Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
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King of Bahrain | |
Reign | 14 February 2002 – present |
Predecessor | Position established Himself (as Emir) |
Heir apparent | Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa |
Prime Minister | Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa |
Emir of Bahrain | |
Reign | 6 March 1999 – 14 February 2002 |
Predecessor | Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa |
Successor | Position abolished Himself (as King) |
Prime Minister | Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa |
Born | Riffa, Bahrain[a] | 28 January 1950
Spouse |
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Issue Detail |
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Arabic | حمد بن عيسى آل خليفة |
House | Khalifa |
Father | Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa |
Mother | Hessa bint Salman Al Khalifa |
Religion | Sunni Islam |
Styles of The King of Bahrain | ||
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Reference style His Majesty | | |
Spoken style | Your Majesty |
Hamad bin Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa (
Early life and education
Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa was born on 28 January 1950 in Riffa, Bahrain.[2] His parents were Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, then Crown Prince, and Hessa bint Salman Al Khalifa.[3]
After attending Manama secondary school in Bahrain, Hamad was sent to England to attend Applegarth College in Godalming, Surrey before taking a place at The Leys School in Cambridge. Hamad then underwent military training, first with the British Army at Mons Officer Cadet School at Aldershot in Hampshire, graduating in September 1968.[2] Four years later, in June 1972, Hamad attended the United States Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth in Kansas, graduating the following June with a degree in leadership.[4]
Crown prince
Hamad bin Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa was designated as
In October 1977, Sheikh Hamad started learning to fly helicopters, successfully completing the training in January 1978. He then worked to establish the
Reign
On the death of his father
Political turmoil
After Hamad took power in 1999, he focused on attaining stability in a nation riddled with profound tensions after the
Although King Hamad's reign has seen the admittance of Shi'ites into positions in the government, there have still been calls for a more equitable distribution of positions and jobs. The
2011 Bahraini uprising
On 15 February 2011, Hamad apologized for the deaths of two demonstrators in a rare TV speech and urged an investigation into the incident.[8] Two days later, four protesters were killed and hundreds wounded when protesters were attacked in Pearl Roundabout at 03:00 am local time. The Pearl Roundabout was evacuated and encircled by the Bahraini army. Two days later, Prince Salman, Hamad's son, ordered the withdrawal of army troops from there after the death of another protester caused by live ammunition next to Pearl roundabout.[citation needed]
During the peak of the Bahraini uprising in mid March 2011, Hamad declared a State of National Safety for three months just after Salman summoned Peninsula Shield Force troops to enter Bahrain. Saudi Arabia deployed about 1,000 troops with armoured support, and the United Arab Emirates deployed about 500 troops. Opposition parties reacted strongly, calling it an "occupation". Hamad, however, claimed that he deployed the troops to "protect infrastructure and to secure key installations".
In June 2011, Hamad commissioned the
Foreign relations
The king was invited by the British court to the
On 19 September 2022, he attended the state funeral of Queen Elizabeth II at Westminster Abbey, London.[32]
Personal life
Hamad has four wives and has had in total twelve children: seven sons and five daughters.[33]
- He married his first wife (also his first cousin), Sheikha Sabika bint Ibrahim Al Khalifa, at Rifa'a on 9 October 1968. She is Bahraini and together they have three sons and one daughter:
- Sheikh Salman bin Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, Crown Prince of Bahrain(born 21 October 1969)
- Sheikh Abdullah bin Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa (born 30 June 1975)
- Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Khalifa (born 4 June 1977)
- Sheikha Najla bint Hamad Al Khalifa (born 20 May 1981)
- Sheikh
- His second wife, Sheikha Sheia bint Hassan Al Khrayyesh Al Ajmi is from Kuwait. Together they have two sons:
- Sheikh Nasser bin Hamad Al Khalifa (born 8 May 1987)
- Sheikh Khalid bin Hamad Al Khalifa (born 23 September 1989)
- His third wife, Sheikha Hessa bint Faisal bin Muhammad bin Shuraim Al Marri, with whom he has one son and two daughters
- Sheikha Munira bint Hamad Al Khalifa (born 15 July 1990)
- Sheikh Faisal bin Hamad Al Khalifa (12 February 1991 – 12 January 2006), died in a car accident.
