Hadrumetum
Bardo Museum) | |
Location | Tunisia |
---|---|
Region | Sousse Governorate |
Coordinates | 35°49′28″N 10°38′20″E / 35.824444°N 10.638889°E |
Hadrumetum,.
A number of punic steles were found during excavations at the site of the modern day Église Notre-Dame-de-l'Immaculée-Conception de Sousse [fr].
Names
The
The ancient transcriptions of the name show a great deal of variation. Different
It was renamed Honoriopolis after the emperor Honorius in the early 5th century,[citation needed] then Hunericopolis after the Vandal king Huneric[6] and Justinianopolis[3] after the Byzantine emperor Justinian I.
Geography
Hadrumetum controlled the mouth of a small river
History
Phoenician colony
In the 9th century BC,[ in the 580s and 570s BC.
Carthaginian city
Agathocles of Syracuse captured the town in 310 BC[1] during the Seventh Sicilian War, as part of his failed attempt to move the conflict to Africa. Hadrumetum later provided refuge to Hannibal and other Carthaginian survivors after their 202 BC defeat at Zama,[1] which decided the outcome of the Second Punic War. The total length of the Punic fortifications was apparently 6,410 meters (21,030 ft); some ruins survive.[9]
Roman city
During the
During the
Hadrumetum was one of the most important communities in
Under
Later history
In 434, it was largely destroyed by the
The ruins of Hadrumetum stood in the village of Hammeim,[3] 10 kilometers (6 mi) from the later Sousse,[7] which grew up to include them in its outskirts.
Under
Ruins
In addition to the
Religion
As a major Roman city, Hadrumetum produced a number of
List of bishops
There were nine ancient bishops of Hadrumetum who are still known.[5]
- 256 Council of Carthage[18]
- martyred by Gaiseric
- St Primasius
- Raphael de Figueredo (1681.05.14 – 1695.10.12)
- Salvator-Alexandre-Félix-Carmel Brincat (1889.05.12 – 1909.04.02)
- Giacinto Gaggia (1909.04.29 – 1913.10.28)
- Jean-Marie Bourchany (1914.01.13 – 1931.11.27)
- Carlo Re, IMC (1931.12.14 – 1951.12.29)
- Jorge Manrique Hurtado (1952.02.23 – 1956.07.28)
- Celestin Bezmalinovic, OP (1956.08.07 – 1967)
- Mijo Škvorc, SJ(1970.06.16 – 1989.02.15)
- Marian Błażej Kruszyłowicz, OFM Conv(1989.12.09 – present)
References
Citations
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Enc. Brit. (1911), p. 802.
- ^ a b Maldonado López (2013), pp. 43–45.
- ^ a b c d e New Class. Dict. (1860), s.v. "Hadrūmētum".
- ^ Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), Hadrumētum
- ^ a b c d Cath. Enc. (1910).
- ^ O. Maenchen-Helfen, The World of the Huns. IX. footnote 113.
- ^ a b Norie (1831), p. 348.
- ^ Sallust, Jug., 19.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Enc. Brit. (1911), p. 803.
- Appian, The Punic Wars, §94.
- ^ CIL, Vol. I, p. 84.
- ^ Caesar & al., Afr. War, Ch. iii.
- ^ Suetonius, Div. Jul., §59. (in Latin) & (in English)
- ^ Caesar & al., Afr. War, §76.
- ^ Caesar & al., Afr. War, §89.
- ^ Suetonius, Vesp., Ch. iv.
- ^ Procop., Build., Book VI, §6.
- ^ Cyprian. "Epistle LIII". andrews.edu. Retrieved Feb 16, 2022.
Bibliography
- A New Classical Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography, Mythology, and Geography, New York: Harper & Bros, 1860.
- Babelon, Ernest Charles François (1911). . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 802–803.
- Maldonado López, Gabriel (2013), Las Ciudades Fenicio Púnicas en el Norte de África... (PDF). (in Spanish)
- Norie, J.W. (1831), New Piloting Directions for the Mediterranean Sea..., London: J.W. Norie & Co.
- Pétridès, Sophrone (1910), "Hadrumetum", Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. VII, New York: Robert Appleton Co.
External links
- Sousse (Sūsa) Archived 2008-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Encyclopaedia of the Orient
- Adventures of Tunisia: A virtual tour of the historic sites of Sousse Archived 2008-09-22 at the Wayback Machine
- GigaCatholic, with titular incumbents lists and linked biographies