Hammond, Indiana
Hammond | ||
---|---|---|
Mayor–council | ||
• Mayor | Thomas McDermott Jr. (D) | |
• City council | ||
• City clerk | Robert J. Golec ( FIPS code 18-31000[6] | |
GNIS feature ID | 2394280[4] | |
Website | www.gohammond.com |
Hammond (
History
The first permanent residents arrived around 1847 to settle on land between the Grand and Little Calumet Rivers, on the south end of Lake Michigan. Those first residents were German farmers newly arrived from Europe looking for land and opportunity. Before that time, the area was a crossroad for Indian tribes, explorers, stagecoach lines and supply lines to the West. Convenient location and abundant fresh water from Lake Michigan led to the beginning of Hammond's industrialization in 1869 with the George H. Hammond Company meat-packing plant following merchants and farmers to the area. Hammond was incorporated on April 21, 1884, and was named after the Detroit butcher.[7]
Hammond is one of the oldest cities in Lake County, with Crown Point being the oldest (established in 1834). According to the Encyclopedia of Chicago, George Henry Hammond, a pioneer in the use of refrigerated railcars for the transport of fresh meat, first used this method with his small packing company in Detroit, Michigan. In 1868, Hammond received a patent for a refrigerator car design. In the early 1870s, he built a new plant in northern Indiana along the tracks of the Michigan Central Railroad. By 1873, the George H. Hammond Co. was selling $1 million worth of meat a year; by 1875, sales were nearly $2 million. The company's large packing house in Hammond rivaled those located at the Union Stock Yard in Chicago. By the middle of the 1880s, when it built a new plant in Omaha, Nebraska, Hammond was slaughtering over 100,000 cattle a year and owned a fleet of 800 refrigerator cars. After Hammond died in 1886, the company became less important and no longer challenged the giant Chicago packers, who acquired Hammond at the turn of the century and merged it into their National Packing Co.[citation needed]
The Hammond Whiting & East Chicago Electric Railway Company trolley service ran from 1893 to 1940.[8]
On June 22, 1918, the
The downtown Hammond shopping district along State Street and Hohman Avenue included major chains such as
The Pullman Standard Car Company built M4 Sherman tanks in Hammond during World War II.[13][14]
Architect Victor Gruen designed the Woodmar Mall[15] in the Woodmar neighborhood. The mall opened in 1954 and was anchored by a Carson Pirie Scott and Co. store.[16]
According to the
Prominent manufacturing companies in Hammond include Unilever's soap factory, Atlas Tube, Cargill food processing, Munster Steel, Lear Seating Corporation, Jupiter Aluminum, Tri-State Automation, and Dover Chemical. Warehousing and storage is also prominent, with ExxonMobil and Marathon Petroleum having large oil storage facilities, and FedEx has a distribution center. Large railroad marshalling yards are also present in the city, with the Indiana Harbor Belt Railroad's headquarters in the city. The State Line Generating Plant operated on the Indiana-Illinois state line from 1929 to 2012, and was demolished in 2014.[citation needed]
The Empress Casino opened in Hammond in June 1996 and was replaced with the Horseshoe Hammond casino in 2001.[19]
In February 2006, the decision was made to demolish Woodmar Mall except for the Carson's store.[20] The Hammond Redevelopment Commission announced plans in June 2016 for a $12 million sports complex to be built on the site of the former mall.[21] The Carson's store closed in 2018, and was demolished in 2019, as part of its parent company's liquidation.[22]
Geography
The city sits within the boundaries of the former
Neighborhoods
- Lakefront
- Marina District
- Five Points
- Robertsdale
- Water Gardens
- North Hammond
- Pulaski Park
- Downtown Hammond
- Central Hammond
- South Hammond
- Woodmar
- Schleicher
- Hessville
Lakes and rivers
- Grand Calumet River (partial)
- Lake George
- Lake Michigan (partial)
- Little Calumet River (partial)
- Oxbow Lake
- Wolf Lake(partial)
Adjacent cities, towns and villages
Illinois
Indiana
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1880 | 699 | — | |
1890 | 5,284 | 655.9% | |
1900 | 12,376 | 134.2% | |
1910 | 20,925 | 69.1% | |
1920 | 36,004 | 72.1% | |
1930 | 65,559 | 82.1% | |
1940 | 70,183 | 7.1% | |
1950 | 87,595 | 24.8% | |
1960 | 111,698 | 27.5% | |
1970 | 107,983 | −3.3% | |
1980 | 91,985 | −14.8% | |
1990 | 84,236 | −8.4% | |
2000 | 83,048 | −1.4% | |
2010 | 80,830 | −2.7% | |
2020 | 77,879 | −3.7% | |
U.S. Decennial Census[24] |
2020 census
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2010[25] | Pop 2020[26] | % 2010 | % 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|
White alone (NH)
|
33,534 | 23,674 | 41.49% | 30.40% |
Black or African American alone (NH)
|
17,568 | 19,584 | 21.73% | 25.15% |
Alaska Native alone (NH)
|
145 | 112 | 0.18% | 0.14% |
Asian alone (NH) | 753 | 611 | 0.93% | 0.78% |
Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 9 | 21 | 0.01% | 0.03% |
Some Other Race alone (NH) | 90 | 287 | 0.11% | 0.37% |
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 1,168 | 2,248 | 1.45% | 2.89% |
Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 27,563 | 31,342 | 34.10% | 40.24% |
Total | 80,830 | 77,879 | 100.00% | 100.00% |
2010 census
As of the
There were 29,949 households, of which 36.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.0% were married couples living together, 19.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.8% were non-families. 30.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.36.
The median age in the city was 33.3 years. 27.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.3% were from 25 to 44; 24.2% were from 45 to 64; and 10.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.0% male and 51.0% female.
2000 census
As of the
There were 32,026 households, out of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.9% were married couples living together, 16.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.8% were non-families. 29.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.23.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.3% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.2 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $35,528, and the median income for a family was $42,221. Males had a median income of $35,778 versus $25,180 for females. The
Economy
Major employers
According to the city, those businesses employing 200 or more employees in Hammond are:[27]
# | Employer | # of employees |
---|---|---|
1 | Franciscan Health Hammond | 2,500 |
2 | School City of Hammond | 2,485 |
3 | Horseshoe Casino
|
1,866 |
4 | City of Hammond | 875 |
5 | Walmart | 785 |
6 | Indiana Harbor Belt Railroad | 759 |
7 | Lear Seating Corporation | 615 |
8 | Contract Services Group | 300 |
9 | Unilever | 255 |
10 | Morrison Construction Company | 250 |
11 | Cargill | 240 |
Arts and culture
National Register of Historic Places
The following single properties and national
- Morse Dell Plain House and Garden
- Forest-Ivanhoe Residential Historic District
- Forest-Moraine Residential Historic District
- Forest-Southview Residential Historic District
- Glendale Park Historic District
- Hohman Avenue Commercial Historic District
- Indi-Illi Park Historic District
- Northern States Life Insurance Company
- Pullman-Standard Historic District
- Roselawn-Forest Heights Historic District
- Southmoor Apartment Hotel
- State Bank of Hammond Building
- State Street Commercial Historic District
- George John Wolf House
Public libraries
Hammond Public Library, located at 564 State Street, includes the Suzanne G. Long Local History Room. The system used to operate the E.B. Hayward Branch at 1212 172nd Street and the Howard Branch at 7047 Grand Avenue. Both branches have since been closed. The Hammond Public Library was the first library in the state to form a recognized union, a local of AFSCME. Patricia E. Robinson was the first president of the library union.[28]
Sports
Hammond was defeated by the team from Taipei, Taiwan in the 1972 Little League World Series.[29]
- Past teams
- Sauk Valley Rollers of Rock Falls, Illinois.
- UCLA basketball coach John Woodenboth played for the Ciesar All-Americans.
The Hammond Pros (1920–1924)
The Hammond Pros was one of the earliest professional football teams in the United States. When the American Professional Football League was formed in 1920, the Hammond Pros was a charter member, as it also was when the league changed its name to National Football League in 1922. However, four years later, when the NFL decided to reduce the number of teams, it did so by simply folding smaller franchises. The Hammond Pros never played a home game in Hammond.
During the four years of the Hammond Pros' existence, the NFL had nine African-American players, six of whom played for the Pros. The NFL's first African-American head coach was Hall-of-Famer coach Fritz Pollard of the Pros.
Government
Hammond is incorporated as a
The city maintains a city court on the second floor of the City Hall,[30] exercising a limited jurisdiction within Lake County. The court handles not only local ordinance violations and certain minor criminal matters, but also a significant portion of the debt collection and eviction actions brought in Lake County.
City Council
- Janet Venecz (D, At Large), President
- Katrina D. Alexander (D, At Large)
- Daniel P. "Dan" Spitale (D, At Large)
- Mark Kalwinski (D, 1st)
- Alfonso "Al" Salinas III (D, 2nd)
- Barry Tyler, Jr. (D, 3rd)
- William "Bill" Emerson, Sr. (D, 4th)
- David "Dave" Woerpel (D, 5th)
- Scott Rakos (D, 6th—Council president in 2023-2024)[2]
List of mayors
# | Name | Term | Party |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Marcus Towle | 1884–1888 | Republican |
2 | Thomas Hammond | 1888–1893 | Democratic |
3 | Patrick Reilly | 1893–1894 | Democratic |
4 | Fred R. Mott | 1894–1898 | Republican |
5 | Patrick Reilly | 1898–1902 | Democratic |
6 | Armanis F. Knotts | 1902–1904 | Republican |
7 | Lawrence Becker | 1904–1911 | Democratic |
8 | John D. Smalley | 1911–1918 | Democratic |
9 | Daniel Brown | 1918–1925 | Republican |
10 | Adrian E. Tinkham | 1925–1930 | Republican |
11 | Charles O. Schonert | 1930–1935 | Republican |
12 | Frank Martin | 1935–1942 | Democratic |
13 | G. Bertram Smith | 1942–1948 | Democratic |
14 | Vernon C. Anderson | 1948–1956 | Republican |
15 | Edward Dowling | 1956–1968 | Democratic |
16 | