Hagley, Tasmania
Hagley Federal division(s) | Lyons | ||||||||||||||
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Hagley is a rural locality and town in the local government area of
The area was used by the Port Dalrymple—an early name for
There are four church buildings in Hagley. A
The town has some 19th-century buildings listed on both the Register of the National Estate and the Tasmanian Heritage Register. Hagley Mill is noted as possibly the only extant mill in Australia that was horse-driven. Quamby Estate, the former estate of Sir Richard Dry, is run as a tourist attraction and has a 9-hole golf course. Hagley's reticulated water supply is sourced from a filtration and treatment plant at nearby Westbury. This plant opened in 2013; from 1902 until then the town had received untreated water. From 1871 the town was serviced by passenger rail, but this ceased prior to 1978. Hagley was originally on the main road from Launceston to Deloraine, but was bypassed in 2001 when the Hagley section of the Bass Highway was completed.
History
Prior to the European settlement of what was then
... a mob of blacks who had committed a murder on the property sought refuge there when an avenging party of whites were on their heels. They cried 'No, No,' and kept diving under the water for safety, but were all shot.
— Karl Stieglitz, Stieglitz (1946)[5]
By 1830, aborigines were no longer seen in the area; they had been driven from their traditional areas by the new settlers. In October that year detachments of "The
William Thomas Lyttleton, William Bryan and Sir Richard Dry were all important figures in the early days of the town. These three owned most of the land of what is now the town and district of Hagley during the 1820s.[7]
Sir Richard Dry's father came to Tasmania as an "Irish Exile" with Lt Governor Colonel William Patterson, founder of Launceston. He spent 13 years as Government Storekeeper at Port Dalrymple. As recognition of his work, on retirement in 1819 he was granted 500 acres (200 ha) of land. Governor Lachlan Macquarie granted him the land that marked the foundation of settlement at Hagley. When the elder Dry died, Sir Richard inherited this and other lands in Tasmania totaling over 30,000 acres (120 km2).[8] Quamby Estate, a property owned by Sir Richard until his death, is east of the town.[9] Quamby is supposedly an Aboriginal word - although its meaning is not certain.[5] William Thomas Lyttleton was born in 1786 in England; he was a distant connection to those owning Hagley Hall in Worcestershire, England.[7] He spent some years in the army, moving to Van Diemen's Land in 1822 with his family, after he retired. He was initially granted 560 acres (230 ha) near Westbury, adjacent the land owned by Richard Dry,[5] and 800 near Meander. He called the grant near Westbury 'Hagley', in honour of the Town, Parish or Hall in England. Lyttleton built a homestead on the Hagley property in 1829, though most or all of this original building has been since demolished. He lived in the Hagley area for 14 years, before returning to England.[10] William Bryan, builder of the first flour mill at Carrick, was granted 1,077 acres (436 ha) at Hagley in March 1825. Bryan also had holdings in Carrick and Whitemore totaling 11,000 acres (4,500 ha).[11]
Lyttleton died in England in 1839. In disposing his estate, the estate's trustee put all of the lands up for sale. Lyttleton is believed to have
The first building in the town was a brick church built on the side of the road from Launceston to Westbury. This road was known as the "Westbury Road", now called the Meander Valley Highway. The church was built for Church of England services and opened in 1848.[12] It was built at the behest of Sir Richard Dry and Archdeacon R. R. Davies, the latter trustee of the Lyttleton estate, on part of the former estate. The land was a gift to the Church of England by Davies in his capacity as a trustee.[13] By 1849, the town's buildings were the Hagley Church of England, an inn—built and run by the East Family opposite the church—and three paling-clad cottages occupied by separate families.[14] At this time the Westbury Road was often a muddy quagmire and land, especially near Quamby bend, that is now cleared was dense forest.[15] The Hagley Inn was opened c.1850, it was first called "The Country Inn", by James East, who had run the earlier inn in Hagley. Over time the inn has been extensively altered and it closed as a hotel in the late 1980s.[16] In 1850 Hagley's buildings comprised
... the church, the Hagley Inn, a blacksmith's shop, a cottage occupied by Mr. Fryett, and one occupied by F.J.Flight, who died recently at Forth; also one built, I think, by a Mr. Lyons.
