Salzkammergut
47°42′N 13°35′E / 47.700°N 13.583°E
The Salzkammergut (Austrian German: [ˈsaltskamɐɣuːt]; German: [ˈzaltskamɐɡuːt] ⓘ; Central Austro-Bavarian: Soizkaumaguad) is a resort area in Austria, stretching from the city of Salzburg eastwards along the Alpine Foreland and the Northern Limestone Alps to the peaks of the Dachstein Mountains. The main river of the region is the Traun, a right tributary of the Danube.
The name Salzkammergut translates to "salt demesne" (or "salt domain"), Kammergut being a German word for territories held by princes of the Holy Roman Empire, in early modern Austria specifically territories of the Habsburg monarchy. The salt mines of Salzkammergut were administered by the Imperial Salzoberamt in Gmunden from 1745 to 1850.
Parts of the region were designated a
Geography
The lands on the shore of the Traun River comprise numerous glacial lakes and raised bogs, the Salzkammergut Mountains and the adjacent Dachstein Mountains, the Totes Gebirge and the Upper Austrian Prealps with prominent Mt. Traunstein in the east. The towering mountain slopes are characterized by bright limestone (karst) and flysch rocks.
Salzkammergut is not an official administrative division of Austria and as such has no clear borders. The historical term referred not to a region but to specific possessions (salt mines) of the Habsburg monarchy within the region. Since 2002, however, there has been a well-defined Tourismusregion Salzkammergut, marketed by Salzkammergut Tourismus-Marketing GmbH, a company located in Bad Ischl. As defined by this company, Salzkammergut as a tourist region includes 58 municipalities in three Austrian states, the majority within Upper Austria (Gmunden and Vöcklabruck districts), besides smaller portions of Styria and Salzburg. Salzkammergut Tourismus-Marketing GmbH divides the Salzkammergut region into ten sub-regions, as follows:
- Ausseerland: Bad Aussee, Styria
- Ferienregion Wolfgangsee: Wolfgangsee, Salzburg
- Urlaubsregion Fuschlsee: Fuschlsee, Salzburg
- Ferienregion Dachstein Salzkammergut:
- Ferienregion Traunsee: Traunsee, Upper Austria
- Ferienregion Attersee: Attersee, Upper Austria
- MondSeeLand – Mondsee/Irrsee: Mondsee (town), Mondsee, Irrsee, Upper Austria
- Ferienregion Bad Ischl: Bad Ischl, Upper Austria
- Ferienregion Attergau: Attergau, Upper Austria
- Ferienregion Almtal: Almtal, Upper Austria
History
Archaeological findings in the area date back to the
From about 530,
In 1278 King
The Habsburg officials resided at Wildenstein Castle near Ischl and the surrounding estates were designated a Kammergut, as first documented in a 1656 deed.[citation needed] In the 17th century, Ischl and Hallstatt were considered separate Kammergüter.[2] The salt mines were immediate domains of the Habsburg King of the Romans and mining part of his princely regalia. The salt mines were administered by the financial aulic chamber at Vienna, represented by the salt chamber (Salzamt) in Gmunden, established in the 15th century. The Salzkammer in Gmunden was made Salzoberamt by a decree of empress Maria Theresia of 22 May 1745.
The term Salzkammergut dates to this period, during which the Gmunden Salzoberamt was the administrative seat of all salt mines in the region,[3] with subordinate offices at Ischl, Ebensee am Traunsee, Stadl, Lambach, Wels, Zizlau, Enghagen, Mauthausen and Linz.[4] The Salzämter were dissolved in the 19th century. Emperor Franz Joseph I in 1850 transformed the Gmunden Salzoberamt into the k.k. Salinen- und Forstdirektion , the predecessor of the modern Salinen Austria AG (a joint-stock company since 1979, fully privatised in 1997).
Economy
During the time of Emperor
The salt
The
A well-known
Recreational facilities include
Since 2002, the tourism region has marketed itself with the Salzkammergut Tourismus-Marketing
UNESCO World Heritage Site
UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
---|---|
Location | Austria |
Criteria | Cultural: iii, iv |
Reference | 806 |
Inscription | 1997 (21st Session) |
Website | whc |
Coordinates | 47°35′N 13°38′E / 47.583°N 13.633°E |
UNESCO designated "Hallstatt–Dachstein/Salzkammergut Cultural Landscape" (Kulturlandschaft Hallstatt–Dachstein/Salzkammergut) a World Heritage Site in 1997, with the description
- "Human activity in the magnificent natural landscape of the Salzkammergut began in prehistoric times, with the salt deposits being exploited as early as the 2nd millennium B.C. This resource formed the basis of the area's prosperity up to the middle of the 20th century, a prosperity that is reflected in the fine architecture of the town of Hallstatt."[1]
The area designated was defined on an area of 284 square kilometres, with a "buffer zone" of another 200 square kilometres. The core zone includes the towns
The site sits at the core of interdisciplinary research and is helping to contribute to the understanding of socio-ecological systems and how these might help to address future challenges and the role that archaeologists can play in communicating and engaging with climate change and its impacts.[10]
Federal state | core zone | buffer zone |
---|---|---|
Upper Austria | 233.90 km2 | 54.80 km2 |
Styria | 50.55 km2 | 119.62 km2 |
Salzburg | – | 25.71 km2 |
total | 284.46 km2 | 200.13 km2 |
See also
References
- ^ a b c Homepage of the Permanent Delegation to UNESCO in Austria - Description Hallstatt-Dachstein / Salzkammergut Cultural Landscape
- ^ Theodoro Tscherning, Das von den Türken lang gequälte ... Königreich Hungarn (1687), p. 23.-
- ^ Ignaz De Luca Geogprahisches Handbuch (1791), p. 480 names Gmunden as situated on the margin of Salzkammeramt but denies the "erroneous assumption" that Gmunden is part of the Salzkammergut proper. "Die Stadt hat mit dem Salzkammergut nichts anders gemein, als dasz in derselben das Salzoberamt mit den dazu gehörigen Aemtern, als: dem Obersalzversilberamt, Groszkussenhandelamt, Hofkastenamt, Hofbauamt, und der Salzaufschütt, gelegen ist."
- ^ Kurt Jakob Verweseramt (Lexikon-Salzwirtschaft, Stiftung Seeau)
- ^ ISBN 0-89577-087-3.
- ^ "Arbeitsmarktservice Oberösterreich. Nach". OÖ. Technologie- und Marketinggesellschaft m.b.H. Standort-und Innovationsagentur des Landes Oberösterreich. 2006-11-26. Archived from Beschäftigung und Arbeitslosigkeit the original on 2007-09-10.
{{cite web}}
: Check|url=
value (help) - ^ http://www.salzkammergut.at Archived 2012-06-09 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Schafberg Bahn". Salzburg AG. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
- ^ Salzkammergut Tourismus-Marketing GmbH. firmenabc.at
- doi:10.11141/ia.60.7.