Halifax, Nova Scotia
Halifax | |
---|---|
Halifax Regional Municipality | |
Motto(s): | |
Coordinates: 44°38′51″N 63°35′26″W / 44.64750°N 63.59056°W[1] | |
Country | Canada |
Province | Nova Scotia |
Town | 1749 |
City | 1842 |
Regional municipality | April 1, 1996 |
Named for | George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax |
Government | |
• Type | Regional municipality |
• Mayor | Mike Savage |
• Governing body | Halifax Regional Council |
• MPs | List of MPs |
• MLAs | List of MLAs |
Area | |
• 782 | |
Website | halifax |
Halifax is the capital and most populous municipality of the
.Halifax is an economic centre of Atlantic Canada, home to a concentration of government offices and private companies. Major employers include the Department of National Defence, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Saint Mary's University, the Halifax Shipyard, various levels of government, and the Port of Halifax. Resource industries found in rural areas of the municipality include agriculture, fishing, mining, forestry, and natural gas extraction.
History
The Mi'kmaq name for Halifax is Kjipuktuk, pronounced "che-book-took".[7] The name means "Great Harbour" in the Mi'kmaq language.[8]
The first permanent European settlement in the region was on the
The establishment of Halifax marked the beginning of
December 6, 1917 saw one of the great disasters in Canadian history, when the
The four municipalities in the Halifax urban area had been coordinating delivery of some services through the Metropolitan Authority since the late 1970s, but remained independent towns and cities until April 1, 1996, when the provincial government
Since amalgamation, the region has officially been known as the Halifax Regional Municipality (HRM), although "Halifax" has remained in common usage for brevity. On April 15, 2014, regional council approved the implementation of a new branding campaign for the municipality. The campaign would see the region referred to in promotional materials simply as "Halifax", although "Halifax Regional Municipality" would remain the region's official name.[14][15][16]
Geography
Climate
Halifax has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), bordering on an oceanic climate (Cfb), with warm summers and relatively mild winters, which is due to Gulf Stream moderation. The weather is usually milder in the winter or cooler in the summer than areas at similar latitudes inland, with the temperature remaining (with occasional notable exceptions) between about −8 and 28 °C (18 and 82 °F).[17] January is the coldest month, being the only month with a high that is slightly below freezing at −0.1 °C (31.8 °F), while August is the warmest. The sea heavily influences the climate of the area, causing significant seasonal lag in summer, with August being significantly warmer than June and with September being the third mildest month in terms of mean temperature.[18] The January mean is only 1.1 °C (2.0 °F) colder than the isotherm for the oceanic climate.
Precipitation is high year-round. Winter features a mix of rain, freezing rain and snow with frequent freeze-thaw cycles. Snowfall is heavy in winter, but snow cover is usually patchy owing to the frequent freeze-thaw cycles, which melt accumulated snow. Some winters feature colder temperatures and fewer freeze-thaw cycles; the most recent of which being the winter of 2014–2015, which was the coldest, snowiest and stormiest in about a century. Spring is often wet and cool and arrives much later than in areas of Canada at similar latitudes, due to cooler sea temperatures. Summers are mild and pleasant, with hot and humid conditions very infrequent. Warm, pleasant conditions often extend well into September, sometimes into mid-October. Average monthly precipitation is highest from November to February due to intense late-fall to winter storms migrating from the Northeastern U.S., and lowest in summer, with August being the year's warmest and driest month on average. Halifax can sometimes receive hurricanes, mostly between August and October. An example is when
