Hake
Hake /heɪk/ is the common name for fish in the Merlucciidae family of the northern and southern oceans[1] and the Phycidae family[a] of the northern oceans. Hake is a commercially important fish in the same taxonomic order, Gadiformes, as cod and haddock.
Description
Hakes are medium-to-large fish averaging from 0.5 to 3.6 kilograms (1 to 8 pounds) in weight, with specimens as large as 27 kg (60 lb).[2] The fish can grow up to 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) in length with a lifespan of as long as 14 years.
Hake may be found in the
After
Merlucciidae
A total of 13 hake species are known in the family Merlucciidae:
- Argentine hake (Merluccius hubbsi), found off Argentina
- Benguela hake (Merluccius poli), found off South Africa
- Deep-water hake (southern Atlantic Ocean
- European hake (Merluccius merluccius), found off the Atlantic coast of Europe and western North Africa, in the Mediterranean Sea, and in the Black Sea[4]
- Gayi hake (Merluccius gayi), found in the North Pacific Ocean
- North Pacific hake (Merluccius productus), found in the North Pacific
- Offshore hake (Merluccius albidus), found off the United States
- Panama hake (Merluccius angustimanus), found in the Eastern Pacific
- Senegalese hake (Merluccius senegalensis), found off the Atlantic coast of western North Africa
- Shallow-water hake (Merluccius capensis), found in the southern Atlantic Ocean
- Northwest Atlantic Ocean
- Southern hake (Merluccius australis), found off Chile and off New Zealand
Commercial use
This section needs additional citations for verification. (October 2023) |
Not all hake species are viewed as commercially important, but the deep-water and shallow-water hakes are known to grow rapidly and make up the majority of harvested species..
Fisheries
The main catching method of deep-water hake is primarily
).Over-exploitation
Due to
In Chile, seafood exports, especially Chilean hake, have decreased dramatically. Hake export has decreased by almost 19 percent. The main cause of this decline is the February 2010 Chile earthquake and tsunami. These disasters destroyed most processing plants, especially manufacturing companies that produce fish meal and frozen fillets.[8]
European hake catches are well below historical levels because of hake
Namibia is the only country that has increased its hake quota, from 130,000 tonnes (130,000 long tons; 140,000 short tons) in 2009 to 145,000 tonnes (143,000 long tons; 160,000 short tons) in 2010.
Human introduction to non-native areas
This is an Irish salt water fish, similar in appearance to the tom cod. In Galway bay, and other sea inlets of Ireland, the hake is exceedingly abundant, and is taken in great numbers. It is also found in England and France. Since the Irish immigration to America, the hake has followed in the wake of their masters, as it is now found in New York bay, in the waters around Boston, and off Cape Cod. Here it is called the stock fish, and the Bostonians call them poor Johns. It is a singular fact that until within a few years this fish was never seen in America. It does not grow as large here as in Europe, though here they are from ten to eighteen inches [250 to 460 mm] in length. The general color of this fish is a reddish brown, with some golden tints—the sides being of a pink silvery luster.[10]
Notes
References
- ISBN 978-1-86812-032-1.
- ^ a b "Hake - all about fish on The Worldwide Gourmet". Theworldwidegourmet.com. Retrieved 2010-09-15.
- ^ a b "South Africa hake trawl — MSC". Msc.org. Retrieved 2010-09-15.
- ^ "FAO Fisheries & Aquaculture – Species Fact Sheets – Merluccius merluccius (Linneaus, 1758) (sic)". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved 2015-08-21.
- ISBN 978-1-118-56826-2, retrieved 2021-04-18
- ^ "Argentine hake fishery and markets at risk because of over-fishing, says NGO — MercoPress". En.mercopress.com. 2010-03-22. Retrieved 2010-09-15.
- ^ "Fao Globefish". Globefish.org. Retrieved 2010-09-15.
- ^ "Worldnews - Sharp decline in exports to the south-central area". FIS. 2010-08-27. Retrieved 2010-09-15.
- ^ Katti could pocket N$42m from 1% oil block sale
- Forrester, Frank (1855). Frank Forrester's Fishermens' Guide. New York: Advance Publishing Company.