Halliburton
Dubai, UAE | |
Area served | Worldwide |
---|---|
Key people | Jeff Miller (President, CEO and Chairman of the Board) |
Revenue | US$23.02 billion (2023) |
US$4.083 billion (2023) | |
US$2.662 billion (2023) | |
Total assets | US$24.68 billion (2023) |
Total equity | US$9.433 billion (2023) |
Number of employees | 48,000 (2023) |
Website | Halliburton.com |
Footnotes / references [1][2][3][4][5] |
Halliburton Company is an American multinational corporation and the world's second largest oil service company which is responsible for most of the world's largest fracking operations.[6] It employs approximately 55,000 people through its hundreds of subsidiaries, affiliates, branches, brands, and divisions in more than 70 countries.[7][8] The company, though incorporated in the United States, has dual headquarters located in Houston and in Dubai.[9][10][11]
Halliburton's major business segment is the Energy Services Group (ESG).
The company has been criticized for its involvement in numerous controversies, including its involvement with
KBR, one of Halliburton's subsidiaries at the time, paid bribes to high-ranking Nigerian officials between 1994 and 2004. Under a deal reached with the U.S. Justice Department, Halliburton has agreed to pay $382 million to settle the bribery case.[13]
In 2015, Halliburton was found guilty in court for illegal retaliation against a
The company has also been criticized for refusing to comply with EPA requests for transparency around chemicals it uses in hydraulic fracturing.[16]
Jeff Miller was promoted to President of Halliburton on August 1, 2014, and CEO on June 1, 2017, replacing Dave Lesar.[17]
Business overview
Locations
The company has dual headquarters located in Houston and in Dubai, but it remains incorporated in the United States.[9][10][11]
Divisions
Energy services (the company's historical cornerstone),
With the acquisition of
As a result of the asbestos-related costs and staggering losses on the Barracuda Caratinga FPSO construction project based in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Halliburton lost approximately $900 million
At a meeting for investors and analysts in August 2004, a plan was outlined to divest the KBR division through a possible sale, spin-off or initial public offering. Analysts at Deutsche Bank valued KBR at up to $2.15 billion, while others believed it could be worth closer to $3 billion by 2005. KBR became a separately listed company on April 5, 2007.[12]
History
Early history (as HOWCO)
The company was started in 1919[20] by Erle P. Halliburton as the New Method Oil Well Cementing Company.[citation needed]
In 1920, he brought a wild gas well under control, using cement, for W.G. Skelly, near
In 1924, the company was incorporated in Delaware, with 56 people on its payroll. The stock of the corporation was owned by Erle and Vida Halliburton and by seven major oil companies: Magnolia, Texas, Gulf, Humble, Sun, Pure and Atlantic.[23]
In 1926, its first foreign venture began with sale of equipment to
Throughout the 1930s and 1940s, Halliburton continued cementing across America.[22][25] In 1938, Halliburton cemented its first offshore well using a truck on a barge off the Louisiana coast.[24] In 1940, Halliburton opened offices in Venezuela and introduced bulk handling of cementing to the industry.[23] In 1947, the Halliburton first marine cementing vessel went into service.[21]
In 1951, Halliburton first appeared in Europe as Halliburton Italiana SpA, a wholly owned subsidiary in Italy. Over the next seven years, Halliburton launched Halliburton Company Germany GmbH, set up operations in Argentina and established a subsidiary in England. By 1951, HOWCO had service centers operating in Canada, Venezuela, Peru, Colombia, Saudi Arabia and Indonesia.[22] Halliburton revenues topped $100 million for the first time in 1952.[22]
Erle P. Halliburton died in Los Angeles in 1957. HOWCO is at this time worth $190 million with camps all over the world. The same year, HOWCO purchased Welex, which pioneered jet perforation.[22] Otis Engineering, an oil field service and equipment company specializing in manufacturing pressure control equipment for oil and gas producing wells, was acquired in 1959.[22]
As Halliburton
On July 5, 1961, the company changed its name to the Halliburton Company. In 1963, Halliburton was the first company in Oklahoma to receive the Presidential "E" for Export flag in recognition of notable contributions to foreign trade.[22]