The highest temperature ever recorded in Halifax was 37.2 °C (99.0 °F) on July 10, 1912,[20] and the lowest temperature recorded was −29.4 °C (−20.9 °F) on February 18, 1922.[21] The March 2012 North American heat wave brought unusually high temperatures to the municipality of Halifax. On March 22, the mercury climbed to 28.2 °C (82.8 °F) at the Halifax Windsor Park weather station,[22] and 27.2 °C (81.0 °F) at Halifax Stanfield International Airport.[23] In spite of the possibility of high temperatures, in a normal year there are only three days that go above 30 °C (86 °F).[24] Halifax also has a modest frost count by Canadian standards due to the maritime influence, averaging 131 air frosts and 49 full days below freezing annually.[24] On average the frost-free period is 182 days, ranging from May 1 to October 31.[24]
Climate data for Halifax (Citadel Hill) Climate ID: 8202220; coordinates 44°39′N 63°35′W / 44.650°N 63.583°W; elevation: 70.1 m (230 ft); 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1863–present[a] | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 14.0 (57.2) |
16.0 (60.8) |
28.2 (82.8) |
28.3 (82.9) |
33.3 (91.9) |
34.4 (93.9) |
37.2 (99.0) |
34.4 (93.9) |
34.6 (94.3) |
31.1 (88.0) |
23.3 (73.9) |
16.7 (62.1) |
37.2 (99.0) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −0.1 (31.8) |
0.4 (32.7) |
3.6 (38.5) |
8.7 (47.7) |
14.4 (57.9) |
19.6 (67.3) |
23.1 (73.6) |
23.1 (73.6) |
19.3 (66.7) |
13.4 (56.1) |
8.1 (46.6) |
2.8 (37.0) |
11.4 (52.5) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −4.1 (24.6) |
−3.6 (25.5) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
4.9 (40.8) |
10.1 (50.2) |
15.2 (59.4) |
18.8 (65.8) |
19.1 (66.4) |
15.5 (59.9) |
9.9 (49.8) |
4.8 (40.6) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
7.5 (45.5) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −8.2 (17.2) |
−7.5 (18.5) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
1.0 (33.8) |
5.8 (42.4) |
10.7 (51.3) |
14.4 (57.9) |
15.1 (59.2) |
11.8 (53.2) |
6.4 (43.5) |
1.5 (34.7) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
3.6 (38.5) |
Record low °C (°F) | −27.2 (−17.0) |
−29.4 (−20.9) |
−23.3 (−9.9) |
−13.9 (7.0) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
0.0 (32.0) |
4.4 (39.9) |
3.9 (39.0) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
−15.6 (3.9) |
−25.6 (−14.1) |
−29.4 (−20.9) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 139.7 (5.50) |
110.1 (4.33) |
132.5 (5.22) |
118.3 (4.66) |
119.1 (4.69) |
111.8 (4.40) |
110.3 (4.34) |
96.4 (3.80) |
108.9 (4.29) |
124.3 (4.89) |
151.4 (5.96) |
145.1 (5.71) |
1,468.1 (57.80) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 96.7 (3.81) |
75.1 (2.96) |
101.3 (3.99) |
111.3 (4.38) |
118.4 (4.66) |
111.8 (4.40) |
110.3 (4.34) |
96.4 (3.80) |
108.9 (4.29) |
124.1 (4.89) |
143.6 (5.65) |
115.9 (4.56) |
1,313.9 (51.73) |
Average snowfall cm (inches) | 43.1 (17.0) |
35.0 (13.8) |
31.2 (12.3) |
7.0 (2.8) |
0.8 (0.3) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.1 (0.0) |
7.8 (3.1) |
29.2 (11.5) |
154.2 (60.7) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 13.8 | 11.6 | 13.1 | 15.2 | 15.8 | 13.6 | 12.1 | 11.1 | 11.7 | 14.1 | 15.3 | 14.5 | 161.8 |
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 8.5 | 6.5 | 10.2 | 14.1 | 15.7 | 13.6 | 12.1 | 11.1 | 11.7 | 14.1 | 14.5 | 10.8 | 142.7 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 6.8 | 6.1 | 4.1 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.2 | 5.2 | 25.3 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 109.5 | 127.2 | 142.8 | 156.6 | 193.3 | 220.7 | 235.2 | 226.6 | 180.5 | 157.8 | 107.4 | 105.2 | 1,962.5 |
Percent possible sunshine | 38.2 | 43.3 | 38.7 | 38.8 | 42.1 | 47.5 | 49.9 | 52.1 | 47.9 | 46.2 | 37.2 | 38.2 | 43.3 |
Average ultraviolet index | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
Source 1: Environment and Climate Change Canada (Sunshine data recorded at CFB Shearwater)[25][26][27][28][29][30][31] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Nova Scotian Institute of Science[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] and Weather Atlas[40] |
