HMS Broke (D83)
HMS Broke
| |
History | |
---|---|
United Kingdom | |
Name | HMS Broke |
Namesake | Philip Broke |
Ordered | April 1918 |
Builder | John I. Thornycroft & Company |
Yard number | 983 |
Laid down | October 1918[1] |
Launched | 16 September 1920[1] |
Commissioned | 15 April 1925[1] |
Renamed | From Rooke, April 1921 |
Fate | Sunk, 8 November 1942[2] |
General characteristics [1] | |
Class and type | Thornycroft type destroyer leader |
Displacement |
|
Length | |
Beam | 31 ft 6 in (9.60 m) |
Draught | 12 ft 3 in (3.73 m) |
Installed power | 40,000 shp (30,000 kW) |
Propulsion |
|
Speed | 36.5 kn (42.0 mph; 67.6 km/h) |
Capacity | 500 short tons (450 t) fuel oil |
Complement | 164 |
Armament | 5 × 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes (2 × 3) |
Service record | |
Part of: | 4th Destroyer Flotilla |
Commanders: |
Henry Fancourt |
Operations: | Operation Terminal |
HMS Broke was a
The naturalist Peter Scott, among the ship's crew in 1940, conducted experiments in ship camouflage, having the two sides of Broke painted in different patterns.
Design and construction
The Thornycroft type[3] or Shakespeare-class[4][5] leaders, were like the similar and contemporary Admiralty type (also known as the Scott-class)[6][7] were designed to meet a requirement from Admiral Sir John Jellicoe, commander of the Grand Fleet, for a large, fast and heavily armed flotilla leader to match and outclass rumoured large German destroyers.[8]
The ships had a length of 329 ft 1 in (100.30 m)
The class had a main gun armament consisted of five
Four Shakespeare-class leaders (
Operational history
1925–1939
After trials and workup, Broke was ordered to the
Broke was refitted at Devonport from September 1936 to March 1937, having her boilers re-tubed.[18] After completing the refit, Broke returned to reserve duties at Devonport, again acting as Emergency destroyer and as a tender for the Royal Naval Engineering College.[18] On 2 September 1937 Broke was sent to investigate an SOS signal from the South African merchant ship Sherard Osborn in the Bay of Biscay. The Captain of Sherard Osborn had sent the signal fearing an imminent mutiny owing to an overtime dispute and poor conditions aboard the ship, but intervention by Broke was not needed.[22] On 20 November that year, Broke was damaged in a collision with the destroyer Witch and was under repair at Devonport from 31 December 1937 to 28 January 1938. She was temporarily brought forwards into full commission later into 1938, replacing Codrington as leader while Codrington was being refitted. Broke returned to reserve in October 1938 and again underwent refit at Devonport from January to June 1939.[18]
World War II
At the outbreak of war, Broke was part of the 29th Division,
On 11 March 1940, Broke, together with the destroyers
In July 1940, she joined 6th
She also escorted 27 east-west convoys, seven of which were attacked.[
After repair, Broke returned to the 6th Escort Group, by now based at
On 8 November 1942 Broke, together with the destroyer
Battle honours
During her service Broke was awarded four battle honours:[48]
- North Sea 1939
- Atlantic 1939-42
- Arctic 1942
- North Africa 1942
Pennant numbers
Pennant number[49] | From | To |
---|---|---|
D83 | December 1924 | 1940 |
I83 | 1940 | 1942 |
Notes
- ^ Conway's gives a legend displacement of 1,554 long tons (1,579 t) and a full load displacement of 2,009 long tons (2,041 t),[4] while Lenton gives a normal displacement of 1,480 long tons (1,504 t) and a full load displacement of 2,080 long tons (2,113 t).[10]
- BL(Breech Loading) indicated that a separate, bagged, charge was used.
- ^ Saunders and Spragge, along with two ships ordered from Cammell Laird, Barrington and Hughes, were cancelled after the end of the First World War before construction of these ships could begin.[14]
- ^ Kemp says 4 April.[36]
- ^ While Fancourt was in overall control of the two destroyers, and was aboard Broke during "Terminal", Arthur Layard remained Broke's captain.[44]
Citations
- ^ a b c d e f Whitley 2000, p. 84
- ^ a b c d Gardiner & Gray 1985, pp. 82–83
- ^ Manning 1961, p. 129
- ^ a b c Gardiner & Gray 1985, p. 82
- ^ Dittmar & Colledge 1972, p. 71
- ^ Manning 1961, p. 130
- ^ a b c Gardiner & Gray 1985, p. 83
- ^ Friedman 2009, pp. 166, 281, fn. 37
- ^ a b Friedman 2009, p. 298
- ^ a b c Lenton 1970, p. 39
- ^ a b c Preston 1971, p. 99
- ^ a b Parkes 1931, p. 60
- ^ Friedman 2009, pp. 166–167, 298
- ^ a b English 2019, p. 34
- ^ Manning & Walker 1959, p. 378
- ^ Miller 1971, p. 21
- ^ Manning & Walker 1959, p. 118
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j English 2019, p. 35
- ^ "Born for Glory (1935)". IMDb.
