HMS Amelia (1796)
HMS Amelia Chasing the French frigate Aréthuse.
Painted in 1852 by John Christian Schetky | |
History | |
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France | |
Name | Proserpine |
Builder | Brest, France |
Laid down | December 1784[1] |
Launched | 25 June 1785 |
Commissioned | August 1785 |
Fate | Captured by the Royal Navy on 13 June 1796 |
Great Britain | |
Acquired | 13 June 1796 by capture |
Commissioned | August 1797 |
Renamed | Renamed HMS Amelia on capture |
Honors and awards |
|
Fate | Broken up in December 1816 |
General characteristics [4] | |
Class and type | Hébé-class frigate |
Tons burthen | 1,05935⁄94 (bm) |
Length | 151 ft 4 in (46.1 m) (overall); 126 ft 1+3⁄8 in (38.4 m) |
Beam | 39 ft 8+7⁄8 in (12.1 m) |
Depth of hold | 12 ft 6+1⁄2 in (3.8 m) |
Sail plan | Full-rigged ship |
Complement |
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Armament |
|
Proserpine was a 38-gun
Construction
Proserpine was a
Proserpine was stationed at
On 23 June 1795, under Captain Daugier, Proserpine took part in the Battle of Groix as the flagship of Admiral Villaret de Joyeuse. She unsuccessfully attempted to regroup the French fleet, almost colliding with the Droits de l'Homme in the process. Proserpine then fired a broadside at the approaching British fleet before she escaped.[8]
Almost a year later, on 13 June 1796, about 12
As the Royal Navy already had a
plans made following survey at Plymouth in 1797 are now in the National Maritime Museum.British service
Captain
The Battle of Tory Island (1798)
She joined
The Channel blockade (1798–1802)
On 31 January 1799, while at anchor in the Hamoaze, Formidable broke free from her moorings and struck the Amelia. Fortunately both ships had struck their topmasts and damage was light. Amelia was able to sail on 4 February.[12]
On 9 April, after reconnoitring two French frigates in
On 29 August 1800, in Vigo Bay, Admiral Sir
During a dark and stormy night on 5 February 1801 Amelia captured the French
On 10 May Amelia had just anchored close to the mouth of the Loire when she saw a brig sailing into the river. As soon as the privateer spotted Amelia she
On 23 June Amelia took bullocks out to the Channel Fleet.[17] This was a common occurrence, with the Victualing Office using warships returning to the blockade to deliver meat on the hoof.
At the end of June, Amelia sailed to
Next, on 4 August, a
On 8 August the
In September Amelia captured a number of coasters and brigs in the Bay of Biscay. One of them, the brig Cheodore, laden with sardines, arrived in Plymouth on 27 September, together with another brig in ballast. Shortly after, a seaman from Amelia died in the Royal Naval Hospital after being wounded by a loaded musket that went off as the armourer was cleaning it. At the inquest, on 19 October, Mr Whitford, the coroner for Devon recorded a verdict of accidental death. Two more men were wounded but recovered and a third man, who was killed on the spot, was buried at sea.
Anti-smuggling service and the Peace of Amiens (1802–1803)
On 6 January 1802 Amelia was ordered to be victualed for 4 months, and 21 days later she sailed on a cruise against smugglers. During the night of 1 March some words passed between the boat's crew of Amelia and some Portuguese seamen at the Pier Head, Barbican, Plymouth. A violent scuffle ensued that developed into a battle; during the conflict one of the Portuguese drew a long knife and stabbed one of Amelia's men in the groin. He bled profusely but a surgeon managed to stop the flow. The Portuguese fled but were rounded up the following morning.
In April 1802 Captain Lord Proby took command. On 6 May Amelia sailed from Plymouth for Cork, Waterford and Dublin with 150 discharged seamen, returning on 28 May. Orders came down from London on 11 June that all the sloops and frigates in the Sound were to be sent to sea immediately as the coast from Berry Head to Mount's Bay was infested with smugglers. Amelia, Amethyst, Blanche, and Rosario were immediately victualled for two months. By the end of August 1802, Amelia had sailed for Den Helder with Dutch troops discharged from the British service. She returned on 4 September.
