HIV/AIDS in Botswana

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

AIDS epidemics in the world. The national HIV prevalence rate among adults ages 15 to 49 is 24.8 percent, which is the third highest in the world, behind Lesotho and Eswatini.[1] HIV/AIDS threatens the many developmental gains Botswana has achieved since its independence in 1966, including economic growth, political stability, a rise in life expectancy
, and the establishment of functioning public educational and health care systems.

The prevalence and impact of HIV/AIDS in Botswana is notoriously hard to estimate. For example, it was in 2006 calculated that high HIV infection rates should cause slight annual population decline.[2] However the 2011 census showed robust population growth averaging 1.9% per year since the previous census in 2001.[3]

Prevalence

Botswana is in general well-equipped and with strong infrastructure to test the population for HIV, meaning that the prevalence may in fact be on par with other African nations, whilst being reported as being the nation with the second highest HIV prevalence rates in the world.

Selebi Phikwe, where the prevalence remains as high as 40%.[7]

Efforts to control

Following the first reported case of HIV in Botswana in 1985, the country's response was mainly focused on screening blood to eliminate the risk of transmission through transfusion.[1] Public spending on tackling HIV/AIDS was minimal by today's standards and remained so until 1997. Consequently, while life expectancy in Botswana stood at 65 years in 1990, it was estimated to have fallen to 57 years by 1997 and to just 35 years in 2005.[8] However, after the 2011 census life expectancy was revised upwards to 54.5 years.[9] In 1997, the government of Quett Masire outlined a 'national vision' (Vision 2016) to outline the country's long-term aims. It stated that "By the year 2016, the spread of the HIV virus that causes AIDS will have stopped, so that there will be no new infections by the virus in that year."[10]

Since 1997, the government has been significantly more proactive in combating the epidemic. Under the governments of

US$340 million, of which approximately two-thirds was provided by Botswana's central government (a significantly higher proportion than in other sub-Saharan nations).[1]

In 2011, the Ministry of Education introduced new HIV/AIDS education technology for schools. The TeachAIDS prevention software, developed at Stanford University, was distributed to every primary, secondary, and tertiary educational institution in the country, reaching all learners from 6 to 24 years of age.[14] There is evidence that these policies are having some impact, for example HIV prevalence among 15- to 19-year-olds fell from 24.7 percent in 2001 to 13.2 percent in 2009.[15] However, at the household level, families face increasing health expenditures to meet the needs of family members with HIV/AIDS. At the same time, they are experiencing loss of income as productive family members become sick and die.

Botswana's workforce is being depleted as many productive adults develop AIDS and are no longer able to work. According to the US State Department, between 1999 and 2005 Botswana lost approximately 17 percent of its health care workforce due to AIDS.[16] By 2020, it has been projected that the loss in agricultural labour force due to AIDS could be more than 23 percent.[17]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d "HIV & Aids in Botswana". AVERT International HIV & Aids Charity. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
  2. ^ Central Intelligence Agency (2007). "Botswana". The World Factbook 2007. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
  3. ^ 2011 Population & Housing Census Preliminary Results Brief
  4. PMID 22870041
    .
  5. ^ Edwin, Patricia (18 October 2012). "Botswana falls short in AIDS fight". MmegiOnline. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
  6. U.S. State Department. 2008. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain
    .
  7. ^ "Botswana's stunning achievement against AIDS". NPR.org. National Public Radio. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
  8. ^ "Botswana 2012 Global AIDS response report" (PDF). UN AIDS. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
  9. ^ Central Intelligence Agency (2014). "Botswana". The World Factbook. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
  10. ^ "Vision 2016" (PDF). Botswana National Vision Council. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
  11. ^ Garrett, Laurie (Jan–Feb 2007). "The Challenge of Global Health". Foreign Affairs. 86 (1): 14–38.
  12. ^ "Hope Out of Pain: Botswana's AIDS story". BBC. 13 July 2004. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
  13. ^ "Progress Report of the National Response to the 2011 Declaration of the Commitments on HIV and AIDS" (PDF). National AIDS Coordinating Agency. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
  14. ^ "UNICEF funds TeachAIDS work in Botswana". TeachAIDS. 2 June 2010. Retrieved 24 January 2011.
  15. ^ "Country spotlight Botswana: 'the AIDS response has been catalytic in strengthening our health system'". UN AIDS. Retrieved 13 January 2013.
  16. ^ "2007 Country Profile: Botswana" (PDF).
  17. ^ "The impact of HIV/AIDS on agriculture and food security". www.fao.org.

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