Haji Bektash Veli
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Haji Bektash Veli (
He is revered among
His identity
Bektash is generally believed to be of Iranian or Turkic origin.
According to "The history of Aşıkpaşazade" (Aşıkpaşazade Tarihi), written by one of the grandsons of "Aşık Pasha" who was the son of "Muhlis Paşa" (Muhlees Pāshā) who was the son of renowned Bābā Eliyās al-Khorāsānī, "Sayyeed Muhammad ibn Sayyeed Ebrāheem Ātā" had come to
The name attributed to him by his followers can be translated as "The
Origins
Bektash was born in
Silsila connecting to Hoja Ahmad Yasawi
The sisilah of Hadji Baktāsh Wālī reaches to the Yasawi Order through another but a similar
The original Bektashi teachings in many ways resemble the teachings of the Khorasanian Qalandariyya and that of Bābā Eliyās.[18][19] Haji Baktash Veli was the murid of Lokhmānn Bābā (Lokhmānn Sarakhsī), who was one of the four most famous murids of Bābā Eliyās al-Khorāsānī as well. Lokhmānn Bābā, on the other hand, was also a murid of the renowned Qalandari Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar, who was the murid of Ahmad Yasawi. For these reasons, his silsila gets connected to Ahmad Yasawi through two different channels, one by means of the Wafā’i and the other through Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar. He was highly respected by the Sultanate of Rum due to his amicable attitude during the Babai revolt, and his khanqah in Suluca Kara Oyuk was permitted to remain open during and after it, thereby saving the most of the lives of the Alevi survivors.
From the Vilayetname
From the Vilayetname (or: The Saintly Exploits of Hacı Bektaş Veli):[20]
After Lokman Perende had returned from the hajj, the erenler (saints) of Khorasan came to offer him their respects. When they saw a spring flowing from the middle of the mekteb, they said, "We have been here before many times and had never seen such spring." Lokman Perende replied, "This is by the blessings of Hunkar Haji Bektash." The erenler asked, "Who is this Hunkar Haji Bektash?" Lokman Perende said, "Haji Bektash Hunkar is this beloved one," and he then pointed to the young Bektash. The erenler said, "That one is still a child. How on earth could he become a haji?" Lokman Perende then described to the gathering all of the miracles of Haji Bektash one by one and then said, "While I was performing my prayer at the Kaabah, Bektash was always there praying next to me. When we completed our prayer, he would vanished." The erenler said, "Where could this boy have found this extraordinary capability?" Then Hunkar Haji Bektash opened his blessed mouth and said, "I am the secret of the exalted Imam Ali, who is the dispenser of the River Kawthar and who is the Lion of Allah, the Emperor of Sainthood and the Commander of the Faithful. My origin and family line is from him. These many miracles are my inheritance which is granted by Allah. It should not be surprising to anyone that miracles like these appear from me, for this is the Power of God."
The erenler of Khorasan said, "If, in reality, you are the secret of the Shah, he has marks. Show these marks to us and we shall believe." Now the sign of Hazreti Ali was this; in the middle of his blessed hand he had a beautiful mole of emerald tone. So Hazreti Hunkar Haji Bektash Veli opened his sanctified hand and showed his palm. They all saw that there, in the middle his palm, was a beautiful emerald mole. The erenler said, "The Commander of the Faithful also had a beautiful emerald mole on his blessed forehead." Hunkar Haji Bektash Veli removed the skull cap from his blessed head and all saw a divinely illuminated mole of emerald tint between his brow. All of the erenler begged for forgiveness, saying, "O Dervish of the Dervishes, we have been sorely mistaken." They surrendered to him asserting, "These are indeed miracles."
Spread of the Bektashi order
Nineteenth century and later
When the Janissary corps were abolished in 1826 by
Although the Bektashi order regained many of its lost tekkes during the Tanzimat period, they, along with all other Sufi orders, were banned in Turkey in 1925 as a result of the country's secularization policies and all Bektashi tekkes were closed once more along with all others.
The main Bektashi tekke is in the town of
The Four Poles of Anatolia
Haji Bektash Veli is considered one of the four poles (
In popular culture
- In the Turkish TV series Yunus Emre: Aşkın Yolculuğu (2015), he was portrayed by Ahmet Mekin.[23]
See also
References
- ^ C. Olsen: Celibacy and Religious Traditions. Oxford University Press. 1st Ed. 2007. Pg. 143–144
- ^ "Haci Bektaş Veli's Commentary of Fatiha | the First Bektashi Teqe in America". Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
- ^ "The Bektashi Order of Dervishes". bektashiorder.com. Archived from the original on 12 August 2011.
- ^ Alexēs G. K. Savvidēs, Byzantium in the Near East: Its Relations with the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in Asia Minor, The Armenians of Cilicia and The Mongols, A.D. c. 1192-1237, Kentron Vyzantinōn Ereunōn, 1981, p. 116.
- ^ a b Algar 1989.
- ^ Bashir 2008, p. 143.
- ^ M. Kia: Daily Life in the Ottoman Empire. Greenwood Pub Group Inc. 2011. Pg. 169: "The Bektashis traced the origins of their order to the Persian Sufi master Hadji Baktāsh Wālī [...]"
- ISBN 978-1-57607-355-1.
- ^ Algar 1989, p. 116–118.
- Madh'habmovements, p. 184, Ahmed Said tab’ı, Hilmi Ziya neşriyâtı, 1940.
- OCLC 495469456.
- ^ Ibn Khallikan, Shakāyik.
- ^ H. Algar, "Khorāsanian Sufī Hāji Bektāŝ", Encyclopædia Iranica, v, p. 117, Online Edition 2006, (LINK)
- Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı, p. 49.
- ^ J. Spencer Trimingham, The Sufi Orders in Islam, Clarendon Press, 1971, p. 81.
- OCLC 495469456.
- ^ Ibn Bibi, Al-Avāmer’ûl-‘ālā’īyyah, pages 498-499.
- ^ Algar, Hamid. "BEKTĀŠ, ḤĀJĪ". Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved 24 October 2011.
- ^ Mehmet Fuat Köprülü, citing ibn Bibi in his book "Anadolu'da İslamiyet" (Islam in Anatolia) (1922), identifies Bābā with Baba Ishak who led The Bābā Ishāq Rebellion; this is contradicted by other scholars, such as David Cook in his book Martyrdom in Islam (2007; p. 84), citing historical references, such as the Manākib ul-Qudsiyya (14th century)
- ^ "The Bektashi Order of Dervishes". bektashiorder.com. Archived from the original on 12 August 2011.
- ^ "The Bektashi Order of Dervishes". bektashiorder.com. Archived from the original on 18 August 2011.
- ^ "ŞÂBÂN-ı VELÎ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi". TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish). Retrieved 28 April 2022.
- ^ "Yunus Emre Aşkın Sesi filminin kadrosu ve yönetmeni".
Sources
- Algar, Hamid (1989). "BEKTĀŠ, ḤĀJĪ". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. IV, Fasc. 2. pp. 116–118.
- Bashir, Shahzad (2008). Olson, Carl (ed.). Celibacy and Religious Traditions. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-530632-3.
- J. Birge, The Bektashi Order of Dervishes, London, 1937, chapter VI. (p. 22)
- Sayyed Hossein Nasr, Sufi Essays, SUNY Press, (1972). p. 117.
- Brian Glyn Williams: Mystics, Nomads and Heretics: A History of the Diffusion of Muslim Syncretism from Central Asia to the Thirteenth-Century Turco-Byzantine Dobruca - International journal of Turkish studies, 2001 - University of Wisconsin (p. 7)
- R. Khanam, Encyclopaedic ethnography of Middle-East and Central Asia, Global Vision Publishing Ho, 2005 (p. 142)
- The Harvard Theological Review, Cambridge University Press, Vol. 2, No. 3, July 1909, (p. 343)
- Richard Robert Madden, The Turkish Empire: In its relations with Christianity and civilization., Vol.1, 335.
- Indries Shah, The Way of the Sufi, 294.
- Mark Soileau, Humanist Mystics:Nationalism and the commemoration of saints in Turkey, 375.
- Olsson, Tord; Ozdalga, Elisabeth; Raudvere, Catharina (1998). Alevi Identity: Cultural, Religious and Social Perspectives. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780203985878.
External links
- Photos of Hacı Bektaş Town
- The Bektashi Order of Dervishes
- The lost Quran commentary of Haji Bektash
- The technology of the Heart in Bektashism
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