Climate data for Halifax (Halifax Stanfield International Airport) WMO ID: 71395; coordinates 44°52′48″N 63°30′00″W / 44.88000°N 63.50000°W; elevation: 145.4 m (477 ft); 1981−2010 normals, extremes 1953−present | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high humidex | 18.4 | 18.3 | 27.7 | 32.1 | 36.0 | 40.2 | 42.4 | 41.9 | 42.1 | 31.9 | 25.4 | 20.4 | 42.4 |
Record high °C (°F) | 14.8 (58.6) |
17.5 (63.5) |
27.2 (81.0) |
29.5 (85.1) |
32.8 (91.0) |
33.4 (92.1) |
33.9 (93.0) |
35.0 (95.0) |
34.2 (93.6) |
25.8 (78.4) |
19.4 (66.9) |
16.3 (61.3) |
35.0 (95.0) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −1.3 (29.7) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
3.1 (37.6) |
9.1 (48.4) |
15.3 (59.5) |
20.4 (68.7) |
23.8 (74.8) |
23.6 (74.5) |
19.4 (66.9) |
13.1 (55.6) |
7.3 (45.1) |
1.7 (35.1) |
11.3 (52.3) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −5.9 (21.4) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
4.4 (39.9) |
10.0 (50.0) |
15.1 (59.2) |
18.8 (65.8) |
18.7 (65.7) |
14.6 (58.3) |
8.7 (47.7) |
3.5 (38.3) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
6.6 (43.9) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −10.4 (13.3) |
−9.7 (14.5) |
−5.7 (21.7) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
4.6 (40.3) |
9.7 (49.5) |
13.7 (56.7) |
13.7 (56.7) |
9.7 (49.5) |
4.2 (39.6) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
−6.4 (20.5) |
1.9 (35.4) |
Record low °C (°F) | −28.5 (−19.3) |
−27.3 (−17.1) |
−22.4 (−8.3) |
−12.8 (9.0) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
0.6 (33.1) |
6.1 (43.0) |
4.4 (39.9) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
−13.1 (8.4) |
−23.3 (−9.9) |
−28.5 (−19.3) |
Record low wind chill | −40.4 | −41.1 | −33.9 | −24.4 | −10.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | −3.0 | −10.1 | −23.9 | −35.6 | −41.1 |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 134.3 (5.29) |
105.8 (4.17) |
120.1 (4.73) |
114.5 (4.51) |
111.9 (4.41) |
96.2 (3.79) |
95.5 (3.76) |
93.5 (3.68) |
102.0 (4.02) |
124.9 (4.92) |
154.2 (6.07) |
143.3 (5.64) |
1,396.2 (54.97) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 83.5 (3.29) |
65.0 (2.56) |
86.9 (3.42) |
98.2 (3.87) |
109.8 (4.32) |
96.2 (3.79) |
95.5 (3.76) |
93.5 (3.68) |
102.0 (4.02) |
124.6 (4.91) |
139.1 (5.48) |
101.8 (4.01) |
1,196.1 (47.09) |
Average snowfall cm (inches) | 58 (23) |
45 (18) |
37 (15) |
16 (6.3) |
2 (0.8) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
17 (6.7) |
45 (18) |
221 (87) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 18.7 | 15.2 | 15.1 | 14.8 | 13.7 | 12.9 | 11.3 | 11.0 | 10.2 | 12.1 | 15.1 | 17.4 | 167.4 |
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 8.0 | 6.1 | 8.6 | 12.1 | 13.5 | 12.9 | 11.3 | 11.0 | 10.2 | 12.1 | 12.8 | 9.8 | 128.4 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 14.6 | 12.0 | 9.6 | 5.2 | 0.61 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.14 | 3.9 | 11.7 | 57.7 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
73.0 | 67.4 | 64.5 | 62.9 | 61.9 | 62.6 | 63.0 | 62.9 | 64.4 | 66.9 | 73.2 | 75.5 | 66.5 |
Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada[41] |
Metropolitan landscape
As of the
The metropolitan area grew between the
Municipal landscape
This section needs additional citations for verification. (March 2018) |
Halifax has two distinct areas: its rural area and its urban area. Since 1 April 1996, the entirety of the County of Halifax and all of its places (cities, suburbs, towns, and villages) were turned into communities of a larger single-tier municipality called Halifax Regional Municipality. As of 2021, the total surface area of the municipality is 5,475.57 km2 (2,114.13 sq mi).[2]
The Halifax Regional Municipality occupies an area comparable in size to the total land area of the province of Prince Edward Island, and measures approximately 165 km (103 mi) in length between its eastern and westernmost extremities, excluding Sable Island. The nearest point of land to Sable Island is not in HRM, but rather in adjacent Guysborough County. However, Sable Island is considered part of District 7 of the Halifax Regional Council.