— J. A. Breaden[17]
Hagley's population increased significantly during the 1850s as people moved both to the village, and to farming properties in the district.[14] A doctor was practicing in the area by 1854,[15] and in 1855 a school opened in the Church of England; paid for with funds raised by local residents.[18] That year a postal service began in Hagley. David Parry was appointed postmaster on 1 July 1855, probably operating an unofficial post office from the Hagley Inn. A post office officially opened on 10 June 1865, in a building that was demolished in 1970. This building also had a store called the "six day store" run by the postmaster and his wife.[19] The town gained a second hotel in 1857 with Carmody's Meander Hotel,[20] though this remained open for only a few years.[21] In 1857 also the town's first community organisation was formed, the Hagley Ploughing Association, and regular ploughing matches began.[22] A second church was built, a Methodist Chapel on the Westbury road, in 1859.[14]
Mrs Bryan and her husband were concerned about the lack of education in the area. In the early 1860s they provided two acres of land at nearby Glenore,
Electricity reached Hagley in 1928, supplied by the Tasmanian
Hagley was gazetted as a locality in 1968.[30]
Geography and demographics
Hagley sits on mostly flat land near the Meander River at an elevation of 150 metres (490 ft) above
In the first Australian census in 1911 there were 611 people resident in the town and surrounding area.[35] By 1931 this had reduced to 246, of which 186 lived in the town.[36] In the 2011 census 330 people were recorded living in 148 dwellings in the Hagley statistical area.[37] The census did not record the town's population but the Meander Valley Council notes it as c.150 in 2014.[9] Hagley's people are predominantly Australian born with 89.1% reporting as such in the 2011 census.[37] This contrasts with 83.6% for Tasmania and 69.8% for the whole of Australia.[38]
The town is in the Meander Valley Council local government area,[9] the state legislative council Electoral division of Western Tiers,[39] and the Division of Lyons for both the state and federal houses of representatives.[40]
Road infrastructure
The
Climate
Climate data for Westbury (Valley View) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 23.4 (74.1) |
23.4 (74.1) |
21.0 (69.8) |
17.1 (62.8) |
13.8 (56.8) |
10.0 (50.0) |
9.7 (49.5) |
11.9 (53.4) |
14.5 (58.1) |
16.9 (62.4) |
19.4 (66.9) |
21.8 (71.2) |
16.9 (62.4) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 8.2 (46.8) |
8.5 (47.3) |
7.2 (45.0) |
4.7 (40.5) |
2.4 (36.3) |
1.0 (33.8) |
0.6 (33.1) |
1.7 (35.1) |
3.0 (37.4) |
4.4 (39.9) |
5.8 (42.4) |
7.5 (45.5) |
4.6 (40.3) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 45.2 (1.78) |
46.7 (1.84) |
47.7 (1.88) |
64.3 (2.53) |
76.6 (3.02) |
85.7 (3.37) |
102.1 (4.02) |
97.2 (3.83) |
81.1 (3.19) |
74.0 (2.91) |
58.2 (2.29) |
55.7 (2.19) |
834.5 (32.85) |
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 4.2 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 5.4 | 6.7 | 7.4 | 8.9 | 9.3 | 8.1 | 7.4 | 6.0 | 5.4 | 76.8 |
Source: Bureau of Meteorology[3] |
Sports
The sport of coursing began in Tasmania at Hagley, an event was held 6–7 June 1878 at Quamby. For this first event 500 people, including the Governor of Tasmania, came from Launceston. Tasmanian Government Railways ran an excursion train service from Launceston for the event.[42] A coursing competition called the "Waterloo Cup" has a long history in the town.[note 2]
Hagley's recreation ground opened on the main road in 1902;[43] until then local paddocks were used. An Australian rules football club was formed in Hagley c.1895. Matches were played on a private paddock until 1902 when they moved to the recreation ground.[44] The club's most successful period was, as part of the Esk Association, when they won five successive premierships from 1949 to 1953.[45] The club closed in 1998, as part of a general decline of country football in Tasmania. During the club's 102 years, the most widely known player was former St Kilda player Matthew Young.[46]
Hagley's cricket team was formed in the 1890s and was playing by 1896.[5] Similarly to the football club they played on a paddock, adjacent to the current recreation ground, moving to the new ground in 1902.[47] The ground remains open for cricket though Hagley no longer fields a team.[48]
Water supply
In 1898 the Westbury and Hagley Water Act was passed, providing for construction of a reticulated water scheme using water from the Meander River and other streams.[49] Hagley was connected to mains water via the Westbury-Hagley water scheme in 1902.[50] By 1923 residents of Hagley were asking for an upgrade of the system, as it was seen as inadequate by then.[51] The Westbury Council took out loans in 1952 to extend the system,[52] and work on this extension continued into 1954, still connected to Westbury although with larger diameter pipes.[53]
For over a century the water was supplied untreated. In the 1980s a dam at Westbury allowed selective pumping from the river and some improvement in water quality.[54] As Hagley's water was not fully treated, from time to time contamination required boil-water notices. Sedimentation damaged hot-water cylinders and restricted supply due to the deposits left in the water delivery system.[55] Work began in 2012 on a $5.5 million water treatment work at Westbury to supply Westbury, Hagley and Exton.[54] This water treatment plant was opened by Ben Lomond Water in June 2013, supplying filtered and treated water to Hagley.[56]
Religion and churches
Presbyterian
There was a
The church used bricks from a demolished brewery, possibly in Longford, and it was completed at a cost of approximately 950 pounds.[58] The building was designed by Harry Conway, a Launceston architect.[59] It is a largely brick building with freestone corbels and copings, and is of a Gothic Revival architectural style. The church is 40 by 25 feet (12.2 by 7.6 m) with a 12-by-10-foot (3.7 by 3.0 m) vestry, and was intended to seat 250 people.[58] By 1973 the Presbyterian congregation at Hagley was very small and there was cause for concern about its future.[60] The Presbyterian church building is still in the town, opposite the original Hagley hotel, but is now privately owned and no longer used for worship.[13]
Methodist and Uniting Church
Hagley has a
The church held its final service 31 January 2016. Low attendance and high maintenance costs were cited as reasons for its closure.[64]
Church of England (Anglican)
Hagley's first building was a brick church, on "Westbury Road" for Church of England services.[65] The foundation stone was laid 8 January 1847 and the church completed, using materials from Deloraine, and opened 9 June 1848.[66] It was built on part of the former Lyttleton Estate, funded by Sir Richard Dry and the estate's trustee, Archdeacon R.R. Davies.[13] When completed the church was in the Parish of Westbury. By 1859, with population growing, parishioners in Hagley held a meeting to consider forming their own Parish.[67] Dry offered to pay the Minister's stipend and provide 1000 pounds towards church buildings. Consequent to this offer, the separate Parish of Hagley and Quamby was created.[68] This first church was used until completion of the later St Mary's Church. It was later demolished to make way for a Presbyterian Church.[69]
The Church of England's parish of Hagley had its beginnings in 1856 when Dry endowed it with three farms. Between them these farms brought in 400 pounds rental income per year.
The brick rectory was completed in 1861, before construction of the church began. St Mary's foundation stone was laid 10 December 1861, in a ceremony attended by Dry and Bishop
St Mary's church houses recreations of two significant artworks, both donated in 1857 by Lady Clara Dry. The first is a recreation of Guido Reni's 1610 altarpiece from the Quirinal Palace, Rome. The second a 19th-century copy of Raphael's Transfiguration. Both were purchased in Italy during the Dry's honeymoon, and were restored in 2004.[74] It also contains a copy of Bartolomé Esteban Murillo's Crucifixion in the East window—a gift from Lady Dry— and a copy of Raphael's Annunciation.[65] The Nave houses an organ built in 1861 by J. W. Walker & Sons Ltd of London. The organ is essentially original, with only the addition of electric blowing, and includes one manual and seven speaking stops.[75]
Education
Early education in Hagley was by private tutors. In 1855 a school opened in the Church of England building, taking in both
William Bryan and his wife donated land and built a school at nearby Glenore in 1862.[24] The Bryans left a bequest that fully funded the school until 1914, when the state's education department assumed responsibility for the building and the teacher's salary. By 1921[note 3] 56 students were attending. The building had been condemned by 1926 and a new brick school building was built a short distance away.[77] Following a direction by Mrs Bryan in her bequest, the school was used at times for religious services, by Methodists and Anglicans. Due to low attendance the school was closed in 1941 and the few remaining pupils continued schooling at Whitemore.[77]
Hagley has a single school, Hagley Farm Primary School. It teaches reception to year 6 for, as of 2014, 420 students.[78] The school has a 64-hectare (160-acre) commercial farm attached. The farm is varied with cattle, sheep and crops.[79] The school is the oldest that is specifically dedicated to agricultural education in Australia.[80]
The original school building was built in 1865, on 2 acres (0.81 ha) of land just east of the town donated by Sir Richard Dry.[81] This first building is of Gothic Revival form. Its structure and interior are largely intact and original.[82] A decision was made in the 1930s to make Hagley an area school. As of 1935, there were five single-teacher schools in the local area. All of these were closed and Hagley opened as the "Hagley Area School" on 30 January 1936. Its curriculum was much expanded from prior years' and included classes on nutrition, construction, agriculture, housewifery, cooking, carpentry and dressmaking; these classes were segregated into traditional gender roles. Students from the closed schools were brought to Hagley by bus. At this point most rural schools stopped education at grade 7 but from 1937 Hagley was extended to teach grade 8. In the late 1930s the school served Hagley, Carrick, Hadspen, Rosevale and these town's surrounding farms, using two buses to transport students.[83] Hagley and Sheffield were the first two area schools in Tasmania.[81]
A residential side to the school was planned in 1939. Buildings would be added and agricultural work expanded with a full sized farm. The start of World War II caused the building plans to be cancelled though they were soon reinstated, and in 1941 building work began. The reversal was spurred by the desire to accommodate victims of The Blitz, though this particular use never eventuated.[84] The school became residential, for boys, and its farm was extended to 200 acres (81 ha).[81] The first borders were the sons of servicemen. With the extension of the land—the government had purchased 190 acres (77 ha) around the school—the school widened its activities and became known as the Hagley Farm School.[28] Students, as part of their education, built many of the farm's buildings during the war. J Maslin had been principle since 1931. In 1944 while explaining the schools philosophy he stated
We give an acre for a cow or sheep willingly, while we shut our children and our chickens up in too limited spaces, and they suffer in consequence. Schools of the future must be provided with estates where the children will be surrounded with many natural and beautiful things.
Part of the practical work was growing food for the school. In 1944 the daily two-course dinner, for staff and over 90 students, was mostly the school's farm's produce.[81] After the war, from c.1948–55, the school received child migrants from Belgium, Greece and the United Kingdom.[85] The school was known as Hagley State School until 1936, Hagley Farm School until 1976 and Hagley Farm Primary School since.[85]
Transport
A rail line near Hagley was first surveyed in 1856, as part of a route from Launceston to Deloraine. A decade later a Railway Act was passed, strongly supported by then
The road through Hagley, now called the Meander Valley Highway, was originally the main road west from Launceston. Beginning in the 1990s work began on a replacement highway that would bypass all the towns between Prospect and Deloraine, including Hagley.[87] As the road was part of the National Highway this work was funded by the federal government. The federal transport department announced, in 1999, that they were to spend $36 million bypassing Hagley and Westbury with the new Bass Highway. A this time 7600 vehicles per day were driving through Hagley, the bypass was expected to more than halve this. The new highway passed by the historic Hagley Mill site and so, as part of the construction, the federal government funded pre- and post-construction preservation work on the Mill site.[88] Local residents were concerned about the impact on Hagley of the reduction in through traffic and the Westbury-Hagley Development Committee was investigating.[32] The town's centre was finally bypassed when the Bass Highway's Westbury-Hagley bypass was opened on 13 December 2001.[89]
As of 2014 the only public transport in Hagley is school buses, operated by the private Westbus and Redline Coaches companies.[90][91]
Historic buildings
Hagley retains 19th century buildings, some are listed on the now closed Register of the National Estate,[note 4] some also on the Tasmanian Heritage Register.[92]
Hagley house is a brick and stucco, two-storey Georgian era house 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) from the town's centre. Construction was begun by William Lyttleton prior to 1848, at which time it was noted as incomplete, and completed, after Lyttleton's death, by Dr Richardson.[93]
Hagley mill is a historic site, 1 kilometre (0.6 mi) south of Hagley's centre, on part of the former Hagley Estate. The mill and land are owned by the Department of Transport; they were acquired as part of the construction of Bass Highway. The site's significance is that it is possibly the only extant mill in Australia that was horse-driven, and almost certainly the only example in Tasmania. The mill and associated buildings date from 1830 to 1840. The mill appears to have been converted c.1870 to fit a mobile steam mill. Its wheel house has original ironstone foundations and brick walls forming an octagonal building, a design peculiarity to accommodate the horses and driving mechanism. The site has a barn, one-room cottage and dairy that all date from the mill's construction.[94]
Quamby house was built for Sir Richard Dry in 1838, probably to a design by Richard Cromwell Carpenter. It was built mostly by convict labour, using locally made clay bricks, in an American Colonial style, a single storey with a stone-flagged long veranda. The original estate was broken up in the second half of the 19th century.[65] Quamby was opened for tourism, by Tasmanian Premier David Bartlett on 4 October 2009.[95] It is operated as the Quamby Golf and Country Club,[9] and has a par 38 9-hole golf course that dates from the early 1990s.[96]
Notes
- ^ The Glenore School was a few miles south of Hagley rather than in the town itself
- ^ The Waterloo cup is mentioned in newspapers including: Burnie Advocate, p.2, 14 June 1943; The Age p.4, 23 June 1936; Launceston Examiner, p.9, 8 June 1951; Otago Witness, p.21, Issue 1641, 5 May 1883
- ^ Scott, p.26 lists this date incorrectly as 1821 rather than 1921
- ^ A searchable index of the Register of the National Estate was, as of 19 April 2014, accessible on the Department of the Environment website
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- ^ Scott, p.36
- ^ Scott, p.37
- ^ Scott, P.33
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- ^ "Golf". Quamby Estate. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
Bibliography
- Barrett, W R (1942). History of the Church of England in Tasmania. Hobart: Mercury Press.
- Cooper G, Goss G (compilers) (1996). Tasmanian Railways 1871–1996; 125 years. Devonport: CG publishing Co. ISBN 0-646-27633-6.
- Department of Premier and Cabinet (24 July 2003). Partnership agreement between Government of Tasmania and Meander Valley Council (PDF). Retrieved 21 April 2014.
- Evans, Kathryn; Terry, Ian (October 2004). Meander Valley Heritage Study, Stage 1: Thematic History. Meander Valley Council.
- Maslin, T. S. (1948). Hagley (The story of a Tasmanian area school). Melbourne: Georgian House.
- Miller R J, ed. (1973). Presbyterian Church of Tasmania (triple jubilee 1973). Hobart: Presbytery of Tasmania.
- Scott, E.G. (1985). Hagley (A Short history of the early days of the Village and district with notes on the pioneer families). Launceston: Birchalls. ISBN 0-949457-05-1.
- Stephens, Geoffrey (1991). The Anglican Church in Tasmania (A diocesan history to mark the sesquicentenary). Hobart: Trustees of the Diocese. ISBN 0-646-06813-X.
- von Stieglitz, K.R. (1946). Then and now in old Westbury (with notes on Exton, Hagley and Carrick). Launceston: Telegraph Printery.
- Watson, Reg A (1976). Churches of Van Diemen's Land. Hobart: OBM Publishing. ISBN 0-9599034-3-7.
External links
- Media related to Hagley, Tasmania at Wikimedia Commons