- Sheikha Noura bint Hamad Al Khalifa (born 6 November 1993)
- His fourth wife, Sheikha Manal bint Jabor Al Naimi, with whom he has one son and two daughters:
- Sheikh Sultan bin Hamad Al Khalifa (born 1997)
- Sheikha Hessa bint Hamad Al Khalifa (born 2000)
- Sheikha Rima bint Hamad Al Khalifa (born 2002)
Honours and awards
King Hamad has received numerous honours from:
- Jordan: Grand Cordon of the Order of the Star of Jordan (1 February 1967)[citation needed]
- Iraq: Member 1st class of the Order of the Two Rivers (22 February 1969)[citation needed]
- Morocco: Member Special Class of the Order of Muhammad (16 October 1970)[citation needed]
- Jordan: Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Renaissance (1 September 1972)[citation needed]
- Egypt: Grand Cordon of the Order of the Republic (24 January 1973)[citation needed]
- Iran: Collar of the Order of the Crown (28 April 1973)[citation needed]
- Order of Abdulaziz al Saud (4 April 1976)[citation needed]
- Indonesia: Star of the Republic of Indonesia, 1st class (8 October 1977)[citation needed]
- Mauritania: Member 1st class of the Order of Merit (1 April 1978)[citation needed]
- Cyprus: Collar of the Order of Makarios III (9 March 2015)[34]
- Oman: Member 1st class of the Order of Oman (24 October 2022)[35]
- United Kingdom: Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG, 15 February 1979)[citation needed]
- Libya: Member 1st class of the Order of the Grand Conqueror of Libya (1 September 1979)[citation needed]
- Spain: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic (4 December 1981)[36]
- Malaysia: Honorary Recipient of the Order of the Crown of the Realm (DMN, 28 October 2000)[37]
- UAE: Collar of the Order of Zayed (2 February 2005)[citation needed]
- Ireland: Honorary Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (Hon FRCSI, 2006)[citation needed]
- Yemen: Member 1st class of the Order of the Republic of the Yemen (25 March 2010)[citation needed]
- Denmark: Grand Cross of the Order of the Dannebrog (SK, 4 February 2011)[38]
- France: Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit [citation needed]
- Tunisia: Grand Cordon of the Order of the Republic (27 January 2016)[39]
- Egypt: Collar of the Order of the Nile (26 April 2016)[40]
- Palestine: Grand Collar of the State of Palestine (10 April 2017)[41]
- Brunei: Recipient of the Royal Family Order of the Crown of Brunei (DKMB, 3 May 2017)[42]
- Turkmenistan: Member of the Order of Neutrality (18 March 2019).[43]
- Johor: Grand Commander of the Royal Family Order of Johor (DK I, 26 November 2017)[44]
- Brazil: Grand Collar of the Order of the Southern Cross (12 November 2021)[45]
- United States: Chief Commander of the Legion of Merit (19 January 2021)[46]
- Russia: Honorary Doctorate from Moscow State Institute of International Relations (2 July 2021)[47]
Ancestry
Ancestors of Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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See also
References
- ^ a b "Bahrain profile – Timeline". BBC News. 12 November 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
- ^ a b "Embassy of the Kingdom of Bahrain to the United States". Bahrain Embassy. Archived from the original on 24 September 2010. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
- ^ "Bahrain mourns death of king's mother". Gulf News. 7 August 2009. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
- ^ a b "HM the King". Kingdom of Bahrain Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Government of Bahrain. Retrieved 21 February 2011.
- ^ "H.M. KING HAMAD BIN ISA AL KHALIFA". Melange Magazine. 1 November 2016. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
- ^ "H.M THE KING".
- ^ "Bahrain: Promising human rights reform must continue". Amnesty International. 13 March 2001. Retrieved 9 February 2011.
- ^ a b "Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry" (PDF). Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry. 23 November 2011. Retrieved 23 November 2011.
- ^ "Ministry of Interior". Retrieved 17 March 2013.
- ^ "MoJ Ministers and Undersecretaries' Names". Archived from the original on 23 September 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
- ^ "MoF Welcome Message". Retrieved 17 March 2013.
- ^ "MoC Organisation Chart". Archived from the original on 29 March 2013. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
- ^ "MoFA Organizational Structure". Retrieved 17 March 2013.
- ^ "BEDB Directors". Archived from the original on 21 April 2013. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
- ^ "Supreme Council for Women". Archived from the original on 17 December 2013. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
- U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
- ^ Law, Bill (6 April 2011) "Police Brutality Turns Bahrain Into 'Island of Fear' Crossing Continents (via BBC News) Retrieved 15 April 2011
- ^ Press release (30 March 2011) "USA Emphatic Support to Saudi Arabia" Zayd Alisa (via Scoop) Retrieved 15 April 2011
- Retrieved 15 April 2011
- ^ "Bahrain Mourners Call for End to Monarchy – Mood of Defiance Against Entire Ruling System After Brutal Attack on Pearl Roundabout Protest Camp That Left at Least Five Dead". The Guardian. London. 18 February 2011. Archived from the original on 18 February 2011. Retrieved 31 March 2011.