Halliburton opened a 500,000 sq ft (46,000 m2) manufacturing center in Duncan, Oklahoma, in 1964.[22] The company began to experiment with new technologies to help their services – for example, beginning in 1965 a pilot operation of a computer network system – the first such installation in the oilfield services industry.[22] In 1966, workers broke ground for a new wing at the Research Center in Duncan that tripled the available space for the Chemical Research and Design Department.[22]
In 1968, an automated mixing system for drilling mud was developed by Halliburton, primarily for use offshore.[22] Gearhart Industries (acquired by Halliburton Energy Services in 1989) introduced the first digital computer logging system in 1974.[22]
In 1969, Halliburton began construction of a base camp at
In 1975, it responded to environmental concerns by working with the nonprofit Clean Gulf Associates to contain and clean up oil spills.[22] In 1976, Halliburton established the Halliburton Energy Institute in Duncan, Oklahoma, to provide an industry forum for disseminating technical information.[22]
In 1980, Halliburton Research Center opened in Duncan, Oklahoma.[22] The company's billionth sack of cement for customers was pumped in 1983.[22] In 1989, Halliburton acquired logging and perforating specialist company Gearhart Industries and combined it with its subsidiary Welex to form Halliburton Logging Services.
Throughout the 1980s, Halliburton's subsidiaries continued their projects around the world (under management of former CEO Brian Darcy) even in countries once considered enemies. Equipment was provided for the first multiwell platform offshore China, and an Otis Engineering team controlled a gigantic Tengiz field blowout in the Soviet Union.[22]
1990s
Following the end of
In 1995, Cheney replaced
In the early 1990s, Halliburton was found to be in violation of federal trade barriers in Iraq and Libya, having sold these countries
During the Balkans conflict in the 1990s, Kellogg Brown-Root (KBR) supported U.S. peacekeeping forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Hungary with food, laundry, transportation, and other life-cycle management services.[30]
In 1998, Halliburton merged with Dresser Industries, which included Kellogg.
2000s
In April 2002, KBR was awarded a $7 million contract to construct steel holding cells at Camp X-Ray.[34]
In November 2002, KBR was tasked to plan oil well firefighting in Iraq, and in February 2003 was issued a contract to conduct the work. Critics contend that it was a
In May 2003, Halliburton revealed in
On January 24, 2006, Halliburton's subsidiary KBR (formerly Kellogg, Brown and Root) announced that it had been awarded a $385 million contingency contract by the
In February 2008, a hard disk and two computers containing classified information were stolen from Petrobras while in Halliburton's custody. Allegedly, the content inside the stolen material was data on the recently discovered Tupi oil field. Initial police inquiries suggest that it could be a common container theft operation. The container was a ramshackle in complete disorder indicating that thieves were after "valuables and not only laptops," said an expert consulted by the daily newspaper Folha de S. Paulo.[42]
In 2008, Halliburton agreed to outsource its mission-critical information technology infrastructure to a
On May 14, 2010, President Barack Obama said in an interview with CNN that "you had executives of BP and Transocean and Halliburton falling over each other to point the finger of blame at somebody else" when referring to the congressional hearings held during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. "The American people could not have been impressed with that display, and I certainly wasn't." According to Tim Probert, executive vice president of Halliburton, "Halliburton, as a service provider to the well owner, is contractually bound to comply with the well owner's instructions".[44]
It was anticipated that Halliburton's $2.5 billion "Restore Iraqi Oil" (RIO) contract
Proposed acquisition of Baker Hughes
On November 17, 2014, Halliburton and Baker Hughes jointly announced a definitive agreement under which Halliburton will, subject to the conditions set forth in the agreement, acquire Baker Hughes in a stock and cash transaction valued at $34.6 billion. A press release made available on the former's website, as at December 11, 2014 detailed the restructuring in the integration to follow. The firm announced it would acquire Baker Hughes for around $35 billion in cash and stock, creating an oilfield services company that aims to compete with Schlumberger.[47] Prior to the merger of Baker Hughes and Halliburton, Halliburton must divest over $5 billion of its assets according to the regulations created by US competition enforcement authorities.[48] The merger had a deadline of the end of April 2016 after which, if a decision had not been made, both companies could walk away from the deal if they chose. At the beginning of May 2016, the day after the deadline expired, Halliburton and Baker Hughes announced the termination of the merger agreement.[49][50]