The coastline is heavily indented, accounting for its length of approximately 400 km (250 mi), with the northern boundary of the municipality usually being between 50 and 60 km (31 and 37 mi) inland. The coast is mostly rock with small isolated sand beaches in sheltered bays. The largest coastal features include
Regional Centre
The Halifax Regional Centre includes the
Communities and neighbourhoods
Halifax is geographically large, and there are over 200 official communities and neighbourhoods within the municipality. They vary from rural to urban. The former
Before the
Community planning areas
Currently, the municipality is divided into 21 community planning areas which are further divided into neighbourhoods.[48] The regional municipality has taken steps to reduce duplicate street names for its 9-1-1 emergency dispatch services; at the time of amalgamation, some street names were duplicated several times throughout the municipality.[49]
Current planning areas:
- Beaver Bank, Hammonds Plains, and Upper Sackville
- Bedford
- Cole Harbour/Westphal
- Dartmouth
- Eastern Passage/Cow Bay
- Eastern Shore (East)
- Eastern Shore (West)
- Downtown Halifax
- Halifax
- Lawrencetown
- Musquodoboit Valley/Dutch Settlement
- North Preston, Lake Major, Lake Loon, Cherry Brook, and East Preston
- Planning Districts 1 & 3 (St. Margaret's Bay)
- Planning District 4 (Prospect)
- Planning District 5 (Chebucto Peninsula)
- Planning Districts 8 & 9 (Lake Echo/Porters Lake)
- Planning Districts 14 & 17 (Shubenacadie Lakes)
- Regional Centre Plan Area
- Sackville
- Sackville Drive
- Timberlea/Lakeside/Beechville
Rural landscape
Halifax is centred on the urban core and surrounded by areas of decreasing population density. Rural areas lie to the east, west and north of the urban core. The
Farther away, rural communities in the municipality function like any resource-based area in Nova Scotia, being sparsely populated and their local economies based on four major resource industries:
The northeastern area of the municipality, centred on
Urban landscape
At 23,829 hectares (238.29 km2), Halifax's urban area (defined as population centre by Statistics Canada) is less than five percent of the municipal land area.[57] The area surrounds Halifax Harbour and its main centres are Bedford, Dartmouth, and Halifax (and their respective environs).
Between the
Culture
This section needs additional citations for verification. (May 2022) |
Halifax is a major cultural centre within the Atlantic provinces. The municipality has maintained many of its maritime and military traditions, while opening itself to a growing multicultural population. The municipality's urban core also benefits from a large population of post-secondary students who strongly influence the local cultural scene. Halifax has a number of art galleries, theatres and museums, as well as most of the region's national-quality sports and entertainment facilities. Halifax is also the home to many of the region's major cultural attractions, such as Halifax Pop Explosion, Symphony Nova Scotia, the Art Gallery of Nova Scotia, The Khyber, the Maritime Museum of the Atlantic and the Neptune Theatre. The region is noted for the strength of its music scene and nightlife, especially within the urban communities. See List of musical groups from Halifax, Nova Scotia for a partial list.
Halifax hosts a wide variety of festivals that take place throughout the year, including; the largest Canada Day celebration east of Ottawa, the
Halifax is home to many performance venues, namely the Music Room, the
Halifax has also become a significant film production centre, with many American and Canadian filmmakers using the streetscapes, often to stand in for other cities that are more expensive to work in. The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation has its Atlantic Canada production centres (radio and television) based in Halifax, and quite a number of radio and television programs are made in the region for national broadcast. In 2020, filming began on the series Pub Crawl, which explores the historically significant bars of Halifax.[59]
The new
Architecture
Halifax's urban core is home to a number of regional landmark buildings and retains significant historic buildings and districts. Downtown office towers are overlooked by the fortress of Citadel Hill with its iconic Halifax Town Clock.
The architecture of Halifax's South End is renowned for its grand Victorian houses while the West End and North End, Halifax have many blocks of well-preserved wooden residential houses with notable features such as the "Halifax Porch". Dalhousie University's campus is often featured in films and documentaries. Surrounding areas of the municipality, including Dartmouth and Bedford, also possess their share of historic neighbourhoods and properties.
The urban core is home to several blocks of typical North American high-rise office buildings; however, segments of the downtown are governed by height restrictions, known as "view planes legislation", which prevent buildings from obstructing certain sight lines between Citadel Hill and the Halifax Harbour. This has resulted in some modern high rises being built at unusual angles or locations.
Public spaces
The Halifax area has a variety of public spaces, ranging from urban gardens, public squares, expansive forested parks, and historic sites. The original grid plan devised when Halifax was founded in 1749 included a central
The Halifax Common, granted for the use of citizens in 1763, is Canada's oldest public park.[60] Centrally located on the Halifax peninsula, the wide fields are a popular location for sports. The slopes of Citadel Hill, overlooking downtown, are favoured by sunbathers and kite-flyers. The Halifax Public Gardens, a short walk away, are Victorian era public gardens formally established in 1867 and designated a National Historic Site in 1984. Victoria Park, across the street, contains various monuments and statues erected by the North British Society, as well as a fountain. In contrast to the urban parks, the expansive Point Pleasant Park at the southern tip of the peninsula is heavily forested and contains the remains of numerous British fortifications.
