HMS Coventry (D118)
HMS Coventry
| |
History | |
---|---|
United Kingdom | |
Name | HMS Coventry |
Builder | Cammell Laird |
Laid down | 29 January 1973 |
Launched | 21 June 1974 |
Commissioned | 10 November 1978 |
Identification | Pennant number: D118 |
Fate | Sunk by Argentine aircraft, 25 May 1982 |
Badge | |
General characteristics | |
Class and type | Type 42 destroyer |
Displacement | 4,820 tonnes |
Length | 125 m (410 ft) |
Beam | 14.3 m (47 ft) |
Draught | 5.8 m (19 ft) |
Propulsion | COGOG (Combined Gas or Gas) turbines, 2 shafts producing 36 MW |
Speed | 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph) |
Complement | 287 |
Armament |
|
Aircraft carried | Westland Lynx HAS.Mk.1/2 |
HMS Coventry was a Type 42 (Sheffield-class) destroyer of the Royal Navy. Laid down by Cammell Laird and Company, Limited, at Birkenhead on 29 January 1973, she was launched on 21 June 1974 and accepted into service on 20 October 1978 at a cost of £37,900,000.
She was sunk by
Background
The principal role of these ships was to provide the fleet with mid-range anti-air warfare capability with secondary roles of anti-surface and anti-submarine. A total of fourteen Type 42s were built for the Royal Navy between 1972 and 1985, in three tranches, with Coventry the last of the first tranche to be commissioned. To cut costs, the first two tranches had 47 feet removed from the bow and the beam-to-length ratio reduced. These early Type 42s performed poorly during trials and were notoriously poor sea-keepers.
Type 42 destroyers were fitted with the
Service history
1978–1982
Coventry was commissioned on 10 November 1978 under the command of Captain C. P. O. Burne at Portsmouth. Following post-commissioning trials, the ship was used to trial the operation of the new Westland Lynx helicopter from the Type 42 platform, to test the combination's safe operating limits.
The ship's first major deployment came in 1980 when she was sent to the Far East; in September of that year, alongside Antrim and Alacrity, she became the first British warship to visit the People's Republic of China in 30 years. En route back to the UK, Coventry was diverted to the Persian Gulf following the outbreak of the Iran–Iraq War, where the ship remained on patrol for six weeks until relieved by the start of the permanent Armilla patrol consisting of Ardent and Apollo.[2] Throughout 1981 and into 1982, Coventry took part in various exercises in home waters, culminating in her deployment as part of Exercise Springtrain '82 in March 1982.[3] Once Springtrain '82 was complete, Coventry was scheduled to return to the UK prior to a deployment on an intelligence-gathering mission against Soviet naval forces in the Barents Sea, for which the ship had been fitted with special communications monitoring equipment.[4]
Falklands campaign
Coventry was taking part in the Exercise Springtrain 82 near the British base of
Coventry's contribution to the Falklands War was considerable. Her helicopter was the first to fire Sea Skua air-to-surface anti-ship missiles in action. Her Westland Lynx HAS.Mk.2 fired two Sea Skua missiles on 3 May at ARA Alferez Sobral, the former USS Salish. One missile missed and the other hit a small boat, knocking out the radio aerials and slightly injuring a crewman manning a 20 mm gun. Glasgow's Lynx fired two more Sea Skua, and the vessel retreated, with eight crew killed, eight wounded and heavy damage. Her damaged bridge is now on display at the Naval Museum in Tigre, Argentina. The vessel remained in service in the Argentine Navy until 2018.
Coventry was the first warship to fire
Coventry's captain,
The first confirmed kill made by Coventry was an
Coventry had been one of three Type 42 destroyers providing anti-aircraft cover for the fleet. With the loss of Sheffield and damage to Glasgow on 12 May, forcing her to return to the UK, Coventry was left to carry out the role alone, until other ships could arrive from the UK.
"Type 64"
Following the loss of Sheffield, a new air defence tactic was devised to try to maximise the task group's remaining assets. This saw the two remaining Type 42s paired with the two Type 22 frigates (a pairing unofficially termed Type 64)[7] and deployed much further ahead of the main force in an effort to draw attacking aircraft away from the carriers. The idea was that in the event of Sea Dart being unable to function, the short range Sea Wolf advanced point defence missile fitted to the frigates could be used. In this, Coventry was paired with Broadsword.
25 May 1982
On 25 May 1982, Coventry and Broadsword were ordered to take up position to the north-west of Falkland Sound. There she would act as a decoy to draw Argentinian aircraft away from other ships at San Carlos Bay. In this position, close to land, with not enough open sea between her and the coast, her Sea Dart missiles would be less effective.[8] Broadsword was armed with the Sea Wolf missile, which is for short range anti-aircraft and anti-missile use.
