. 9 (10): 784–7. S2CID 25575546.
- Bae S, Bessho Y, Hojo M, Kageyama R (2000). "The bHLH gene Hes6, an inhibitor of Hes1, promotes neuronal differentiation". Development. 127 (13): 2933–43. PMID 10851137.
- Yao J, Lai E, Stifani S (2001). "The winged-helix protein brain factor 1 interacts with groucho and hes proteins to repress transcription". Mol. Cell. Biol. 21 (6): 1962–72. PMID 11238932.
- Iso T, Sartorelli V, Poizat C, Iezzi S, Wu HY, Chung G, Kedes L, Hamamori Y (2001). "HERP, a novel heterodimer partner of HES/E(spl) in Notch signaling". Mol. Cell. Biol. 21 (17): 6080–9. PMID 11486045.
- Dintilhac A, Bernués J (2002). "HMGB1 interacts with many apparently unrelated proteins by recognizing short amino acid sequences". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (9): 7021–8. PMID 11748221.
- Jögi A, Persson P, Grynfeld A, Påhlman S, Axelson H (2002). "Modulation of basic helix-loop-helix transcription complex formation by Id proteins during neuronal differentiation". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (11): 9118–26. PMID 11756408.
- Kunisato A, Chiba S, Nakagami-Yamaguchi E, Kumano K, Saito T, Masuda S, Yamaguchi T, Osawa M, Kageyama R, Nakauchi H, Nishikawa M, Hirai H (2003). "HES-1 preserves purified hematopoietic stem cells ex vivo and accumulates side population cells in vivo". Blood. 101 (5): 1777–83. S2CID 40234452.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, Derge JG, Klausner RD, Collins FS, Wagner L, Shenmen CM, Schuler GD, Altschul SF, Zeeberg B, Buetow KH, Schaefer CF, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Jordan H, Moore T, Max SI, Wang J, Hsieh F, Diatchenko L, Marusina K, Farmer AA, Rubin GM, Hong L, Stapleton M, Soares MB, Bonaldo MF, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brownstein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Prange C, Raha SS, Loquellano NA, Peters GJ, Abramson RD, Mullahy SJ, Bosak SA, McEwan PJ, McKernan KJ, Malek JA, Gunaratne PH, Richards S, Worley KC, Hale S, Garcia AM, Gay LJ, Hulyk SW, Villalon DK, Muzny DM, Sodergren EJ, Lu X, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madan A, Young AC, Shevchenko Y, Bouffard GG, Blakesley RW, Touchman JW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Krzywinski MI, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Marra MA (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. PMID 12477932.
- Takata T, Ishikawa F (2003). "Human Sir2-related protein SIRT1 associates with the bHLH repressors HES1 and HEY2 and is involved in HES1- and HEY2-mediated transcriptional repression". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 301 (1): 250–7. PMID 12535671.
- Gratton MO, Torban E, Jasmin SB, Theriault FM, German MS, Stifani S (2003). "Hes6 promotes cortical neurogenesis and inhibits Hes1 transcription repression activity by multiple mechanisms". Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (19): 6922–35. PMID 12972610.
- Thomsen JS, Kietz S, Ström A, Gustafsson JA (2004). "HES-1, a novel target gene for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor". Mol. Pharmacol. 65 (1): 165–71. S2CID 22942120.
- Kamakura S, Oishi K, Yoshimatsu T, Nakafuku M, Masuyama N, Gotoh Y (2004). "Hes binding to STAT3 mediates crosstalk between Notch and JAK-STAT signalling". Nat. Cell Biol. 6 (6): 547–54. S2CID 36887899.
- Persson P, Stockhausen MT, Påhlman S, Axelson H (2005). "Ubiquilin-1 is a novel HASH-1-complexing protein that regulates levels of neuronal bHLH transcription factors in human neuroblastoma cells". Int. J. Oncol. 25 (5): 1213–21. PMID 15492808.
- Aguilera C, Hoya-Arias R, Haegeman G, Espinosa L, Bigas A (2004). "Recruitment of IkappaBalpha to the hes1 promoter is associated with transcriptional repression". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 (47): 16537–42. PMID 15536134.
- Fryer CJ, White JB, Jones KA (2005). "Mastermind recruits CycC:CDK8 to phosphorylate the Notch ICD and coordinate activation with turnover". Mol. Cell. 16 (4): 509–20. PMID 15546612.
External links
- HES1+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.