HIV/AIDS in Zambia
The government of Zambia created an AIDS surveillance committee as early as 1986, and created an emergency plan to control the spread by 1987. By 2005, the government made
Background
Zambia is a landlocked, economically backward county in Africa. It is rated 166th in Human Development Index in 2006 out of a total of 177 countries based on the Human Development Report of the United Nations. By the end of 2006, a total of 39.5 million people in the world were infected by HIV and 2.9 million people died on account of ailments arising out of AIDS. Africa is the leader in AIDS with close to 60% of HIV victims and has been the leading cause of death in Africa.[7]
Statistics
As per the 2000 Zambian census, the people affected by HIV or AIDS constituted 15 per cent of the population, amounting to one million, of which 60% estimated were women. The pandemic results in increased number of orphans, with an estimated 600,000 orphans in the country. It is estimated that by 2014, 974,000 children would be orphaned.[8] The victims are high in Lusaka and Copperbelt provinces in spite of the provinces being the most urban. As per the estimate from 2006, the HIV positive cases is 5 per cent in the age group 15–19 years, 25 per cent from 30 to 34 years and 17% from 45 to 49 years. HIV was more prevalent in urban areas compared to rural areas.[9]
Infected with HIV | Central | Copperbelt
|
Eastern | Luapula
|
Lusaka | Northern | North-Western | Southern | Western | Grand Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1985 | 1,448 | 6,719 | 779 | 427 | 1,518 | 539 | 250 | 23,960 | 1,067 | 36,707 |
1990 | 12,516 | 154,131 | 11,864 | 6,971 | 23,828 | 6,529 | 3,104 | 65,467 | 9,171 | 293,581 |
1995 | 49,682 | 235,586 | 49,750 | 32,447 | 111,753 | 32,452 | 15,855 | 103,202 | 35,208 | 665,935 |
2000 | 79,902 | 265,518 | 76,213 | 46,293 | 155,729 | 56,050 | 25,735 | 117,477 | 54,123 | 877,040 |
2003 | 86,654 | 270,590 | 81,509 | 48,988 | 159,409 | 62,430 | 27,418 | 120,425 | 57,844 | 915,267 |
2001 | 83,080 | 270,781 | 78,511 | 47,465 | 158,506 | 58,683 | 26,517 | 120,188 | 55,919 | 899,650 |
2002 | 85,490 | 270,945 | 80,157 | 48,426 | 160,240 | 60,802 | 27,045 | 120,347 | 57,252 | 910,704 |
2004 | 87,435 | 270,525 | 81,785 | 49,462 | 157,997 | 63,812 | 27,587 | 120,768 | 58,347 | 917,718 |
2005 | 87,144 | 268,790 | 81,680 | 49,798 | 155,687 | 65,020 | 27,676 | 120,672 | 58,224 | 914,691 |
2006 | 86,734 | 266,706 | 81,504 | 50,127 | 153,187 | 65,385 | 27,738 | 120,309 | 58,015 | 909,705 |
2007 | 86,238 | 264,358 | 81,228 | 50,435 | 150,408 | 65,567 | 27,772 | 119,829 | 57,673 | 903,508 |
2008 | 85,637 | 261,807 | 80,938 | 50,685 | 147,584 | 65,749 | 27,769 | 119,200 | 57,298 | 896,667 |
2009 | 84,993 | 259,111 | 80,560 | 50,959 | 144,640 | 65,772 | 27,795 | 118,417 | 56,861 | 889,108 |
2010 | 84,321 | 256,374 | 80,193 | 51,211 | 141,663 | 65,787 | 27,815 | 117,471 | 56,308 | 881,143 |
Estimated killed in AIDS | Central | Copperbelt
|
Eastern | Luapula
|
Lusaka | Northern | North-Western | Southern | Western | Grand Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1985 | 028 | 107 | 012 | 006 | 024 | 010 | 004 | 635 | 019 | 845 |
1990 | 410 | 4,664 | 384 | 198 | 640 | 207 | 087 | 3,690 | 314 | 10,594 |
1995 | 2,306 | 17,485 | 2,688 | 1,478 | 4,786 | 1,476 | 655 | 8,397 | 1,684 | 40,955 |
2000 | 5,833 | 26,801 | 6,721 | 3,682 | 12,188 | 4,166 | 1,848 | 11,379 | 4,097 | 76,715 |
2003 | 7,877 | 27,704 | 8,818 | 4,761 | 15,597 | 5,712 | 2,522 | 12,143 | 5,438 | 90,572 |
2001 | 6,648 | 27,549 | 7,597 | 4,141 | 13,658 | 4,727 | 2,119 | 12,075 | 4,641 | 83,155 |
2002 | 7,311 | 27,798 | 8,316 | 4,486 | 14,758 | 5,247 | 2,336 | 12,331 | 5,076 | 87,659 |
2004 | 8,399 | 27,609 | 9,319 | 4,995 | 16,274 | 6,103 | 2,684 | 12,524 | 5,763 | 93,670 |
2005 | 8,747 | 27,553 | 9,614 | 5,131 | 16,569 | 6,418 | 2,792 | 12,578 | 5,971 | 95,373 |
2006 | 8,978 | 27,477 | 9,730 | 5,204 | 16,617 | 6,657 | 2,856 | 12,586 | 6,097 | 96,202 |
2007 | 9,098 | 27,405 | 9,719 | 5,232 | 16,468 | 6,807 | 2,887 | 12,574 | 6,150 | 96,340 |
2008 | 9,133 | 27,275 | 9,627 | 5,234 | 16,211 | 6,901 | 2,892 | 12,541 | 6,150 | 95,964 |
2009 | 9,097 | 27,094 | 9,481 | 5,224 | 15,849 | 6,949 | 2,880 | 12,485 | 6,109 | 95,168 |
2010 | 9,016 | 26,799 | 9,338 | 5,209 | 15,429 | 6,958 | 2,859 | 12,403 | 6,044 | 94,055 |
Causes
The primary modes of HIV transmission are through sex, intravenous drug use and mother-to-child transmission. HIV prevalence rates vary considerably within the country. Infection rates are highest in cities and towns along major transportation routes and lower in rural areas with low population density. HIV prevalence among pregnant women can range from less than 10 percent in some areas to 30 percent in others. In general, however, young women ages 25 to 34 are at much higher risk of being infected by HIV than young men in the same age group. The prevalence rates are 12.7 and 3.8 percent, respectively.
Measures
The government of Zambia created an AIDS surveillance committee as early as 1986 and created an emergency plan to control the spread by 1987. As per the plan, all
With about one million Zambians living with HIV/AIDS and 200,000 of these persons requiring ART, the Government of the Republic of Zambia has prioritized making ART available to all Zambians in need. A 2006 rapid assessment of the Zambian ART program identified several important constraints including: inadequate human resources for counseling, testing, and treatment-related care; gaps in supply of drugs in the public sector; increase in value of the Zambian kwacha; lack of adequate logistic/supply chain systems; stigma that hinders people from seeking treatment and care; lack of information on the availability of treatment services; a high level of misinformation about ART; need for a continuous funding stream as an accumulation of patients on ART results in a growing need for support; high cost of ART to patients, despite subsidies from the public sector; lack of referral between counseling and testing services and ART; and lack of referral between home-based care services, testing and ART.[13]
See also
Notes
- ^ "Zambia UNAIDS". UNAIDS. 2018. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
- ^ Romm, Norma. "Report on HIV/AIDS in Relation to the Informal Sector in Zambia". oit.org.
- PMID 11396444.
- ISBN 9780387938356.)
{{cite book}}
:|last1=
has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - PMID 17708137.
- PMID 17892568.
- ^ Kapungwe 2009, pp. 1–2
- ISBN 9789211317749.
- ^ Kapungwe 2009, p. 3
- ^ a b "AIDS and HIV statistics". Central Statistical Office of Zambia. 2011. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
- ^ a b LGBT in Zambia (PDF) (Report). Huachen.org. 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 October 2008. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
- ^ "Zambia: People With Disabilities Left Behind in HIV Response". Human Rights Watch. 15 July 2014. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- ^ U.S. Department of State. 2008. Retrieved 25 August 2008. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Kapungwe 2009, p. 9
References
- Kapungwe, Augustus Kasumpa (2009). Youth and Government's Fight Against HIV/AIDS in Zambia: A Closer Look at Some Underlying Assumptions. African Books Collective. ISBN 9789994455393.f
Further reading
- Children as Caregivers: The Global Fight Against Tuberculosis and HIV in Zambia by Jean Hunleth, 2017, Rutgers University Press