Chemical plant in Saudi Arabia
On March 1, 2022, Halliburton inaugurated its MultiChem facility in Jubail PlasChem Park, which will make Saudi Arabia an exporter of specialty products from an importer of specialty products.[51]
Controversies and criticism
Iraq War
Halliburton has become the object of several controversies involving the Iraq War and the company's ties to former U.S. Vice President Dick Cheney. Cheney retired from the company during the 2000 U.S. presidential election campaign with a severance package worth $36 million.[52] As of 2004, he had received $398,548 in deferred compensation from Halliburton while Vice President.[53] Cheney was chairman and CEO of Halliburton Company from 1995 to 2000 and has received stock options from Halliburton.[54]
In the run-up to the Iraq War, Halliburton
In one of Greenhouse's claims, she said that military auditors caught Halliburton overcharging the Pentagon for fuel deliveries into Iraq. She also complained that Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld's office took control of every aspect of Halliburton's $7 billion Iraqi oil/infrastructure contract. Greenhouse was later demoted for poor performance in her position.[56] Greenhouse's attorney, Michael Kohn portrayed her performance reviews as punishment for criticizing the administrations, he stated in The New York Times that "she is being demoted because of her strict adherence to procurement requirements and the Army's preference to sidestep them when it suits their needs."[57]
Deepwater Horizon explosion
An internal report released in 2010 by BP into the Deepwater Horizon explosion claimed that poor practices of Halliburton staff had contributed to the disaster. Investigations carried out by the National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling found that Halliburton was jointly at fault along with BP and Transocean for the spill. The cement that Halliburton used was an unstable mixture, and eventually caused hydrocarbons to leak into the well, causing the explosion that started the crisis.[58]
Halliburton pleaded guilty to destroying evidence after the April 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster; the company destroyed computer simulations it performed in the months after the accident, simulations that contradicted Halliburton's claim that it was BP who had not followed Halliburton's advice. BP had employed Halliburton to oversee the process by which cement is used to seal casing in oil and gas wells, thereby preventing leaks. Government investigators had ordered companies involved in drilling the well to preserve all relevant evidence.[59]
Allegations of corruption in Nigeria
In early December 2010, the
The
Environmental issues
In 2002, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) reports were completed to measure the amount of chemicals emitted from Halliburton's Harris County, Texas facility. The TRI is a publicly available EPA database that contains information on toxic chemical releases and waste management activities reported annually by certain industries as well as federal facilities. The facility had 230 TRI air releases in 2001 and 245 in 2002.[67]
On June 7, 2006, Halliburton's Farmington, New Mexico facility created a toxic cloud that forced people to evacuate their homes.[68]
Halliburton may also be implicated[69] in the oil spills in the Timor Sea off Australia in August 2009 and in the Gulf of Mexico in April 2010 for improper cementing. Halliburton staff were employed on the Transocean operated Deepwater Horizon oil rig in the Mexican Gulf. Halliburton staff completed cementation of the final production well 20 hours prior to the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig explosion, but had not yet set the final.[70]
In July 2013, Halliburton Co agreed to plead guilty to charges that it destroyed evidence relating to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill. This incurred a $200,000 fine; the firm also agreed to three years of probation and to continue cooperating with the criminal probe into the spill.[71] In September 2014, the company agreed to pay $1.1 billion in damages to settle the majority of claims against it relating to the explosion, removing the uncertainty which had hung over the company for the previous four years