- ^ Uri Friedman (28 October 2011). "America's Unsavory Allies". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 22 November 2011. Retrieved 28 November 2011.
- ^ "Bahrains king gifts 3000 every family". France 24. 11 February 2011. Archived from the original on 15 February 2011. Retrieved 28 November 2011.
- ^ Andrew Malcolm (2 July 2011). "Jay Carney says vacationing Obama welcomes new democratic dialogue in Bahrain". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ "Bahrain – Alistair Burt welcomes independent commission". Foreign & Commonwealth Office. 30 June 2001.
- ^ Hillary Rodham Clinton (23 November 2011). "Release of the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry (BICI) Report". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 24 November 2011.
- ^ "Urgent action: Bahraini activist sentenced to three years" Amnesty International 21 August 2012 Retrieved 22 August 2012
- ^ "Hindu, Jain, Sikh, Muslim leaders invited to royal wedding". The Times of India. 26 April 2011.
- ^ "Bahrain rejects U.S. push to normalise relations with Israel". Al Jazeera. 26 August 2020. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
- ^ "Bahrain establishing full diplomatic relations with Israel, Trump announces". The Times of Israel. 11 September 2020.
- ^ Chappell, Bill (15 September 2020). "Israel, Bahrain And UAE Sign Deals Formalizing Ties At White House". NPR. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
- ^ "Bahrain recalls ambassador from Israel amid escalating assault on Gaza". Al Jazeera. 2 November 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
- ^ "Queen Elizabeth II's Funeral: Arab Royals Pay Their Respects Ahead of The Ceremony". Harper's Bazaar. 19 September 2022. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
- ^ "How many wives and Daughters does the crown prince of Bahrain have?".
- ^ "Ο Πρόεδρος της Δημοκρατίας έτυχε επίσημης υποδοχής από το Βασιλιά του Μπαχρέιν". Γραφείο Τύπου και Πληροφοριών. 9 March 2015. Archived from the original on 16 July 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
- ^ Bahraini King holds talks with Sultan of Oman
- ^ "Otras disposiciones" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado. 4 December 1981. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
- ^ "Bahagian Istiadat dan Urusetia Persidangan Antarabangsa". istiadat.gov.my. Archived from the original on 19 July 2019. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
- ^ "Photo". Archived from the original on 2 December 2012. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
- ^ علي رجب (27 January 2016). "بالصور.. العاهل البحريني يمنح الرئيس التونسي وسام الشيخ عيسى". بوابة فيتو (in Arabic). Retrieved 25 July 2019.
- ^ "Mutual Visits". sis.gov.eg. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
- ^ "HM King receives call from Palestinian President". Bahrain News Agency. 10 April 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ^ "Bahrain to Bolster ties with Brunei". newsofbahrain.com. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ^ "Королю Бахрейна вручён орден "Bitaraplyk"". uzbekistan.tmembassy.gov.tm (in Russian). Retrieved 24 February 2022.
- ^ "Johor Sultan helps boost Bahrain ties". The Star.com.my. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
- ^ "Bolsonaro condecora líderes do Oriente Médio antes de viagem à região". noticias.uol.com.br (in Portuguese). Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ "M King awarded Legion of Merit, Degree Chief Commander, by US President". Bahrain News Agency. 19 January 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
- ^ "Moscow University Awards HM King Hamad Honorary Doctorate". newsofbahrain.com. 3 July 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
Notes
- ^ Bahrain was under the Persian Gulf Residency as a British protectorate state at the time of Hamad's birth.
External links
- The New Amir of Bahrain: Marching Sideways, Abdulhadi Khalaf, Civil Society, Volume 9, Issue 100, April 2000
- "The King's Dilemma: Obstacles to Political Reforms in Bahrain" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2007. (227 KB), Abdulhadi Khalaf, Fourth Mediterranean Social and Political Research Meeting, European University Institute, March 2003
- Generational change and elite-driven reforms in the Kingdom of Bahrain. (Sir William Luce Fellowship Paper No. 7) Dr. Steven Wright (2006) Institute for Middle East and Islamic Studies, University of Durham
- Bahrain: The Royals rule, Le Monde Diplomatique, March 2005
- An Arab exception: Reform in Bahrain The Economist, 29 July 2004 (requires subscription)
- Appearances on C-SPAN