Located on the opposite side of the harbour, the Dartmouth Commons is a large park next to Downtown Dartmouth laid out in the 1700s. It is home to the Leighton Dillman gardens and various sports grounds. Nearby, the Dartmouth waterfront trail stretches from Downtown Dartmouth to Woodside. Among residents of central Dartmouth, the area around Sullivan's Pond and Lake Banook is popular for strolling and paddling. The forested Shubie Park, through which the historic Shubenacadie Canal runs, is a major park in suburban Dartmouth.
Mainland Halifax is home to several significant parks, including Sir Sandford Fleming Park, gifted to the people of Halifax by Sir Sandford Fleming. It houses the Dingle Tower, dedicated in 1912 by the Duke of Connaught to commemorate 150 years of representative government in Nova Scotia. The Mainland Common, in Clayton Park, is a modern park home to various sports and community facilities. Long Lake Provincial Park, comprising more than 2,000 hectares, was designated in 1984 and affords Halifax residents access to a scenic wilderness in close proximity to the urban communities.[61]
Tourism
Halifax's tourism industry showcases Nova Scotia's culture, scenery and coastline. There are several museums and art galleries in downtown Halifax. The
Halifax has numerous
The waterfront in Downtown Halifax is the site of the
Downtown Halifax, home to many small shops and vendors, is a major shopping area. It is also home to several shopping centres, including
Cruise ships visit the province frequently. In 2015, the Port of Halifax welcomed 141 vessel calls with 222,309 passengers.[65]
Media
Halifax is the Atlantic region's central point for radio broadcast and press media. CBC Television, CTV Television Network (CTV), and Global Television Network and other broadcasters all have important regional television concentrators in the municipality. CBC Radio has a major regional studio and there are also regional hubs for Rogers Radio and various private broadcast franchises, as well as a regional bureau for The Canadian Press/Broadcast News.
Halifax's print media is centred on its single daily newspaper, the broadsheet Chronicle Herald as well as two free newspapers, the daily commuter-oriented edition of Metro International and the free alternative arts weekly The Coast.
Halifax has several online daily newspapers. allNovaScotia is a daily, subscriber-only outlet which focuses on business and political news from across the province.[66] CityNews Halifax, associated with the CJNI-FM radio station, was created from a merger of the former News 95.7 and HalifaxToday (previously Local Xpress) news websites. The Halifax Examiner was founded by the former news editor of The Coast in 2014 and, like allNovaScotia, is supported through subscriptions.
From 1974 to 2008, Halifax had a second daily newspaper, the tabloid The Daily News, which still publishes several neighbourhood weekly papers such as The Bedford-Sackville Weekly News, The Halifax West-Clayton Park Weekly News and the Dartmouth-Cole Harbour Weekly News. These weekly papers compete with The Chronicle-Herald's weekly Community Heralds HRM West, HRM East, and HRM North.
Sports
Halifax is represented by two professional sports teams, with teams in the National Lacrosse League (NLL) and Canadian Premier League (CPL). Also, Halifax has a semi-professional sports team in the Quebec Maritimes Junior Hockey League (QMJHL), which is part of the Canadian Hockey League (CHL).
The city is also home to four universities that have athletic programmes.
The city's major sports venues include the Scotiabank Centre (formerly the Metro Centre[67]), the Halifax Forum, the Wanderers Grounds and various university sports facilities, such as Huskies Stadium.
Professional and semi-professional sports
Halifax is home to the
The Halifax Thunderbirds is the city's National Lacrosse League team. Relocated in September 2018 from Rochester,[71] the Thunderbirds are Halifax's newest professional team. Unfortunately on March 12, 2020, during their inaugural year, the season was cut short due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[72] Although the team didn't have the chance to finish their season, they were awarded two league awards: Defensive Player of the Year and Executive of the Year.[73] After the 2020-2021 season was fully canceled,[74] the team returned for their 2021-2022 season which they reached their first playoffs, where they were defeated by the Toronto Rock 14-13 in overtime[75] in the conference semi-final.
Halifax's second professional sports team are the
Club | League | Sport | Venue | Established | Championships |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Halifax Mooseheads | QMJHL
|
Major Junior Hockey | Scotiabank Centre | 1994 | 1 (last in 2013) |
Halifax Thunderbirds | NLL | Box Lacrosse
|
Scotiabank Centre | 2019 | 0 |
HFX Wanderers FC | CPL | Soccer | Wanderers Grounds | 2018 | 0 |
Former professional teams
The city had a team in the National Basketball League of Canada (NBL Canada) called the Halifax Hurricanes. The team succeeded the Halifax Rainmen who had previously played in the American Basketball Association and Premier Basketball League before joining the NBL Canada and later declaring bankruptcy in July 2015. [78] The Hurricanes won the NBL Canada championship in their inaugural season. Unfortunately the Hurricanes have since ceased operations, and as of November 2021,[79] the team has left the NBL Canada.
Between 1971 and 1993, Halifax was home to three separate teams in the American Hockey League. The Nova Scotia Voyageurs (Montreal Canadiens affiliate), the Nova Scotia Oilers (Edmonton Oilers affiliate) and finally, the Halifax Citadels (Quebec Nordiques affiliate). They played from 1971 to 1984, 1984 to 1988, and 1988 to 1993, respectively.
The Halifax Crescents, an amateur and later, professional ice hockey team challenged for the Stanley Cup in 1900 but lost to the Montreal Shamrocks.
University sports
Halifax is home to seven degree-granting
Dalhousie University's varsity team goes by the moniker Tigers. They have teams for basketball, hockey, soccer, swimming, track and field, cross country running, and volleyball. The Tigers garnered a number of championships in the first decade of the 20th century, winning 63 AUS championships and two U Sports championships.[80]
Halifax's other U Sports university, located in close proximity to Dalhousie University, is Saint Mary's University with the moniker of the Huskies. Known for their football programme, the Huskies play at Huskies Stadium and won back-to-back Canadian University Football Championships (2001 & 2002), only the third university to do so.[81] Huskies Stadium was used on June 11, 2005 and again on July 29, 2023 to host an exhibition game of the Canadian Football League called Touchdown Atlantic. The games were played between the Hamilton Tiger-Cats and the Toronto Argonauts and the Saskatchewan Roughriders and Toronto Argonauts, respectively.
Finally, two of Halifax's smaller universities are part of the Canadian Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). Mount Saint Vincent University, home to the Mystics, competes in the Atlantic Collegiate Athletic Association (ACAA), a member of the CCAA, in Women's & Men's Basketball, Women's & Men's Soccer, Cross Country and Women's Volleyball.[82] The Mystics hold a championship titles in all sports, making them the most acclaimed team of the ACAA division. University of King's College is also a member of the ACAA. The varsity athletics teams at the University of King's College are named the Blue Devils.[83] Sporting teams include men's and women's basketball, soccer, badminton and rugby, and women's volleyball.[84]
From 1984 to 2007, the region was home to the
, from 2008 to 2010 and returned to Halifax in 2011 and 2012.Events
Over the past several decades, Halifax has hosted many major sporting events, including the following:
- 1999 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships
- 2003 World Junior Ice Hockey Championship
- 2003 Nokia Brier
- 2004 Women's World Ice Hockey Championships
- 2005 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials
- 2007 World Indoor Lacrosse Championship
- 2008 IIHF World Championship (Co-hosted with Quebec City)
- 2011 Canada Winter Games
- 2020 IIHF Women's World Ice Hockey Championships (Co-hosted with Truro, Nova Scotia) Although, the tournament was cancelled due to COVID-19.
- 2023 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships (Co-hosted with Moncton, New Brunswick)
- 2023 North American Indigenous Games
Halifax was selected in 2006 as the host municipality in Canada's bid for the 2014 Commonwealth Games but withdrew on March 8, 2007, citing ballooning costs from final estimates of $1.7 billion up from $785 million.[85]
Amateur and club sports
Halifax is also home to several rugby clubs; the Dartmouth PigDogs, the Eastern Shore Rugby Football Club, the Halifax Rugby Football Club, the Halifax Tars, and the Riverlake Ramblers. The Halifax Gaels are the local
Halifax has various recreational areas, including ocean and lake beaches and rural and urban parks. It has a host of organized community intramural sports at various facilities. Public schools and post-secondary institutions offer varsity and intramural sports.