- ^ "BROWN ON RESOLUTION | British Board of Film Classification". Archived from the original on 16 June 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
- ^ "Brown on Resolution (1935)". Archived from the original on 13 September 2017.
- ^ "Troubled Voyage: The Sherard Osborn". The Sydney Morning Herald. 7 September 1937. p. 12.
- ^ a b Whitley 2000, p. 85
- ^ "No. 34759". The London Gazette (Supplement). 23 December 1939. p. 8546.
- ^ Smith 1985, pp. 29–30
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "HMS Broke (D 83)". Uboat.net. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "HMS Wild Swan (D 62)". Uboat.net. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
- ^ Winser 1999, pp. 38, 127
- ^ Sebag-Montefiore 2015, pp. 469–470
- ^ Winser 1999, p. 38
- ^ Sebag-Montefiore 2015, pp. 472–478
- ^ Winser 1999, pp. 39–40, 127
- ^ Winser 1999, pp. 40, 43–44, 135
- ^ Forbes 2009, pp. 172–173
- ^ a b Kemp 1999, p. 141
- ^ Kindell, Don (7 April 2012). "Naval Events, April 1941 (Part 1 of 2): Tuesday 1st – Monday 14th". British and Other Navies in World War 2 Day-by-Day. naval-history.net. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
- ^ English 2019, pp. 36, 114
- ^ Kindell, Don (8 April 2012). "Naval Events, July 1941 (Part 2 of 2): Tuesday 15th - Thursday 31st". British and Other Navies in World War 2 Day-by-Day. naval-history.net. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
- ^ a b c English 2019, p. 36
- ^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 94
- ^ Blair 2000, pp. 660–661
- ^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 153
- ^ a b "Captain Henry St John Fancourt". The Daily Telegraph. 13 January 2004. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
- ^ Barnett 2000, p. 564
- ^ Morison 2001, pp. 207–208
- ^ Tomblin 2004
- ^ Warlow p
- ^ English 2019, p. 135
References
- Barnett, Correlli (2000). Engage the Enemy More Closely. London: Penguin. ISBN 0-14-139008-5.
- Blair, Clay (2000). Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunters 1939–42. London: Cassel. ISBN 0-304-35260-8.
- Dittmar, F. J.; Colledge, J. J. (1972). British Warships 1914–1919. Shepperton, UK: Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-0380-7.
- English, John (2019). Grand Fleet Destroyers: Part I: Flotilla Leaders and 'V/W' Class Destroyers. Windsor, UK: World Ship Society. OCLC 1181228146.
- Forbes, Peter (2009). Dazzled and Deceived: Mimicry and Camouflage. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-17896-8.
- Friedman, Norman (2009). British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the Second World War. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-049-9.
- Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
- Kemp, Paul (1999). The Admiralty Regrets: British Warship Losses of the 20th Century. Stroud: Sutton. ISBN 978-0-75091-567-0.
- Lenton, H. T. (1970). British Fleet and Escort Destroyers: Volume One. London: Macdonald & Co. ISBN 0-356-02950-6.
- Manning, T. D. (1961). The British Destroyer. London: Putnam.
- Manning, T. D.; Walker, C. F. (1959). British Warship Names. London: Putnam.
- Miller, George M. (1971). BBC Pronouncing Dictionary of British Names. Oxford University Press.
- Morison, Samuel Eliot (2001). History of United States Naval Operations in World War II: Operations in North African Waters, October 1942 – June 1943. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-06972-2.
- Parkes, Oscar (1973) [First published Sampson Low, Marston & Company:1931]. Jane's Fighting Ships 1931. Newton Abbot, Devon, UK: Davis & Charles Reprints. ISBN 0-7153-5849-9.
- Preston, Antony (1971). 'V & W' Class Destroyers 1917–1945. London: Macdonald. OCLC 464542895.
- Rohwer, Jürgen; Hümmelchen, Gerhard (1992). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945. London: Greenhill Books. ISBN 1-85367-117-7.
- Roskill, Stephen (1956) The War at Sea Vol II
- Sebag-Montefiore, Hugh (2015). Dunkirk: Fight to the Last Man (75th Anniversary ed.). Penguin. ISBN 978-0-241-97226-7.
- Smith, Peter C. (1985). HMS Wild Swan. London: William Kimber. ISBN 0-7183-0542-6.
- Tomblin, Barbera (2004). With Utmost Spirit: Allied Naval Operations In The Mediterranean, 1942–1945. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0-8131-2338-0.
- Warlow, Ben (2004). Battle Honours of the Royal Navy. Liskeard, UK: Maritime Books. ISBN 1-904459-05-6.
- Whitley, M.J. (2000). Destroyers of World War 2: An International Encyclopedia. Cassell Publishing. ISBN 1-85409-521-8.
- Winser, John de S. (1999). B.E.F. Ships Before, At and After Dunkirk. Gravesend, Kent: World Ship Society. ISBN 0-905617-91-6.