1803 saw Amelia based mainly at Portsmouth. She arrived there from the Downs on 27 March and sailed on 1 April with part of the 83rd (County of Dublin) Regiment of Foot for Jersey. She was back on 8 April and sailed again for the Downs on the 15th.
In May she was part of the squadron under Rear Admiral
On 11 August Amelia sent the French privateer lugger Alerte, of 4 guns and 27 men, into Portsmouth. She chased two others in mid-channel before returning on 16 August. She sailed again on a cruise two days later. The extent of her success against smugglers is hard to judge. On 14 August she did catch at sea one Henry Sothcott (born 1774), who was sentenced to 5 years pressed into the Navy for smuggling; he jumped ship within seven months.[21]
The West Indies (1804–1807)
Amelia deployed to the Leeward Islands Station, but her Captain, Lord Proby, died on 6 August 1804 at age 25 at Surinam, from yellow fever.[22] Captain William Charles Fahie took command while the ship was in Barbados. In December she captured the Spanish brig Isabella and the ship Conception, both laden with wine and brandy, and the ship Commerce, laden with cotton. Amelia returned to Deptford and in 1807 refitted at Sheerness.
Battle of Les Sables-d'Olonne
December 1807 saw Captain
The Battle of the Basque Roads (1809)
Amelia was present with Admiral Lord Gambier at the blockade of Basque Roads in April 1809. There she was directed to dislodge the French who were endeavouring to strengthen their position in Aix Roads. On 1 April she destroyed some batteries there. She was reconnoitering with Alcmene when Alcmene was wrecked on the Three Stones on the north end of the La Blanche shoal near the mouth of the Loire on 30 April.[23] Amelia was instrumental in rescuing the crew and a great part of Alcmene's stores.[24]
Action at Santander (1809–10)
On 15 May 1809 Lord Gambier ordered Captain Irby to investigate the situation at St Ander where an attack was about to be made by Spanish patriots on the French troops in the town. Statira joined him on 8 June but strong winds and current prevented them getting there before 10 June. As they approached they could see firing on shore and several vessels trying to escape from the harbour. The two British ships captured three French vessels: the corvette Mouche, of sixteen brass 8-pounders and 180 men; the brig Réjouie with eight 8-pounders;[c] and a schooner, Mouche No. 7, with one 4-pounder gun.[27][28] They also took two luggers: Légère, which was unseaworthy so her cargo was put on board Réjouie; and Notre Dame, a Spanish vessel the French had seized.[29]
The aide-de-camp to General Ballestero reported that the town was in possession of the Spanish and that the French troops had all surrendered. Because of the large number of prisoners, Captain Irby sent Statira into the harbour with the prizes while Amelia remained off the coast in hopes of being able to render more assistance to the Spaniards. The corvette Mouche, which the sloop Goldfinch and the hired armed lugger Black Joke had recently engaged, had been a threat to British trade for some time.[29] Lloyd's List reported that on 20 June the French corvette Mouche, of 18 guns and 180 men, with "Soldier's Cloathing, and Specie", the "French brig Resource laden with masts", and a "French schooner in Ballast" had arrived at Plymouth. They had arrived from St Ander and were prizes to Statira and Amelia.[30][d]
Later, one of Captain Irby's contemporary reports states:
I have been cruising for these two months past between Bayonne and Santona. In addition to the troops I have observed under arms, there has been a great proportion of armed peasantry at Baquio, a small place to the westward of Rachidaes; as our boats were returning from destroying some batteries, they were attacked by armed peasantry alone, who were dispersed by shot from the ship, and also since they have assisted the French troops, when we captured a vessel laden with military stores from St. Ander.
— Captain Irby to Mr Croft, HMS Amelia, Coruña, 6 May 1810[32]
Amelia and the British privateer Sorcière recaptured Wanstead on 3 April 1810.[33][e] After her recapture, her captors took Wanstead into Plymouth.[35]
Capture of the privateer Charles (1810)
Amelia captured the corvette-built privateer Charles of Bordeaux on 8 November 1810 about 400 miles west of Finisterre (44°41′N 21°24′W / 44.683°N 21.400°W). Amelia chased Charles for 13 hours, with the speed reaching as much as 12.5 knots. Charles, of 300 tons burthen (bm), was pierced for 22 guns but mounted twelve 6-pounder guns and eight 18-pounder carronades, all English measurement. She had a crew of 170 men under the command of Pierre Alexandre Marrauld. Charles was about eight months old, but was on her maiden cruise, having sailed from Lorient on 4 October bound for Île de France. Amelia arrived in Plymouth Sound on 16 November.[36][f]
Destruction of Amazone
On the morning of 24 March 1811 Captain
, joined Berwick, hoping to launch an attack with boats. When the tides proved too strong for a boat attack, Niobe led in, with Amelia and Berwick following in succession, and they fired on Amazone for two hours, before sailing outn. Amelia had one man killed and one wounded in the exchange. The British squadron sailed in again on the following morning to renew the attack but her crew had set fire to Amazone and she had burned to the waterline.Passage to Canada (1811)
Leaving Lymington on 11 April 1811, Amelia sailed for Canada with a convoy. On 18 June she left Quebec carrying General Sir James Henry Craig from Canada to England when he was relieved as Governor-General.[38]
The West African Station (1811–1813)
On 15 October 1811 Amelia sailed for the coast of Africa where Captain Irby became senior officer of the anti-slavery squadron there. Throughout her time on the station Amelia suffered with damp powder. Although the large portion which had caked in the magazine was sent ashore to be dried, the problem was never properly solved. In June 1812 Irby learned that the natives at Winneba, halfway between Accra and Cape Coast Castle, had murdered Mr Meredith, the governor of the fort. When the authorities at Cape Coast Castle asked for Captain Irby's assistance he sailed for Winneba with a detachment of the Africa corps under Mr Smith, Governor of Fort Tantumquery, and anchored off the port on 2 July. The natives had fled so he landed his marines and the troops, who demolished the fort.
In January 1813 Lieutenant Pascoe had to run his gunbrig
Amelia and Aréthuse
Pascoe reported back on 3 February that he had sighted a force consisting of three ships. Two were the French frigates
The British losses were heavy, with 46 killed, including Lieutenants John Bates, John Pope and George Wills, Lieutenant William Pascoe, the commander of Daring, and Second Lieutenant R G Grainger, Royal Marines. Five more men died of their wounds later. Fifty-one were dangerously or seriously wounded, and 44 slightly wounded. Captain Irby appointed Lieutenant Reeve, invalided from
Aréthuse mounted twenty-six 18-pounder long guns on the main deck and fourteen 24-pounder carronades and two 8-pounder long guns on the upper deck.[39] Amelia put more than 30 round shot in her hull on the starboard side below the quarter deck and, according to one report, the French suffered at least 31 killed and 74 wounded; French accounts report 20 killed and 88,[40] to 98 wounded.[41] Still, Aréthuse arrived in St Malo on 19 April. Rubis was burnt on 8 February when it was found impossible to re-float her. A flavour of the intensity of the battle may be gained from William James writing in his Naval History of Great Britain, 1793 – 1827:
The Amelia ... in attempting a second time to cross her antagonist, a second time fell on board of her; and the two ships now swang close alongside, the muzzles of their guns almost touching. This was at about 9 h. 15 m. p.m., and a scene of great mutual slaughter ensued. The two crews snatched the spunges out of each other's hands through the portholes, and cut at one another with the broadsword. The Amelia's men now attempted to lash the two frigates together, but were unable, on account of the heavy fire of musketry kept up from the Aréthuse decks and tops; a fire that soon nearly cleared the Amelia's quarterdeck of both officers and men ... Here was a long and bloody action between two (taking guns and men together) nearly equal opponents, which gave a victory to neither. Each combatant withdrew exhausted from the fight; and each, as is usual in the few cases of drawn battles that have occurred, claimed the merit of having forced the other to the measure.[42]
In addition to her ship's company, she brought at least one passenger: Exbury parish baptism register records the baptism on 6 June 1813 of a boy, "Irby Amelia Frederick, aged 9 or 10, a native of Poppoe near Whidah, Africa, who was stolen as a slave, but rescued at sea by HMS Amelia" – it is recorded in the Baptismal Register of 1813 as being "in grateful testimony of the humanity and intrepidity of his gallant deliverer".[43]
Reserve at Portsmouth and Mediterranean service (1813–1816)
Amelia paid off at Portsmouth in May 1813, underwent a small repair, and then was placed in ordinary.[4] The Honourable Granville Proby, younger brother of Lord William Proby, who had died in command in 1804, recommissioned her for a cruise in 1814. She was in Leghorn in December 1816, and was broken up at Deptford that same month,[4] having given 30 years of continual wartime service to both the French and British navies.
