HMS Malaya

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Malaya about 1919–1921
History
United Kingdom
NameMalaya
NamesakeFederated Malay States
Ordered1913
BuilderArmstrong Whitworth, South Tyneside
Cost£2,945,709
Laid down20 October 1913
Launched18 March 1915
Commissioned1 February 1916
Decommissioned1 December 1944
Stricken12 April 1948
IdentificationPennant number: 01
Motto Malem Fero Malis ("I bring evil to the evil")
FateSold for scrap, 20 February 1948
General characteristics (as built)
Class and typeQueen Elizabeth-class battleship
Displacement
  • 32,590 long tons (33,113 t)
  • 33,260 long tons (33,794 t) (
    Deep load
    )
Length639 ft 9 in (195 m)
Beam90 ft 7 in (27.6 m)
Draught33 ft (10.1 m)
Installed power
  • 24
    Babcock & Wilcox boilers
  • 75,000 
    kW
    )
Propulsion4 shafts; 2 steam turbine sets
Speed24 knots (44 km/h; 28 mph)
Range5,000 nmi (9,300 km; 5,800 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph)
Complement1,217 (1919)
Armament
  • 4 × twin
    15 in (381 mm)
    guns
  • 14 × single
    6 in (152 mm)
    guns
  • 2 × single
    AA guns
  • 4 ×
    21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes
Armour

HMS Malaya was one of five

Second World War
, Malaya served mostly in escort duties in the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean. She was withdrawn from service at the end of 1944, and sold for scrap in 1948.

Design and description

The Queen Elizabeth-class ships were designed to form a fast

battleline. This required maximum offensive power and a speed several knots faster than any other battleship to allow them to defeat any type of ship.[1][2]

Malaya had a

kW) and intended to reach a maximum speed of 25 knots (46.3 km/h; 28.8 mph). The ship had a range of 5,000 nautical miles (9,260 km; 5,754 mi) at a cruising speed of 12 knots (22.2 km/h; 13.8 mph). Her crew numbered 1,217 officers and ratings in 1919.[3]

15-inch guns of 'A' and 'B' turrets trained to starboard, 6-inch guns in casemates below, c. 1920

The Queen Elizabeth class was equipped with eight

21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes, two on each broadside.[4]

Malaya was completed with two

foremast. Each turret was also fitted with a 15-foot rangefinder. The main armament could be controlled by 'B' turret as well. The secondary armament was primarily controlled by directors mounted on each side of the compass platform on the foremast once they were fitted in April 1917.[5]

The

high-tensile steel was added to the main deck over the magazines and additional anti-flash equipment was added in the magazines.[6]

The ship was fitted with flying-off platforms mounted on the roofs of 'B' and 'X' turrets in 1918, from which fighters and reconnaissance aircraft could launch. Exactly when the platforms were removed is unknown, but no later than Malaya's 1934–1936 reconstruction.[7]

Construction and career

First World War

Malaya was built by Sir W. G. Armstrong Whitworth and Company at High Walker, Newcastle upon Tyne, and launched in March 1915. She was named in honour of the Federated Malay States in British Malaya, whose government paid for her construction.

Malaya served in Rear-Admiral

5th Battle Squadron of the Grand Fleet. She took part in the Battle of Jutland, on 31 May 1916.[8] She first engaged the German battlecruisers and targeted the battlecruiser SMS Seydlitz, scoring numerous hits with her 15-inch (381 mm) main guns.[9] As the German battleline intercepted the 5th Battle Squadron, Malaya was hit by seven 12-inch (305 mm) shells from multiple German battleships.[10] As 5th Battle Squadron retreated to join the rest of the Grand Fleet, she was hit by an additional battleship sized projectile for a total of eight hits, taking major damage and heavy crew casualties. A total of 65 men died, either in the battle or later due to their injuries. However, her armour held up, surviving nowhere near critical condition. Among the wounded was Able Seaman Willie Vicarage, notable as one of the first men to receive facial reconstruction using plastic surgery and the first to receive radical reconstruction via the "tubed pedicule" technique pioneered by Sir Harold Gillies.[11] Uniquely among the ships at the battle, HMS Malaya flew the red-white-black-yellow ensign of the Federated Malay States.[12]

Other than Jutland, and the inconclusive

First World War mostly consisted of routine patrols and training in the North Sea
.

Between the wars

On 17 November 1922 Malaya carried the last Sultan of the

1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine.[13]

Malaya received a major refit in 1927-29 with funnels trunked and bulges fitted. Second major refit/reconstruction at Devonport from Oct. 1934 to Dec. 1936. Middle Deck armor increased to 5" over magazines and 3.5" over engine rooms. AA armament increase to 8x4" Mk XVI (4x2) and 16-2pdr pompoms (2x8) Torpedo tubes removed and cross-catapult and hangers added amidships. [14]

Second World War

Malaya departing New York after repairs, 9 July 1941

Malaya served in the

Mediterranean in 1940, escorting convoys
and operating against the Italian fleet.

Malaya's second big action of her career, and her first of World War II, was the Battle of Calabria, on 9 June 1940. British forces engaged an Italian fleet, including the battleships Conte di Cavour and Giulio Cesare. Malaya fired several main battery rounds against the Italians while under fire from Conte di Cavour.[15] Through her actions, Malaya helped to chase off all of the Italian warships with no damage received or hits scored, though most of the heavy lifting was carried out by her sister ship Warspite.[16]

She shelled

armour-piercing shell into the south-east corner of the nave of Genoa Cathedral. The shell failed to detonate.[17]

cap (left) fired on 9 February 1941 into the nave
of Genoa Cathedral

On 7 March 1941, while escorting convoy SL 67, Malaya encountered the German capital ships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau that were conducting the Operation Berlin raid which targeted Allied convoys. By her presence she forced them to withdraw, although a U-boat attack aiming to sink Malaya inflicted some damage on the convoy.[18]

Later that month Malaya was escorting

Cape Verde Islands, Malaya was hit by a torpedo from U-106. Damaged on the port side, and with a 7 degree list due to flooding, Malaya was forced to leave the convoy and make for port, escorted by the corvette Crocus. She reached Trinidad safely on 29 March.[19][20] After temporary repairs were made, she continued to the New York Navy Yard, where she was docked for four months.[21] During that time, personnel from the ship ferried ten Banff-class sloops
to Britain.

On 9 July, under the command of Captain Cuthbert Coppinger, Malaya left New York on trials and steamed to Halifax, Nova Scotia to provide protection for an urgent fast convoy. No ships were lost, and Malaya arrived in Rosyth on 28 July. Thereafter she escorted convoys from the United Kingdom to Malta and Cape Town until summer 1943.[12]

Malaya was placed in reserve at the end of 1943. At this time her entire secondary 6-inch armament was removed and her anti-aircraft armament was enhanced. Between 15 and 17 May 1944, Malaya was used in Loch Striven as a target ship for inert Highball bouncing bomb prototypes, one of which punched a hole in the ship's side.[22] She was reactivated just before the Normandy landings to act as a reserve bombardment battleship.[21]

Fate

Malaya was finally withdrawn from all service at the end of 1944 and became an

Faslane on 12 April 1948 for scrapping. The first watch bell was refitted and presented to the Perak Council in Malaya, and was hung in the Council Chamber. The furthermost bell is located in the East India Club, and the second watch bell was handed to the Victoria Institution on 12 September 1947, before being handed over to the Royal Malaysian Navy in 2007.[24]

Notes

  1. ^ "Cwt" is the abbreviation for hundredweight, 20 cwt referring to the weight of the gun.

Citations

  1. ^ Burt 2012b, p. 277
  2. ^ Parkes, pp. 560–561
  3. ^ Burt 2012b, pp. 284–285, 287
  4. ^ Burt 2012b, pp. 284–285, 288–289
  5. ^ Raven & Roberts, p. 20–21, 30
  6. ^ Raven & Roberts, pp. 21, 26
  7. ^ Raven & Roberts, pp. 30, 217, 219
  8. ^ "21 June 1916 – Paul to Ted". familyletters.co.uk. 1 June 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
  9. ^ "HMS Malaya Crew List". www.jutlandcrewlists.org. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
  10. ^ The Battle of Jutland - Clash of the Titans - Part 1 (Beatty vs Hipper), retrieved 29 March 2023
  11. ^ Fisher, David (2009). "Plastic Fantastic". New Zealand Listener. Retrieved 23 September 2009.
  12. ^ a b "HMS Malaya". www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  13. ISBN 9780714652108
    . Retrieved 16 June 2011.
  14. ^ Coway's All The Worlds fighting Ships 1922-1946
  15. ^ "Action off Calabria". www.regiamarina.net. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
  16. ^ "Lots of Bark but No Bite - WW II Naval Battle of Calabria". warhistoryonline. 20 August 2018. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
  17. ^ "Obituary: Commander Henry Hatfield". Daily Telegraph. 4 July 2010. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
  18. ^ Rohwer 2005, p. 62.
  19. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "HMS Malaya (01)". uboat.net. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
  20. ^ Donnelly, Luke (27 April 2022). "Family pays tribute to 'loving' Royal Navy D-Day veteran from Bognor after death aged 97". SussexLive. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
  21. ^ a b "HMS Malaya (01) of the Royal Navy - British Battleship of the Queen Elizabeth class - Allied Warships of WWII - uboat.net". uboat.net. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  22. ISBN 978-0752423869
    .
  23. ISBN 0-85052-779-1
    .
  24. ^ "The Victoria Institution Web Page: The Presentation of the H.M.S. Malaya Watch Bell". viweb.school. Retrieved 9 July 2019.

References

External links

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