Demographics
Halifax CMA
At the
Halifax Regional Municipality
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1851 | 39,914 | — |
1861 | 49,021 | +22.8% |
1871 | 56,963 | +16.2% |
1881 | 67,917 | +19.2% |
1891 | 71,358 | +5.1% |
1901 | 74,662 | +4.6% |
2021 | 439,819 | +9.1% |
Prior to 1996, the figures are for Halifax County. From 1996 onwards, the figures are for Halifax Regional Municipality. Source: Statistics Canada |
In the
The 2021 census reported that immigrants (individuals born outside Canada) comprise 50,595 persons or 12.6% of the total population of Halifax. Of the total immigrant population, the top countries of origin were United Kingdom (6,345 persons or 12.5%), India (4,785 persons or 9.5%), China (3,740 persons or 7.4%), United States of America (3,545 persons or 7.0%), Philippines (3,415 persons or 6.7%), Syria (2,085 persons or 4.1%), Nigeria (1,625 persons or 3.2%), Lebanon (1,340 persons or 2.6%), South Korea (1,020 persons or 2.0%), and Iran (980 persons or 1.9%).[87]
Ethnicity
Panethnic group |
2021[87] | 2016[88] | 2011[89] | 2006[90] | 2001[91] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |||||
European[b] | 345,735 | 79.43% | 336,375 | 84.65% | 339,705 | 88.39% | 336,395 | 91.1% | 327,325 | 91.98% | ||||
African
|
20,565 | 4.72% | 15,085 | 3.8% | 13,780 | 3.59% | 13,270 | 3.59% | 13,080 | 3.68% | ||||
South Asian | 16,765 | 3.85% | 6,555 | 1.65% | 3,995 | 1.04% | 2,900 | 0.79% | 2,345 | 0.66% | ||||
Indigenous | 16,615 | 3.82% | 15,735 | 3.96% | 9,585 | 2.49% | 5,230 | 1.42% | 3,460 | 0.97% | ||||
East Asian[c] | 12,895 | 2.96% | 8,690 | 2.19% | 5,755 | 1.5% | 4,135 | 1.12% | 3,255 | 0.91% | ||||
Middle Eastern[d] | 11,160 | 2.56% | 8,725 | 2.2% | 6,730 | 1.75% | 4,510 | 1.22% | 3,360 | 0.94% | ||||
Southeast Asian[e] | 6,345 | 1.46% | 3,440 | 0.87% | 2,220 | 0.58% | 1,185 | 0.32% | 1,195 | 0.34% | ||||
Latin American | 2,255 | 0.52% | 1,210 | 0.3% | 1,025 | 0.27% | 695 | 0.19% | 415 | 0.12% | ||||
Other/Multiracial[f] | 2,965 | 0.68% | 1,585 | 0.4% | 1,535 | 0.4% | 960 | 0.26% | 1,440 | 0.4% | ||||
Total responses | 435,290 | 98.97% | 397,395 | 98.58% | 384,330 | 98.52% | 369,265 | 99.08% | 355,870 | 99.1% | ||||
Total population | 439,819 | 100% | 403,131 | 100% | 390,096 | 100% | 372,679 | 100% | 359,111 | 100% | ||||
Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses |
Language
Mother tongue language (2021)[92]
Rank | Language | Population | Pct (%) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | English | 380,140 | 86.43% |
2 | French | 13,920 | 3.16% |
3 | Arabic | 8,595 | 1.95% |
4 | Mandarin | 6,355 | 1.44% |
5 | Punjabi | 3,755 | 0.85% |
6 | Tagalog | 2,930 | 0.66% |
7 | Hindi | 2,485 | 0.56% |
8 | Spanish | 2,295 | 0.52% |
9 | Korean | 2,215 | 0.50% |
10 | Russian | 1,655 | 0.37% |
Religion
- St. Mary's Basilica (Halifax, Nova Scotia)
- The New Horizons Baptist Church
- St. George's (Round) Church,
- United Rockingham Church
- St. Andrew's United Church
- the Ummah Mosque and Community Centre
- the Centre for Islamic Development
- the New Apostolic Church congregation
- the Vedanta Ashram Hindu Temple
- the Atlantic Theravada Buddhist Temple
- The Maritime Sikh Society
- Beth Israel Synagogue
- the Shaar Shalom Synagogue
- and the Universalist Unitarian Church.
Halifax also houses the Atlantic School of Theology for religious studies.
Religion (2021)[92]
Religion | Population | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|
Buddhism | 2,195 | 0.5 |
Christianity | 231,255 | 53.12 |
Hinduism | 6,840 | 1.57 |
Indigenous Spirituality
|
210 | 0.04 |
Irreligion | 173,005 | 39.74 |
Islam | 13,220 | 3.03 |
Judaism
|
1,750 | 0.4 |
Sikhism | 3,495 | 0.8 |
Other religions and spiritual religions | 3,315 | 0.76 |
Halifax urban area
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
2021 | 348,634 | +9.9% |
Before 1996, figures were from Halifax County. After 1996, figures onwards are for Halifax Regional Municipality. Source: [94][95][96][97][98] |
As of 2021, the population centre (urban area) of Halifax housed 348,634 people living in 154,883 of its 162,336 total private dwellings.[3] The human population density of Halifax's population centre was approximately 1,463.1/km2 (3,789.3/sq mi).[3]
Between 2016-and-2021, the urban area (population centre) and municipal areas experienced strong growth. Over that time-frame; the municipality added 36,688 people (an increase of over 9.1%), and the urban area (population centre) added 31,300 people (an increase of over 9.8%).
