HMS Amphion (1911)
Amphion about 1914
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History | |
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United Kingdom | |
Name | Amphion |
Ordered | 1910 Naval Programme |
Builder | Pembroke Dockyard |
Laid down | 15 March 1911 |
Launched | 4 December 1911 |
Completed | March 1913 |
Fate | Sunk by mine, 6 August 1914 |
General characteristics (as built) | |
Class and type | Active-class scout cruiser |
Displacement | 3,340 long tons (3,390 t) (normal) |
Length | 405 ft (123.4 m) (o/a) |
Beam | 41 ft (12.5 m) |
Draught | 14 ft 6 in (4.4 m) |
Installed power |
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Propulsion | 4 × shafts; 2 × steam turbine sets |
Speed | 25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph) |
Range | 4,630 nmi (8,570 km; 5,330 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) |
Complement | 293 |
Armament |
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Armour |
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HMS Amphion was an Active-class scout cruiser built for the Royal Navy before the First World War. Completed in 1913, she was initially assigned to the First Fleet and became a destroyer flotilla leader in mid-1914. When the war began, her flotilla was assigned to the Harwich Force. While patrolling on the first full day of the war, Amphion and her destroyers encountered and sank a German minelayer, SMS Königin Luise, but not before she had laid many of her mines. While returning from patrolling the following morning, Amphion struck a mine on 6 August 1914 off the Thames Estuary and sank with the loss of 132 crewmen killed. She was the first ship of the Royal Navy to be sunk in the First World War. The wreck site is protected and may not be dived upon without permission from the Ministry of Defence.
Design and description
The Active-class ships were the last class of
The main armament of the Active class consisted of ten
As scout cruisers, the ships were only lightly protected to maximise their speed. They had a curved protective deck that was one inch (25 mm) thick on the slope and 0.5 inches (13 mm) on the flat.[5] Their conning tower was protected by four inches of armour.[4]
Construction and career
Ordered as part of the 1910 Naval Programme, Amphion was
By the start of the First World War in August, Amphion and her flotilla was assigned to the Harwich Force, defending the eastern approaches to the
The target was SMS Königin Luise, a former Hamburg-Heligoland excursion boat that had been converted to an auxiliary minelayer by the Germans. They had planned to mount a pair of 8.8-centimetre (3.5 in) guns on board, but they did not have the time to do so; her only armament was a pair of lighter guns and 180 mines. On the night of 4 August, she had departed Emden and headed into the North Sea to lay mines off the Thames Estuary, which she began to do at dawn.[10]
The fire from the destroyers was ineffective until Amphion closed to a range of 7,000 yards (6,400 m) and began hitting the German ship at about 11:15. By noon, Königin Luise was sinking and the three British ships rescued 5 officers and 70 ratings. The flotilla proceeded onwards with their patrol until they reached the Dutch coast around 21:00 and turned for home. Fox was uncertain as to the locations of the mines laid by Königin Luise and laid a course that was seven nautical miles (13 km; 8.1 mi) west of where he thought the mines were. He guessed wrongly and led his flotilla over the danger area.[11]
At 06:35, Amphion struck a mine that detonated underneath her bridge. The explosion set her forecastle on fire and broke the ship's keel. The destroyer Linnet attempted to tow the cruiser, but a deep crack across her upper deck showed that she was hogging badly and Fox ordered his crew to abandon ship. Shortly afterwards, her forward magazine exploded, throwing one 4-inch gun into the air that narrowly missed Linnet. One of Amphion's shells burst on the deck of the destroyer Lark, killing two of her men and the only German prisoner rescued from the cruiser. Amphion then rapidly sank within 15 minutes of the explosion losing 1 officer and 131 ratings killed in the sinking, plus an unknown number of the crew rescued from Königin Luise.[12] The wreck is a protected site under the Protection of Military Remains Act 1986.[13]
Notes
- ^ Friedman 2009, pp. 113, 295
- ^ Preston, p. 50
- ^ Friedman 2011, pp. 75–76
- ^ a b Preston, p. 53
- ^ Friedman 2009, p. 295
- ^ Phillips, pp. 297–300
- His Majesty's Stationery Office. 18 June 1913. p. 269. Retrieved 31 March 2016.
- His Majesty's Stationery Office. 18 May 1914. p. 269. Retrieved 31 March 2016.
- ^ Goldrick, pp. 84–85
- ^ Goldrick, p. 85
- ^ Goldrick, pp. 85–86
- ^ Goldrick, pp. 86–87
- ^ "Statutory Instrument 2006 No. 2616 The Protection of Military Remains Act 1986 (Designation of Vessels and Controlled Sites) Order 2006". Queen's Printer of Acts of Parliament. Retrieved 20 November 2009.
References
- ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.
- ISBN 978-1-59114-081-8.
- Friedman, Norman (2011). Naval Weapons of World War One. Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Seaforth. ISBN 978-1-84832-100-7.
- Goldrick, James (2015). Before Jutland: The Naval War in Northern European Waters, August 1914–February 1915. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-349-9.
- Phillips, Lawrie (2014). Pembroke Dockyard and the Old Navy: A Bicentennial History. Stroud, Gloucestershire, UK: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7509-5214-9.
- Preston, Antony (1985). "Great Britain and Empire Forces". In Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal (eds.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 1–104. ISBN 978-0-85177-245-5.
External links
- Media related to HMS Amphion at Wikimedia Commons
52°07′N 2°22′E / 52.11°N 2.36°E