Halden
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Halden Municipality
Halden kommune | |
---|---|
Sp) | |
Area | |
• Total | 642 km2 (248 sq mi) |
• Land | 596 km2 (230 sq mi) |
• Rank | #173 in Norway |
Population (2020) | |
• Total | 31 387 |
• Rank | #18 in Norway |
• Density | 46/km2 (120/sq mi) |
• Change (10 years) | +6% |
Demonym | Haldenser/Haldensar[1] |
Official language | |
• Norwegian form | Bokmål |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
ISO 3166 code | NO-3101[3] |
Website | Official website |
Halden (pronounced respectively to the southwest, south and southeast.
The seat of the municipality, Halden is a border town located at the mouth of the Tista river on the Iddefjord, the southernmost border crossing between Norway and Sweden. The town of Halden is located about 120 km (75 mi) south of Oslo, 190 km (120 mi) north of Gothenburg, and 12 km (7.5 mi) west of the border crossing at Svinesund.
History
Evidence of early human settlements in this region of Norway have been found, particularly in the
Swedish forces unsuccessfully attempted to invade the town six times between 1658 and 1814. As a reference to the town's citizens burning their own houses to prevent them being taken on 4 July 1716 by the forces of King
In an 1835 census, Fredrikshald was the seventh largest town or city in Norway, with 4,921 inhabitants.[5] In 1838, Fredrikshald became a city municipality (Norwegian: herred), and in 1928, the name was changed back to Halden. Tistedalen, which is 4 kilometres (2 mi) east of Halden, was part of the city from 1686 to 1967, until it was separated from Halden. At the same time, the area of Halden, Tistedalen, and the rural municipalities of Berg and Idd, became the Halden municipality on 1 January 1967.
Politics
The political situation in Halden has become infamous in Norway for conflicts between individual politicians and between local political parties. The municipality is governed by the Conservative Party, the Liberal Party, the Christian Democratic Party, the Centre Party, and the Green Party.[6]
Economy
The slogan, Halden, IT- og Miljøbyen (Halden, IT and Environment City), is a reference to Halden's relatively large number of information technology companies. In the late 1960s, the most powerful mainframe computer in Norway at the time was located at the Institute for Energy Technology's facilities in Halden. From the 1960s-1980s, Halden was infamous for high levels of industrial pollution, largely originating from the Norske Skog Saugbrugs paper mill (part of Norske Skog since 1989). As a result of projects initiated by both Norske Skog-Saugbrugs and the city authorities, the polluted fjords and rivers of Halden have been cleaned up and the city was dubbed Norway's Environment City in 1996.
One of Norway's two
Rød Herregård
Rød Herregård in Halden is one of the best preserved manor houses in Norway. The property features well-preserved buildings, a Baroque garden and an English landscape garden. The buildings have their oldest origins of the late 1600s, but were largely built during the last half of the 1700s. The main building contains authentic furnishings including period furniture, hunting trophies, an extensive collection of art and a large weapons collection. [7]
Rød Herregård was owned and inhabited by members of the Tank and Anker families from 1733 including
In 1961, two foundations were established to maintain the historic property. Rød Manor Foundation (Stiftelsen Rød Herregård) is responsible for the manor house, buildings and gardens. Ankerske Foundation Collections (Stiftelsen De Ankerske Samlinger) is responsible for the contents and the rich archives related to the property.[11]
Notable sights
Halden sights include the Halden Canal system, the two Svinesund bridges, and Høiåsmasten, a partially guyed TV tower. The fortress of Fredriksten has historical museums, and the Østfold University College (Høgskolen i Østfold) is in Halden.
Nature
Halden is surrounded by forests and water, so hiking and fishing locations can easily be found. Deer and elk are a common sight, and wolves have also been observed in the district along the border with Sweden. Raspberries, blackberries, blueberries, wild cranberries, and many varieties of mushroom can be found in the woods in the early autumn. Popular destinations for hikers and other nature lovers include Prestebakke and Kornsjø.
Halden's meteorological station is at Buer.[13]
Gjellestad ship burial
The
Due to extensive fungus damage to the hull caused by field drainage, drought and exposure to the air, archaeologists called for an immediate dig to save the ship.[17] Excavation of the ship at Gjellestad began in June 2020,[18] and is led by Christian L. Rødsrud of the Museum of Cultural History. It is estimated to be over 20 metres long, although only parts of the keel have survived.[19] This would mean that the boat is of a similar size to the Gokstad ship.[20] The identity of the boat's occupant has not yet been confirmed, but experts have speculated that it may have belonged to a king or queen.[21]
Culture
Outdoor concerts are frequently held at the fortress while the local churches, pubs, and student union are regular venues for indoor concerts. Musicians recorded by the Hitsville and Athletic Sound studios in the Halden region include Motorpsycho, Madrugada, Morten Harket, and Kurt Nilsen. The city's intimate theatre hosts frequent plays by national and local theatre groups, and occasionally serves as a concert hall.
Halden festivals include Tons of Rock (hard rock and metal) in June each year (from 2014 before the festival was moved to Oslo in 2019) and a vegetarian food festival in August. The famous pub "Siste Reis" neighbouring the train station has been voted among the ten best pubs in Europe!
Artists born in Halden that are represented in the
Current archaeological excavations includes Jellestadskipet (Gjellestadskipet) located a stone's throw from Jellhaugen; it was first photographed in 2018.[22]
Ancestry | Number |
---|---|
Kosovo | 566 |
Poland | 483 |
Sweden | 419 |
Somalia | 342 |
Iraq | 196 |
Denmark | 145 |
Syria | 135 |
Lithuania | 133 |
Iran | 107 |
Germany | 107 |
Sports
The Halden VBK
One of Norway's few curling centres lies in Halden. Halden Curling Center is host to East-Norway 1 division. In addition there is a separate amateur league with two divisions. Several curlers from Halden have won Norwegian championships and competed internationally.
Halden's forests are a good place for orienteering; and hiking, canoeing, boating, fishing, and gymnastics are also popular sports amongst Halden's population.
Halden's prison
To explore what makes incarceration in Norway different from being imprisoned in other countries, British journalist Raphael Rowe spent a week at Halden Prison for the Netflix documentary Inside the World's Toughest Prisons (Season 3, Episode 4).[25]
Notable residents
Public Service & public thinking
- Ivar Huitfeldt (1665 in Halden – 1710) naval commander in the Dano-Norwegianfleet
- Ove Gjerløw Meyer (ca.1742 in Fredrikshald – 1790) jurist, founded the Norwegian Society
- Peter Anker (1744 in Fredrikshald – 1832) a diplomat, military officer and colonial general
- Hans Jacob Arnold Jensen (1777 - 1853 in Fredrikshald) a military officer and politician
- Carl von und zu Mansbach (1790 in Halden – 1867) Hessian-Norwegian army officer & diplomat
- Nils Otto Tank (1800 near Halden – 1864) a Moravian Church religious leader in Wisconsin
- Christian Heinrich Grosch (1801–1865) an architect, lived in Fredrikshald from 1811
- Christian August Selmer (1816 in Fredrikshald – 1889) a Norwegian lawyer and a magistrate; Prime Minister of Norway 1880 to 1884
- Carl Frederik Fearnley (1818 in Fredrikshald - 1890) a Norwegian astronomer
- Torkel Halvorsen Aschehoug (1822 in Idd – 1909) legal scholar, historian and social economist
- Peter Ludwig Mejdell Sylow(1832–1918) mathematician, headmaster in Halden 1858 to 1898
- Herman Anker (1839 at Rød Manor – 1896) a Norwegian school teacher and educationalist
- Christian August Anker (1840 in Halden – 1912) developed mining and wood-processing
- Ragnvald Bødtker (1859–1946) an engineer, director of log driving in Halden for 42 years
- Jens Andersen (1866 in Idd – 1937) a shoemaker and shoe factory owner
- Andreas Tostrup Urbye (1869 in Fredrikshald – 1955) a civil servant, lawyer and politician
- Theodor Haagaas (1873 in Tistedalen – 1961) a mathematician and private school owner
- Birger Braadland (1879 in Idd – 1966) a politician, foreign minister 1931 to 1933
- Alf Whist (1880 in Fredrikshald – 1962) a Norwegian politician for Nasjonal Samling
- Carl Frølich Hanssen (1883 in Halden – 1960) head of the Norwegian Nazi Labour Service
- Niels Larsen Bruun (1893 in Fredrikshald – 1970) an officer in the Royal Norwegian Navy
- Eva Kolstad (1918 in Halden – 1999) politician and strong promoter of gender equality
- Rolf B. Wegner (born 1940) a lawyer and former chief of police, grew up in Halden
- Christen Ager-Hanssen (born 1962 in Halden) an internet entrepreneur & venture capitalist
- Håkon Wium Lie (born 1965 in Halden) a Norwegian web pioneer and standards activist
The Arts
- Thomas Fearnley (1802 in Fredrikshald – 1842) a Norwegian romantic painter
- Jacob Calmeyer (1802 in Fredrikshald – 1883) a Norwegian painter
- Annette Abigael Hamilton (1806 in Fredrikshald - 1879) a fairy-tale collector and author
- Henriette Wienecke (1819 in Fredrikshald -1907), a composer
- Alvilde Prydz (1846 near Fredrikshald – 1922) a Norwegian novelist
- Oscar Borg (1851 in Halden – 1930) composer of marches for wind bands and conductor
- Gustav Fredrik Lange (1861 in Halden – 1939) a violinist, violin teacher and composer
- Karl Ouren (1882 in Halden – 1943) an American artist of landscapes with winter and snow
- Sven Elvestad (1884 in Fredrikshald – 1934) a Norwegian journalist and author of crime novels
- Mon Schjelderup (1870 in Fredrikshald – 1934) a Norwegian composer and pianist
- Egil Hjorth-Jenssen (1893 in Fredrikshald – 1969) actor, theatre director and playwright[26]
- Pehr Qværnstrøm (1878 in Halden – 1949) an actor, film director and scriptwriter[27]
- Gunnar Olram (1908 in Halden – 2001) a Norwegian actor and stage instructor[28]
- Henning Kvitnes (born 1958 in Tistedalen) Singer/songwriter (Rock/roots)
- Knut Nærum (born 1961 in Halden) comedian, author, comics writer and TV-entertainer
- Harald Rønneberg (born 1973 in Halden) a Norwegian television personality
Sport
- 1906 Summer Olympics
- Erik Anker (1903 in Berg – 1994) a sailor, Olympic team gold medallist and businessperson.
- Johan Anker (1871 at Refne in Berg – 1940) a Norwegian sailor and yacht designer, competed in three Summer Olympics
- Thor Martinsen (born 1945 in Halden) an ice hockey player, competed in 4 Summer Olympics
- Svein Grøndalen (born 1955 in Halden) a former footballer with 77 caps for Norway
- Jørgen Strand Larsen (born 2000 in Halden) a footballer who currently plays for RC Celta de Vigo
Twin towns – sister cities
References
- ^ "Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet.
- ^ "Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
- Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget.
- ^ "Haldens kommunevåpen" (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
- ^ Tabeller over Folkemængden i Norge den 31te December 1845
- ^ "Halden kommune - Politikk". Archived from the original on 2016-04-08. Retrieved 2013-09-29.
- ^ "Rød Herregård". Østfoldmuseene. Retrieved January 25, 2016.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Rød Herregård". ostfold1814. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
- ^ Jon Gunnar Arntzen. "Anker". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
- ^ Jon Gunnar Arntzen. "Anker". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
- ^ "Rød Herregård". Østfoldmuseene. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
- ^ "Jellhaugen". Kulturminnesøk. Retrieved September 1, 2017.
- ^ "Weather forecast for Buer stasjon". Archived from the original on 2011-04-01. Retrieved 2009-04-24.
- ^ "Gjellestadskipet".
- ^ "Skipsgraven fra Gjellestad – ny viten om datering og bevaringstilstand - Kulturhistorisk museum".
- ^ Jellestad Ship
- ^ Science Norway
- ^ Gjellestad excavation
- ^ BBC News
- ^ Historic excavation now underway
- ^ SFL Times
- ^ "Arkeologene trodde de fant et ukjent vikingskip – men slekta til Harald slo dem med 140 år". 19 September 2020.
- ^ "Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, by immigration category, country background and percentages of the population". ssb.no. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
- ^ Gentleman, Amelia. "Inside Halden, the most humane prison in the world". Retrieved 12 December 2018.
- ^ "Inside the World's Thoughest Prisons". Netflix. Retrieved 2021-04-11.
- ^ IMDb Database retrieved 20 January 2021
- ^ IMDb Database retrieved 20 January 2021
- ^ IMDb Database retrieved 20 January 2021
- ^ "Foreningen Norden Halden 80 år". dagsavisen.no (in Norwegian). Dagsavisen. 2019-03-28. Retrieved 2021-01-31.
External links
- Halden travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Municipal fact sheet from Statistics Norway