HMS Sandwich (1759)

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For other ships with the same name, see HMS Sandwich.

Rodney
's flagship Sandwich in the foreground.
History
Great Britain
NameSandwich
Ordered22 November 1755
BuilderChatham dockyard
Launched14 April 1759
Honours and
awards
  • Participated in:
  • Battle of Cape St Vincent
FateBroken up, 1810
NotesFloating battery from 1780; harbour service from 1790
General characteristics [1]
Class and typeSandwich-class ship of the line
Tons burthen1869 tons bm
Length176 ft (54 m) (gundeck)
Beam49 ft (15 m)
Depth of hold24 ft (7.3 m)
Sail planFull-rigged ship
Armament
  • 90 guns:
  • Gundeck: 28 × 32 pdrs
  • Middle gundeck: 30 × 18 pdrs
  • Upper gundeck: 30 × 12 pdrs
  • Forecastle: 2 × 9 pdrs

HMS Sandwich was a 90-gun

second rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 14 April 1759 at Chatham.[1]

Design and construction

Sandwich was a 90-gun

gundecks of the ships, meaning that the quarterdeck had to hold less guns and the sailing qualities of the ships were improved. The design was approved for use on 12 November 1755.[2] Sandwich had already been ordered by this point, having been done so on 28 October to Chatham Dockyard, where the ship would be built by shipwright John Lock.[3]

Sandwich was laid down on 14 April 1756 and launched on 15 April 1759 with the following dimensions: 176 feet 1 inch (53.7 m) along the

tons burthen, with a draught forward of 14 feet 9+1⁄2 inches (4.5 m) and aft of 18 feet 0+1⁄2 inch (5.5 m). Sandwich's fitting out was completed on 28 May, with construction having cost £54,770.[3]

The ship held a crew complement of 750, with twenty-eight 32-pounder long guns on the lower deck, twenty-eight 18-pounders on the middle deck, and thirty 12-pounders on the upper deck. Additionally Sandwich held two 6-pounders on each of the quarterdeck and forecastle. The ship would continue with this armament unchanged, apart from the 6-pounders which were switched out with more 12-pounders in an Admiralty Order on 3 June 1790.[3]

Service

Sandwich was

paid off upon the end of the Seven Years' War in 1763.[3]

Sandwich was brought back into service to become the

Sir George Rodney.[4] In this capacity Sandwich joined the North America and West Indies Station. Tasked with relieving the Great Siege of Gibraltar, Rodney's fleet fought the Action of 8 January 1780 and Battle of Cape St. Vincent on 16 January before completing the first naval relief on 19 January. Sandwich subsequently sailed with Rodney to the West Indies, arriving there on 28 March.[5]

Rodney's relief fleet at Gibraltar with captured Spanish battleships from the Battle of Cape St Vincent, by Dominic Serres. Sandwich with the tallest mast is to the right of the group flying the flag of St George.

Sandwich fought at the

Jamaica Station.[5]

Captain John Cowling replaced Moriarty in around May 1782, and Sandwich sailed back to England with Parker. There the ship was paid off in August. In October Captain John Frodsham took command, and Sandwich became the guardship at the

receiving ship at Sheerness in October 1787, with Captain Thomas Tonken in command. The ship was paid off in February 1788, but returned to duty as receiving ship in the Nore in May 1790, still under Tonken. At this time Sandwich was also flagship to Vice-Admiral John Dalrymple, Commander-in-Chief, The Nore. In October the ship moved to serve again as receiving ship at Sheerness before being recommissioned in December 1792 by Captain William Lockyer, who commanded her as guardship at the Nore.[5]

In February 1793 Lockyer was replaced by Captain James Mosse, and Sandwich served in succession as the flagship of three Commanders-in-Chief, The Nore; Dalrymple again from March, Vice-Admiral Charles Buckner from August 1795, and Vice-Admiral Skeffington Lutwidge from July 1797. In September of the latter year Sandwich was paid off again, and recommissioned in November as a prison ship with the rating of a sloop. Based in the River Medway, the ship's next commander was Lieutenant Richard Hancock. Hancock was replaced in April 1798 by Captain Billy Douglas, who in turn handed over to Captain Abraham Guyot in April 1801.[5]

Sandwich was paid off in April 1802 with the

Peace of Amiens, but recommissioned in July 1803 with the start of the Napoleonic Wars under the command of Emmanuel Hungerford. Sandwichs final commander was Lieutenant Joseph Coxwell from 1809. The ship was broken up at Chatham in 1810.[5][1]

HMS Sandwich fires into the French flagship Bucentaure (the vessel shown completely dismasted in foreground, left of centre) at the battle of Trafalgar. Bucentaure also fights HMS Victory (behind her) and HMS Temeraire (left side of the picture). In fact, Sandwich did not fight at Trafalgar; her presence in this painting is due to a mistake by Auguste Mayer, the painter.[6]

Citations

  1. ^ a b c Lavery, Ships of the Line vol.1, p175.
  2. ^ Winfield (2007), p. 140.
  3. ^ a b c d e Winfield (2007), p. 141.
  4. ^ Winfield (2007), pp. 141–142.
  5. ^ a b c d e Winfield (2007), p. 142.
  6. ^ Auguste Mayer's picture as described by the official website of the Musée national de la Marine (in French) Archived 21 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine

References

  • ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8
    .
  • Lavery, Brian (2003) The Ship of the Line – Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650–1850. Conway Maritime Press.
    ISBN 0-85177-252-8
    .
  • Winfield, Rif (2007). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1714–1792: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. London: Pen & Sword.
    ISBN 978-1-84415-700-6
    .
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