Commanding officers
From | To | Captain[44] |
---|---|---|
September 1797 | 1802 | Captain the Honourable Charles Herbert
|
April 1802 | 6 August 1804 | Captain William Allen Proby, Lord Proby (died in command) |
January 1805 | February 1805 | Captain John Woolcombe |
February 1805 | June 1805 | Lieutenant Charles Eakins (acting) |
June 1805 | May 1806 | Captain William Charles Fahie |
May 1806 | October 1807 | Captain William Champain |
October 1807 | 1813 | Captain Frederick Paul Irby |
1814 | 1816 | Captain the Honourable Granville Proby |
Notes
- d; a fifth-class share, that of a seaman, was worth 1s 9+1⁄2d.[14]
- d.[20]
- ^ Rejouie had been launched in 1795 at Bayonne as a corvette-cannonière of 450 tons (French) displacement, and converted to a gabarre of 190 tons (French) displacement.[25][26]
- ^ The corvette Mouche, of 29136⁄94 tons (bm), 100 ft 0 in (30.5 m) in length and 26 ft 5 in (8.1 m) in breadth, was auctioned off at Plymouth on 10 October 1809.[31]
- ^ Sorciere was a lugger of 57 tons (bm), armed with four 12-pounder guns and carrying a crew of 30 men under the command of Thomas Gilbert. He had received a letter of marque on 12 May 1809.[34]
- Semillante.[37]This is difficult to reconcile with Irby's description of Charles as being of 300 tons (bm) and on her maiden cruise.
Citation
- ^ a b c d e Demerliac (1999), p. 57, #341.
- ^ "No. 20939". The London Gazette. 26 January 1849. p. 238.
- ^ "No. 20939". The London Gazette. 26 January 1849. p. 246.
- ^ a b c d Winfield (2008), p. 161.
- ^ a b c "No. 13902". The London Gazette. 18 June 1796. p. 579.
- ^ Levot (1866), p. 528.
- ^ "Association des Amis et Passionnés du Père-Lachaise (Association of Friends and Fans of Père-Lachaise) (French Language)". Archived from the original on 3 November 2007. Retrieved 31 October 2008.
- ^ "LeVillage.org website (French Language)". Archived from the original on 24 December 2007. Retrieved 31 October 2008.
- ^ Object ZAZ2261, National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London
- ^ Object ZAZ2260, National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London
- ^ "No. 20939". The London Gazette. 26 January 1849. p. 239.
- ^ Naval Chronicle, Vol. 1, p.253.
- ^ "No. 15292". The London Gazette. 9 September 1800. p. 1029.
- ^ "No. 15434". The London Gazette. 8 December 1801. p. 1466.
- ^ "No. 15344". The London Gazette. 10 March 1801. p. 274.
- ^ "No. 15368". The London Gazette. 23 May 1801. p. 580.
- ^ Naval Chronicle, Vol. 5, p.537.
- ^ Naval Chronicle, Vol. 6, p.166.
- ^ "No. 15456". The London Gazette. 23 February 1802. p. 2053.
- ^ "No. 16004". The London Gazette. 24 February 1807. p. 250.
- ^ "Sothcott Family Tree". Archived from the original on 1 February 2008. Retrieved 31 January 2008.
- ^ "thePeerage.com". Retrieved 31 January 2008.
- ^ Ralfe (1828), p. 425.
- ^ The United service magazine (1844), Part 3, p.122.
- ^ Winfield & Roberts (2015), p. 178.
- ^ Roche (2005), p. 375.
- ^ Roche (2005), p. 317.
- ^ Winfield & Roberts (2015), p. 252.
- ^ a b "No. 16268". The London Gazette. 20 June 1809. pp. 912–913.
- ^ Lloyd's List, no. 4364, [1] – accessed 8 May 2015.
- ^ "Advertisements & Notices", 28 September 1809, Trewman's Exeter Flying Post (Exeter, England), Issue: 2369.
- ^ Napier (1842).
- ^ "No. 16431". The London Gazette. 1 December 1810. p. 1929.
- ^ "Letter of Marque,p.87. Accessed 14 May 2011". Archived from the original on 9 July 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
- ^ Lloyd's List No. 4450. Accessed 9 November 2016.
- ^ "No. 16426". The London Gazette. 17 November 1810. p. 1841.
- ^ Demerliac (2003), p. 329, no. 2827.
- ^ Brook & Tupper (1847).
- ^ Troude (1867), p. 173.
- ^ Quintin & Quintin (2003), p. 96.
- ^ Lecomte (1836), p. 298.
- ^ James (1837), Vol. 6, pp.183–90.
- ^ "St George's News". Retrieved 31 January 2008.
- ^ "Age of Nelson website". Retrieved 21 July 2008.
References
- Brook, I. and F. B. Tupper (1847) The Life and Correspondence of Major-General Sir Isaac Brock, K. B. (Simpkin, Marshall & co, Canada).
- ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.
- Daly, Gavin (2007) "English Smugglers, the Channel, and the Napoleonic Wars, 1800–1814". Journal of British Studies 46 (1), pp. 30–46.
- Demerliac, Alain (1999). La Marine de la Révolution: Nomenclature des Navires Français de 1792 à 1799 (in French). Éditions Ancre. OCLC 492783890.
- Demerliac, Alain (2003). La Marine du Consulat et du Premier Empire: Nomenclature des Navires Français de 1800 à 1815 (in French). Éditions Ancre. OCLC 492784876.
- James, William (1837) The Naval History of Great Britain, 1793 – 1820, Volumes II and VI, R. Bentley, London.
- Lecomte, Jules (1836). Chroniques de la marine française: de 1789 à 1830, d'après les documents officiels (in French). Vol. 5. H. Souverain.
- Levot, Prosper (1866). Les gloires maritimes de la France: notices biographiques sur les plus célèbres marins (in French). Bertrand.
- Napier, William (1842) History of the War in the Peninsula and in the South of France.(Philadelphia:Carey and Hart).
- Quintin, Danielle; Quintin, Bernard (2003). Dictionnaire des capitaines de Vaisseau de Napoléon (in French). S.P.M. ISBN 2-901952-42-9.
- Ralfe, James (1828). The naval biography of Great Britain : consisting of historical memoirs of those officers of the British Navy who distinguished themselves during the reign of His Majesty George III. London: Whitmore & Fenn.
- Roche, Jean-Michel (2005). Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française de Colbert à nos jours, 1671 – 1870. Group Retozel-Maury Millau. p. 304. OCLC 165892922.
- Troude, Onésime-Joachim (1867). Batailles navales de la France (in French). Vol. 4. Challamel ainé.
- Winfield, Rif (2008). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-246-7.
- Winfield, Rif; Roberts, Stephen S. (2015). French Warships in the Age of Sail 1786–1861: Design Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-204-2.
External links
- Media related to HMS Amelia (ship, 1785) at Wikimedia Commons