Hakim (title)

Ḥakīm and Ḥākim are two

Hakīm (حكيم)

This title is one of the

Hakīm (alternative transcription Hakeem) indicates a "wise man" or "physician", or in general, a practitioner of

Hakīm was also used more generally during the Islamic Golden Age to refer to polymath scholars who were knowledgeable in religion, medicine, the sciences, and Islamic philosophy.

Some examples of hakīm are:

• Ibn Sina
• Omar Khayyam

Uses

• In old Abyssinia or Ethiopia, Hakim usually meant a learned person, usually a physician. Hence a Hakim-Bejt was a doctor's house or hospital.
• In
  Unani
  medicine.
• In Turkey, hekim denotes a physician, while hakim can be used for a very wise person or philosopher. (See also the use of the homonymous word hakim for a judge, mentioned below.)

Hākim (حاكم)

Hākim (alternative transcription Hakem) means a ruler, governor or judge. As with many titles, it also occurs as a part of the names of many individuals.

In Arab countries

• In Lebanon, the full title of the Emirs under Ottoman (and a while Egyptian) sovereignty was al-Amir al-Hakim (الأمير الحكيم), 1516–1842
• In three future
  Persian Gulf emirates
  , the first monarchic style was hakim:
  • Since 1783 when the conquering al-Khalifah lineage settles on Bahrain to 16 August 1971, its style was Hakim al-Bahrayn (حكيم البحرين‎, 'Ruler of Bahrain'), then Amir Dawlat al-Bahrayn (أمير دولة البحرين‎, 'Emir of the State of Bahrain'); since 14 February 2002, they have been styled Malik al-Bahrayn (ملك البحرين‎, 'King of Bahrain').
  • In
    Basra Vilayet (ولایت, seats of the governors, styled Wali, in Iraq) until 3 November 1914, then under British protectorate
    ) until independence on 19 June 1961. Since then the style has officially been Amir ad-Dawlat al-Kuwayt (أمير الدولة الكويت, 'Emir of the State of Kuwait');
  • Since on Muhammad ibn Thani's 12 September 1868 treaty with the British, effectively establishing Qatar (previously considered to be a dependency of Bahrain) as an independent State (limited to Doha and Wakrah, only later expanded to the entire peninsula), his al-Thani dynasty's style was Hakim Qatar (حكيم قطر‎, 'Ruler of Qatar'). From 1871, they were also styked Kaymakam, Ottoman district administrator, as with Kuwait above, until 3 November 1916, thereafter under British protectorate. Since independence from Britain on 3 September 1971, the style has been Amir Dawlat Qatar (أمير دولة قطر‎, 'Emir of the State of Qatar').
• In
  Resident
  at his side, and then, without such French shadow, as first royal governor (until 1954).
• In Yemen until 1902 (changed to Sultan) the rulers of the Quaiti State of Shir and Mukalla, ash-Shihr Wa´l Mukalla, as before the 10 November 1881 merger with the Naqib of Mukalla's state it has been the princely style of ash-Shihr since independence from the Ottomans in 1866.

Elsewhere

• In the
  Baluchi government.^[3]
• In Indonesia, Malaysia and Turkey, hakim denotes a judge.
• In
  Bada Hakim
  was in charge of a district of the realm.
• In the Emirate of Bukhara, hakem was the title of a governor.
• In Nigeria, the Sokoto Caliphate is ceremonially governed by hakimai (sing. "hakimi"), chiefs that are answerable to the Sultan of Sokoto and the Emirs of the realm.
• In Uzbekistan, the term hokim is used to describe a governor or mayor of a region.
• In Kazakhstan, the term äkim is used to describe local-level mayors or governors of regions within the country.

Furthermore

As with many titles, the word also occurs in many personal names, without any noble or political significance.

See also

• Sharif

References