At first, the trap worked, with FAA A-4B Skyhawk C-244 of Grupo 5 shot down north of Pebble Island by a Sea Dart. Pilot Capitán Hugo Ángel del Valle Palaver was killed. Later a FAA A-4C Skyhawk coded C-304 of Grupo 4 de Caza deployed to San Julian was shot down north east of Pebble Island by another Sea Dart while returning from a mission to San Carlos Water. Capitán Jorge Osvaldo García successfully ejected but was not recovered from the water. His body was washed ashore in a dinghy at Golding Island in 1983. Garcia's wingman, Lieutenant Ricardo Lucero, was also shot down by the combined San Carlos air defences. Teniente Lucero ejected, and was recovered by Fearless.[9]
The two ships then came under attack by two waves of two
Of the bombs released, one bounced off the sea and struck Broadsword's flight deck and, though it failed to explode, wrecked the ship's Westland Lynx helicopter. Coventry claimed to have hit the second Skyhawk (Captain Pablo Marcos Carballo) in the tail with small arms fire, although the aircraft returned safely to Argentina. Carballo's plane was hit under the right wing by a piece of shrapnel, on his way in, which pierced his aircraft's right fuel tank.[10]
The second pair of Skyhawks (First Lieutenant Mariano Ángel Velasco and Ensign Jorge Nelson Barrionuevo), headed for Coventry 90 seconds later at a 20-degree angle to her port bow. Still unable to gain a missile lock, Coventry launched a Sea Dart missile in an attempt to distract them and turned hard to starboard to reduce her profile. On Broadsword the Sea Wolf system had been reset and successfully acquired the attacking aircraft, but was unable to fire as Coventry's turn took her directly into the line of fire.
Coventry used her 4.5-inch gun and small arms against the attacking aircraft. The port
Within 20 minutes Coventry had been abandoned and had completely
Broadsword subsequently rescued 170 of Coventry's crew.
Tributes
No member of Coventry received an award for bravery. CPO Aircrewman M J Tupper of No.846 NAS was awarded a Distinguished Service Medal for his part in the rescue.[14] After the war, a cross to commemorate crew members who lost their lives was erected on Pebble Island.
David Hart Dyke, Coventry's commanding officer during the Falklands War, wrote about the ship's tale in his book Four Weeks in May: The Loss of HMS Coventry.[5] This was adapted by the BBC into a documentary Sea of Fire, with dramatised sequences and shown in June 2007.[8] In 2011 it was announced that a feature-length film would be produced based on Four Weeks in May, to be written and directed by Tom Shankland.[15] The documentary television series Seconds from Disaster featured the attack on the Coventry in the episode "Sinking the Coventry" in December 2012.
The wreck site is a controlled site under the
There is a memorial plaque to the dead of HMS Coventry at Holy Trinity Church, Coventry.[18]
References
- ^ "List of Argentine Aircraft Destroyed". Retrieved 22 June 2009.
- ^ Op. Armilla, Dec 80 – Apr 81
- ^ HMS Coventry – History – hmscoventry.co.uk
- ISBN 9781843545910.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-84354-590-3.
- ^ Falklands Air War, Chris Hobson / Historia Oficial de la Fuerza Aérea Argentina, Volume 6 / Air War in the Falklands, Christopher Chant
- ^ "Death of the 42s: Type 42 Destroyers in the Falklands and Lessons for the Joint Force in the Twenty-first Century > Air University (AU) > Journal of Indo-Pacific Affairs Article Display". www.airuniversity.af.edu. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
- ^ a b Leesa Rumley (1 June 2007). "Surviving a Falklands 'suicide' mission". BBC News. Retrieved 13 April 2009.
- ISBN 0-85368-842-7.
- ^ "Ataques a la HMS Broadsword y el HMS Coventry". Fuerza Aerea Argentina (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 24 December 2014. Retrieved 8 December 2009.
- ISBN 0-7509-2354-7.
- ^ "Swavesey St Andrew Roll of Honour". Roll-of-honour.com. Retrieved 5 November 2012.
- ^ Sea of Fire (TV documentary). BBC Two. 1 June 2007.
- ^ British Gallantry Medals Awarded
- ^ Chilton, Martin (11 May 2011). "Cannes 2011: Film to tell Falklands ship story". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ "HMS Coventry diver searched wreckage after ship sank". BBC News. 25 May 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
- ^ "Photograph of the Cross of Nails after recovery". Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 14 December 2009.
- ^ Harby, Jennifer (25 May 2017). "HMS Coventry sinking anniversary: 'War we weren't prepared for'". BBC News. Retrieved 30 May 2017.