Jamie Leigh Jones incident
Jamie Leigh Jones testified at a Congressional hearing that she had been gang-raped by as many as seven co-workers in Iraq in 2005 when she was an employee of KBR, and then falsely imprisoned in a shipping container for 24 hours without food or drink.[72][73] KBR was a subsidiary of Halliburton at the time. Jones and her lawyers said that 38 women have contacted her reporting similar experiences while working as contractors in Iraq, Kuwait, and other countries. On September 15, 2009, the fifth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled in favor of Halliburton, in a 2 to 1 ruling, and found that her alleged injuries were not, in fact, in any way related to her employment and thus, not covered by the contract. This decision effectively meant that the mandatory arbitration clause in her contract did not apply.[73]
These incidents have tainted the public perception of Halliburton, with a consumer study rating it as the fifth least reputable company in America.[74]
Sale of KBR
On April 15, 2006, Halliburton filed a registration statement with the
In November 2006, Halliburton began selling its stake in KBR, its major subsidiary, and by February 2007 had completely sold off the subsidiary. In June 2007, several days after Stewart Bowen, the Special Inspector General, released a new report, the Army announced that KBR would share another $150 billion contract with two other contractors,
Baghdad incident
In accordance with the
Restatements
On March 31, 2003, Management at Halliburton restated earnings downward by $14 million for the fourth quarter of 2002. In the restatement, an additional $3 million expense (net of tax) to continuing operations and an $11 million expense, net of tax, to discontinued operations were recorded.[80] On March 2, 2005, Halliburton restated its 2004 fourth-quarter earnings to add $2 million US in after-tax losses to reflect the collection of a $10 million receivable that had been reserved and a correction in lease accounting.
Health impacts
Halliburton has been criticized for its impacts on public health and the environment, most notably with the passing of the
In 2020, it was reported that out of nine companies the EPA has asked full disclosure from with regards to the chemicals used in gas drilling, Halliburton was the only one that refused to comply.[84][16]
Illegal retaliation against whistleblower
In 2015, after a decade-long legal battle, Halliburton was declared guilty for illegally retaliating against
Corporate affairs
Headquarters
Halliburton's headquarters (North Belt Campus) are located in northern Houston, Texas, near George H.W. Bush Intercontinental Airport.[85][86]
Halliburton was headquartered in
Halliburton planned to move its headquarters to Houston in 2002.
In 2009 Halliburton announced that it planned to move its headquarters to the North Belt Campus in Houston. In addition it planned to consolidate operations at its Westchase and North Belt Campus.[92] The move occurred in 2009.[85] The 90 acres (36 ha) North Belt complex was to house 2,500 employees. Halliburton planned to add a research and development facility with laboratories, a new cafeteria, a childcare center, two additional parking garages, and fitness and wellness centers for employees.[86] The plans for the North Belt Campus had been delayed by one year, and Halliburton expects[when?] completion in 2013. The construction of the North Belt administration building is scheduled[when?] to begin in late 2010.[93]
According to Marilyn Bayless, the president of the North Houston Greenspoint Chamber of Commerce, in 2003 Halliburton had planned to move operations out of the North Belt office because other area school districts offered the freeport tax exemptions while the Aldine Independent School District (AISD), where the North Belt office is located, did not. In order to attract businesses, in May 2003, AISD began offering the same tax exemption as other jurisdictions. Subsequently, Halliburton retained the North Belt office.[94]
See also
- List of oilfield service companies
- Private military contractor
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- Houston Business Journal. Friday June 20, 2003. Retrieved on April 5, 2010.
Further reading
- Briody, Dan (2004). The Halliburton Agenda: The Politics of Oil and Money. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-63860-9.
External links
- Official website
- Halliburton Oil Well Cementing Company records are archived at the American Heritage Center, University of Wyoming.
- Business data for Halliburton: