Riduan Isamuddin
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Riduan Isamuddin (Hambali) | |
---|---|
Born | Encep Nurjaman April 4, 1964[1][2][3] Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia |
Arrested | August 11, 2003 Ayutthaya, Thailand |
Detained at | CIA black sites, Guantanamo |
Other name(s) | Hambali Nurjaman |
ISN | 10019 |
Alleged to be a member of | Al-Qaeda Jemaah Islamiyah |
Charge(s) | Charged before a military commission in 2021 |
Riduan Isamuddin
Hambali was often described as "the
He received increasing attention in the aftermath of the 2002
Early life
Riduan Isamuddin was born Encep Nurjaman in the
His name has been transliterated into English text in several different ways over the years, including;
- His name was spelled Hambali, Riduan bin Isomuddin on the Summary of Evidence memo prepared for his Combatant Status Review.[11]
- His name was spelled Ryuduan bin Isomuddin by Scott McClellan during a press briefing.[12] McClellan spelled his name letter by letter.
- His name is spelled Riduan Isamuddin in the report of the 9/11 Commission.[13]
- His name was spelled Nurjaman Riduan Isamuddin by the U.S. Treasury.[14]
Jemaah Islamiah
This section of a biography of a living person does not include any references or sources. (March 2009) |
In 1991, Nurjamin returned to Cianjur for one week, before going to
The two co-founders sent their students to "study" in Afghanistan and Pakistan. The students actually fought the Soviets until the Soviets pulled out of Afghanistan. A woman named Noralwizah Lee Abdullah had gone to Malaysia for religious schooling. She secretly married Isamuddin after meeting him at the Luqmanul Hakiem School in Ulu Tiram, Johor. The school was founded by Sungkar and Bashir.
Initially, Isamuddin struggled to make a living for his family. He switched from selling
After Arab visitors gave his family much money, he founded a
Hambali goes underground
Hambali's company attracted attention of investigators so his dealings went quiet for a while.[
Hambali planned and attended the January
After the
Capture
Hambali used a series of safe-houses throughout
Thai police found him as part of a joint operation between the Thai police and the
According to a 2010
custody.A On September 8, 2006,
Hambali is also wanted in the Philippines for the transfer of explosives on Filipino soil in an attempt to transport them to Singapore.
Detention, Interrogation and Torture
Following his capture the USA would not confirm or deny that he was in their custody. But on September 6, 2006,
On August 11, 2003, the United States government subjected Hambali to almost three years of isolation, interrogation and torture.[23][24][25][26] Within days of his arrest, he was taken to an undisclosed secret detention facility where he was subject to "enhanced interrogation techniques" (EITs) inflicted by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) for approximately three years as part of the notorious Rendition, Detention and Interrogation (RDI) program, which is now commonly known as the "Torture Program."
But a complete description of his torture as well as the locations in which it occurred remained classified by the United States government.[23][24][25][26] Only limited amounts of information describing his torture have been released - first from the International Committee of the Red Cross Report on the Treatment of Fourteen 'High-Value Detainees' in CIA Custody dated February 2007 and later by the SSCI Report in 2014.
According to the 2014 Senate Intelligence Committee report, Hambali was told by an interrogator that he would never go to court: "We can never let the world know what I have done to you."[23][24][25][26][28]
Combatant Status Review
The Bush administration asserted that:
the protections of the Geneva Conventions did not extend to captured prisoners who are not members of the regular Afghan armed force nor meet the criteria for prisoner of war for voluntary forces.[29]
Critics argued the Conventions obliged the U.S. to conduct
"Enemy combatant" was defined by the U.S. Department of Defense as:
an individual who was part of, or supporting, the Taliban, or al-Qaeda forces, or associated forces that are engaged in hostilities against the United States or its coalition partners. This includes any person who commits a belligerent act or has directly supported hostilities in aid of enemy armed forces.[30]
The CSRTs are not bound by the
Riduan Isamuddin was among the 60% of prisoners who chose to participate in tribunal hearings.[32] A Summary of Evidence memo was prepared for the tribunal of each detainee, listing the allegations that supported their detention as an "enemy combatant".
Riduan Isamuddin's memo accused him of the following:[33]
The Department of Defense announced on August 9, 2007 that all fourteen of the "high-value detainees" who had been transferred to Guantanamo from the CIA's black sites, had been officially classified as "enemy combatants".[34] Although judges Peter Brownback and Keith J. Allred had ruled two months earlier that only "illegal enemy combatants" could face military commissions, the Department of Defense waived the qualifier and said that all fourteen men could now face charges before Guantanamo military commissions.[35][36]
Possible transfer to Washington, D.C. for a civilian trial
According to
Joint Review Task Force
When he assumed office in January 2009,
He promised the use of torture would cease at the camp. He promised to institute a new review system. That new review system was composed of officials from six departments, where the OARDEC reviews were conducted entirely by the Department of Defense. When it reported back, a year later, theFurther reading
Some of the above information about Hambali, and more, can be read in the report[13] of the 9-11 Commission.
