Haldanodon

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Haldanodon
Temporal range:
Ma
Molar teeth in occlusal view (left) and medial view (right)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Synapsida
Clade: Therapsida
Clade: Cynodontia
Clade: Mammaliaformes
Order: Docodonta
Family:
Docodontidae
Genus: Haldanodon
Kühne & Krusat, 1972
Species:
H. exspectatus
Binomial name
Haldanodon exspectatus
Kühne & Krusat, 1972

Haldanodon is an extinct

Guimarota, which is in the Alcobaça Formation. It may have been a semi-aquatic burrowing insectivore, similar in habits to desmans and the platypus. Several specimens are known, include a partial skeleton and well-preserved skulls.[1][2]

Description

Haldanodon was about as long as a desman, and may have had a similar ecology. The skull was low and triangular when seen from above. For many years it had the best-known skull material of any docodont, making it vital for understanding the taxonomic position of that mammaliaform group. It was the first Mesozoic mammaliaform discovered to possess turbinal plates, a complex feature of mammalian nasal cavities. However, it also retained some curiously primitive traits in common with non-mammaliaform cynodonts.[1]

The body was compact and the legs were short and robust. The articulation of the

distal humerus was particularly expanded, indicating strong muscles for either digging or swimming. The front paws were relatively short, and the bones of the forelimb were curved and laterally compressed.[2]

Classification

Haldanodon was a

sister taxon to Docodon in many analyses.[3]

Phylogeny[4]
Mammaliaformes 

 Adelobasileus

 Sinoconodon

 Morganucodon

 Megazostrodon

 Haramiyida

 Haldanodon

 Castorocauda

 Hadrocodium

 

Mammalia

Paleobiology

Haldanodon may have been a fossorial (burrowing) and/or semi-aquatic

desmans and Ornithorhynchus (the duck-billed platypus). This is indicated by some skeletal features, such as a wide scapula and stout limb bones with specialized joints. It likely had a sprawling gait based on the configuration of its limb joints, but this is probably a result of its specialized lifestyle instead of a primitive trait. The fingers and claws of the forelimb seem to correspond closely to scratch-digging modern mammals like armadillos and pangolins, rather than shovel-diggers like moles.[2]

References

  1. ^ .
  2. ^ .
  3. ^ a b Luo Z-X and Martin T. 2007. Analysis of molar structure and phylogeny in docodont genera. Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History.
  4. PMID 26190074
    .

Further reading

  • Kühne & Krusat (1972), Legalisierung des taxon Haldonodon (Mammalia, Docodonta)
  • Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie, Paläontologie and Mineralogie, Monatshefte 5, P.300-302
  • Martin T & M Nowotny (2000), The docodont Haldanodon Guimarota from the mines, p. 91-96
  • Martin T & Krebs B (eds), Guimarota - A Jurassic Ecosystem, Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München