Hadrumetum

Coordinates: 35°49′28″N 10°38′20″E / 35.82444°N 10.63889°E / 35.82444; 10.63889
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Hadrumetum
Bardo Museum)
Hadrumetum is located in Tunisia
Hadrumetum
Shown within Tunisia
LocationTunisia
RegionSousse Governorate
Coordinates35°49′28″N 10°38′20″E / 35.824444°N 10.638889°E / 35.824444; 10.638889

Hadrumetum,

colony that pre-dated Carthage. It subsequently became one of the most important cities in Roman Africa before Vandal and Umayyad conquerors left it ruined. In the early modern period, it was the village of Hammeim, now part of Sousse, Tunisia
.

A number of punic steles were found during excavations at the site of the modern day Église Notre-Dame-de-l'Immaculée-Conception de Sousse [fr].

Names

The

Cadiz
, which appears as Gadir ("Stronghold") or Agadir ("The Stronghold").

The ancient transcriptions of the name show a great deal of variation. Different

Roman colony, its formal name was emended to Colonia Concordia Ulpia Trajana Augusta Frugifera Hadrumetina to honor its imperial sponsor.[1]

It was renamed Honoriopolis after the emperor Honorius in the early 5th century,[citation needed] then Hunericopolis after the Vandal king Huneric[6] and Justinianopolis[3] after the Byzantine emperor Justinian I.

Geography

Hadrumetum controlled the mouth of a small river

Mediterranean along the Tunisian coast.[1]

History

Phoenician colony

In the 9th century BC,[

in the 580s and 570s BC.

Carthaginian city

Agathocles of Syracuse captured the town in 310 BC[1] during the Seventh Sicilian War, as part of his failed attempt to move the conflict to Africa. Hadrumetum later provided refuge to Hannibal and other Carthaginian survivors after their 202 BC defeat at Zama,[1] which decided the outcome of the Second Punic War. The total length of the Punic fortifications was apparently 6,410 meters (21,030 ft); some ruins survive.[9]

Roman city

During the

duumvir) and minted its own bronze coins with the head of "Neptune" or the Sun.[9]

During the

Metellus Scipio and Juba at Thapsus, after which Longus was killed by his own men for the money he was carrying[14] and the town went over to Caesar.[15]

Roman ruins at Hadrumetum

Hadrumetum was one of the most important communities in

Rome's grain supply. It quarreled with its neighbor Thysdrus over the temple of a goddess equated to Minerva, which stood on their shared border.[1]

Under

emperor in the 190s.[9] At the end of the 3rd century, it became the capital of the new province of Byzacena[5] (modern Sahel, Tunisia
).

Later history

In 434, it was largely destroyed by the

conquered by the Umayyad Caliphate
in the 7th century.

The ruins of Hadrumetum stood in the village of Hammeim,[3] 10 kilometers (6 mi) from the later Sousse,[7] which grew up to include them in its outskirts.

Under

sarcophagi and inscriptions.[9]

Ruins

In addition to the

theater; and a Punic necropolis.[9]

Religion

As a major Roman city, Hadrumetum produced a number of

.

List of bishops

There were nine ancient bishops of Hadrumetum who are still known.[5]

  • 256 Council of Carthage[18]
  • St Primasius
  • Raphael de Figueredo (1681.05.14 – 1695.10.12)
  • Salvator-Alexandre-Félix-Carmel Brincat (1889.05.12 – 1909.04.02)
  • Giacinto Gaggia (1909.04.29 – 1913.10.28)
  • Jean-Marie Bourchany (1914.01.13 – 1931.11.27)
  • Carlo Re, IMC (1931.12.14 – 1951.12.29)
  • Jorge Manrique Hurtado (1952.02.23 – 1956.07.28)
  • Celestin Bezmalinovic, OP (1956.08.07 – 1967)
  • Mijo Škvorc,
    SJ
    (1970.06.16 – 1989.02.15)
  • Marian Błażej Kruszyłowicz,
    OFM Conv
    (1989.12.09 – present)

References

Citations

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Enc. Brit. (1911), p. 802.
  2. ^ a b Maldonado López (2013), pp. 43–45.
  3. ^ a b c d e New Class. Dict. (1860), s.v. "Hadrūmētum".
  4. ^ Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), Hadrumētum
  5. ^ a b c d Cath. Enc. (1910).
  6. ^ O. Maenchen-Helfen, The World of the Huns. IX. footnote 113.
  7. ^ a b Norie (1831), p. 348.
  8. ^ Sallust, Jug., 19.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h Enc. Brit. (1911), p. 803.
  10. .
  11. ^ CIL, Vol. I, p. 84.
  12. ^ Caesar & al., Afr. War, Ch. iii.
  13. ^ Suetonius, Div. Jul., §59. (in Latin) & (in English)
  14. ^ Caesar & al., Afr. War, §76.
  15. ^ Caesar & al., Afr. War, §89.
  16. ^ Suetonius, Vesp., Ch. iv.
  17. ^ Procop., Build., Book VI, §6.
  18. ^ Cyprian. "Epistle LIII". andrews.edu. Retrieved Feb 16, 2022.

Bibliography

External links

35°49′28″N 10°38′20″E / 35.82444°N 10.63889°E / 35.82444; 10.63889