In popular culture
- Modernine TV : discussed Hambali on TimeLine, 30 December 2018, in "Black Magic Operations".[43]
- Hambali is portrayed by Indonesian actor/singer Surya Saputra in the movie Long Road to Heaven.[44]
Notes
- ^ Also transliterated as Riduan Isamudin, Riduan Isomuddin, and Riduan Isomudin.
References
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (February 2008) |
- ^ "Hambali". globalsecurity.org. Archived from the original on 23 October 2015. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
- ^ https://int.nyt.com/data/documenttools/82494-isn-10019-hambali-riduan-isamuddin-jtf-gtmo/2e16d7dd564573db/full.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ https://www.prs.mil/Portals/60/Documents/ISN10019/160331_U_ISN10019_GOVERNMENTS_UNCLASSIFIED_SUMMARY_PUBLIC.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ Vicini, James (March 11, 2010). "Guantanamo prisoner known as Hambali seeks release". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2017-07-01.
- ^ Rosenberg, Carol (31 August 2021). "Three Guantánamo Detainees Charged in 2002 Bali Bombing". The New York Times.
- ^ Fox, Ben (2021-08-30). "Bali bomb case starts in Guantanamo 18 years after capture". AP NEWS. Retrieved 2022-08-11.
- ^ Maria Ressa (August 29, 2002). "The quest for SE Asia's Islamic 'super' state". CNN. Archived from the original on 2008-03-29. Retrieved 2008-03-30.
The main financier of the operation is alleged to have been Riduan Isamuddin, also known as Hambali, and now purported to be al Qaeda's main operative in Southeast Asia.
- ^ "'We will fight until we run out of blood'". The Age. Melbourne. October 15, 2002. Archived from the original on 2008-04-05. Retrieved 2008-03-30.
In Malaysia, Bashir began to surround himself with a hard-core of militants. One of these was Hambali, alias Riduan Isamuddin, a 37-year-old Indonesian who fought against the Soviets. Today, he is described by Western sources as the chief operations officer of JI, and is reputedly the mastermind of al Qaeda cells in this part of the world.
- Office of the Director of National Intelligence. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2009-08-31.
- ^ "WebCite query result" (PDF). www.webcitation.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-09-01. Retrieved 2020-05-12.
{{cite web}}
: Cite uses generic title (help) - OARDEC (February 9, 2007). "Summary of Evidence for Combatant Status Review Tribunal - Hambali, Riduan bin Isomuddin" (PDF). Department of Defense. Archived(PDF) from the original on 2007-06-14. Retrieved April 13, 2007.
- ^ Scott McClellan (August 14, 2003). "Press Gaggle by Scott McClellan and a Senior Administration Official Aboard Air Force One". White House. Archived from the original on 2011-07-28. Retrieved April 13, 2007.
- ^ a b "9/11 Commission Report" (PDF). 9/11 Commission. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-10-19. Retrieved April 14, 2007.
- US Treasury. April 13, 2006. Archived from the originalon 2007-04-14. Retrieved April 13, 2007.
- ^ Small, David (24 August 2004). "Terrorism Expertise of Rohan Gunaratna Questioned". Scoop. Archived from the original on 2017-03-18. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
- Sydney Morning Herald. 16 October 2002. Archivedfrom the original on 2008-01-09. Retrieved 2008-03-01.
- ^ "CIA Makes Major Al Qaeda Arrest". ABC News. Retrieved 2020-05-11.
- ^ "Hambali arrested in Thailand: reports - ABC News". www.abc.net.au. 2003-08-15. Retrieved 2020-05-11.
- The Associated Press. August 19, 2010. Retrieved June 3, 2021.
- ^ "Bush admits to CIA secret prisons". BBC News. 2006-09-07. Archived from the original on 2006-10-05. Retrieved 2006-09-08.
- ^ "Jakarta seeks access to Hambali". BBC News. 2006-09-08. Archived from the original on 2007-03-27. Retrieved 2006-09-08.
- ^ Bush: CIA holds terror suspects in secret prisons Archived 2008-05-16 at the Wayback Machine, CNN, 7 September 2006.
- ^ a b c d Peter Lloyd (2014-12-10). "US Senate report, declassified cables question results of CIA's interrogation of Hambali". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 2017-06-28. Retrieved 2018-06-28.
Top secret cables, now declassified, revealed the torture of Hambali began one month after his capture.
- ^ a b c d Paul Farrell (2014-12-10). "US Senate rejects CIA claims torture was key to capture of Bali bombings suspect". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2018-06-29. Retrieved 2018-06-28.
Hambali was one of eight key examples given by the agency to justify the success of "enhanced interrogation" techniques.
- ^ Washington, DC. Archivedfrom the original on 2018-06-29. Retrieved 2018-06-28.
- ^ a b c d "RIDUAN ISAMUDDIN (HAMBALI)". The Rendition Project. Archived from the original on 2018-06-29. Retrieved 2018-06-28.
It was at this point that Hambali entered CIA custody, and was, according to CIA records cited by the SSCI report, almost immediately subjected to "enhanced interrogation techniques". There are no declassified records detailing the torture of Hambali, although there are cables recording the fact that he later recanted the information he provided under torture, which he gave "in an attempt to reduce the pressure on himself... and to give an account that was consistent with what he assessed the questioners wanted to hear."
- Office of the Director of National Intelligence. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2009-08-31.
- ^ Executive Summary, Findings and Conclusions, and Foreword by Senate Select Committee on Intelligence (SSCI) Chairman Dianne Feinstein, of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence's study of the Central Intelligence Agency's Detention and Interrogation Program, released on or about December of 2014 (SSCI "Torture Report") at xiii.
- ^ "Q&A: What next for Guantanamo prisoners?". BBC News. 2002-01-21. Archived from the original on 2008-11-23. Retrieved 2008-11-24.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "Guatanamo Detainee Processes," United States Department of Defense, updated October 2, 2007, accessed February 23, 2010
- ^ Elsea, Jennifer K. (July 20, 2005). "Detainees at Guantanamo Bay: Report for Congress" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 2007-11-10.
- , September 4, 2007
- OARDEC (April 4, 2007). "Combatant Status Review Tribunal, transcript 10017" (PDF). Department of Defense. Archived(PDF) from the original on 2007-06-14. Retrieved April 13, 2007.
- Time magazine. Archived from the originalon October 19, 2012. Retrieved May 25, 2022. mirror
- ^ Sergeant Sara Wood (June 4, 2007). "Charges Dismissed Against Canadian at Guantanamo". Department of Defense. Retrieved 2007-06-07.
- ^ Sergeant (June 4, 2007). "Judge Dismisses Charges Against Second Guantanamo Detainee". Department of Defense. Retrieved 2007-06-07.
- Xinhua. 2010-01-16. Archived from the originalon 2010-03-23.
- ^ Peter Finn (January 22, 2010). "Justice task force recommends about 50 Guantanamo detainees be held indefinitely". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2015-05-04. Retrieved July 21, 2010.
- ^ Peter Finn (May 29, 2010). "Most Guantanamo detainees low-level fighters, task force report says". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2015-05-10. Retrieved July 21, 2010.
- ^ Andy Worthington (June 11, 2010). "Does Obama Really Know or Care About Who Is at Guantánamo?". Archived from the original on 2010-06-16. Retrieved July 21, 2010.
- ^
"71 Guantanamo Detainees Determined Eligible to Receive a Periodic Review Board as of April 19, 2013". Joint Review Task Force. 2013-04-09. Archivedfrom the original on 2015-05-19. Retrieved 2015-05-18.
- ^ https://www.prs.mil/Portals/60/Documents/ISN10019/161025_U_FOUO_ISN10019_FINAL_DETERMNATION_PUBLIC_v1.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ สํานักข่าวไทย TNAMCOT (30 December 2018). "ข่าวดังข้ามเวลา ตอน "Black Magic Operations ปฏิบัติการลับจับฮัมบาลี" [คลิปเต็มรายการ]". Archived from the original on 2021-12-21 – via YouTube.
- ^ Long Road to Heaven (2007) - IMDb, retrieved 2022-07-24
External links
- Info about Hambali's wife
- Hambali's arrest - Information about Hambali's arrest
- Thailand thanked for Hambali arrest Archived 2005-03-10 at the Wayback Machine - More information about Hambali's arrest
- The Star Source - Malaysian article about Hambali's early life, including his full DOB[dead link]
- Elegant, Simon. "Asia's Own Osama". Time Asia. Archived from the originalon 2002-03-27.
- Singapore newspaper about Hambali and his wife[dead link]
- http://edition.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/southeast/07/30/seasia.state/
- http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/asia-pacific/2983612.stm