Economy
The urban area of Halifax is a major economic centre in eastern Canada with a large concentration of government services and private sector companies. Halifax serves as the business, banking, government and cultural centre for the Maritime region. The largest employment sectors within the municipality include trade (36,400 jobs), health care and social assistance (31,800 jobs), professional services (19,000 jobs), education (17,400 jobs), and public administration (15,800 jobs).[99] The Halifax economy is growing, with the Conference Board of Canada predicting strong 3.0% GDP growth for 2015.[99]
Major employers and economic generators include the
Agriculture, fishing, mining, forestry and natural gas extraction are major resource industries found in the rural areas of the municipality. Halifax's largest agricultural district is in the
Other resource industries in Halifax include the natural gas fields off the coast of
Government
The Halifax Regional Municipality is governed by a
The municipality also has four
As the capital of Nova Scotia, Halifax is also the meeting place of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly, the oldest assembly in Canada and the site of the first responsible government in British North America.[106] The legislature meets in Province House, a nearly 200-year-old National Historic Site in downtown Halifax hailed as one of the finest examples of Palladian architecture in North America.[107]
Education
Halifax has a well-developed network of public and private schools, providing instruction from grade primary to grade twelve; 137 public schools are administered by the Halifax Regional Centre for Education, while eight public schools are administered by the Conseil scolaire acadien provincial.[108] The municipality's fourteen private schools are operated independently.
The municipality is a centre for university education in eastern Canada. It is home to the following
Transportation
Air
Halifax Stanfield International Airport serves Halifax and most of the province, providing scheduled flights to domestic and international destinations. The airport served 3,107,425 passengers in 2022, making it Canada's sixth busiest airport by passenger traffic.[109] Shearwater, part of CFB Halifax, is the air base for maritime helicopters employed by the Royal Canadian Navy and is located on the eastern side of Halifax Harbour.
Cycling
In recent years, the municipality has also begun to place increased emphasis on developing bicycling infrastructure. Halifax has developed 100 km (62 mi) of bikeways, 89 km (55 mi) of which are dedicated bicycle lanes.[110]
Road
The urban core is linked by the Angus L. Macdonald and A. Murray MacKay suspension bridges, as well as the network of 100-series highways which function as expressways. The Armdale traffic circle is an infamous choke point for vehicle movement in the western part of the urban core, especially at rush hour.
Public transit
Public transit is provided by
Halifax has the most heavily used public transit system in Atlantic Canada. The city has been adding dedicated and part-time bus lanes along some major road corridors in order to improve the reliability of the system and reduce delays. In addition, a new fast ferry service to Bedford is under planning.
Rail
The Halifax Port Authority's various shipping terminals constitute the eastern terminus of
Water
Sister cities
- Campeche, Mexico (1999). Campeche was chosen because, like Halifax, it is "a capital of a state" and is "a city of similar size to Halifax on or near the coast having rich historical tradition".[114]
- Norfolk, Virginia, United States (2006). Norfolk was chosen because, like Halifax, its economy "depends heavily on the presence of the Armed Forces, and both cities are very proud of their military history".[115]
- Portsmouth, England (2023). Halifax and Portsmouth signed a sister city agreement in early 2023. They chose to twin as both cities are historic naval and shipbuilding centres. Additionally, both cities are centres for university education.[116][117]
Notable Haligonians
See also
- Halifax (federal electoral district), a federal electoral district since Confederation
- Halifax Regional Search and Rescue
- Halifax West, a federal electoral district since 1979
- List of municipalities in Nova Scotia
Notes
- ^ Based on station coordinates provided by Environment Canada and documentation from the Nova Scotian Institute of Science, weather data was collected in West End, Halifax from January 1863 to July 1933, at Citadel Hill from August 1933 to August 1939, at Downtown Halifax from September 1939 to July 1974, at Citadel Hill from August 1974 to January 2002 and at CFB Halifax (Windsor Park and Halifax Dockyard) from September 2004 to present.
- ^ Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
- ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
- ^ Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
- ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
- ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.
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Further reading
- ISBN 978-1895900934.
- Parker, Mike (2009). Fortress Halifax: Portrait of a Garrison Town. Nimbus Publishing. ISBN 9781551094946.
- Poole, Stephen (2012). Halifax: Discovering Its Heritage. Formac Publishing Company Limited. ISBN 9781459500525.
- Soucoup, Dan (2014). A Short History of Halifax. Nimbus Publishing. ISBN 9781771081849.
- Tattrie, Jon (2013). Cornwallis: The Violent Birth of Halifax. Pottersfield Press. ISBN 9781897426487.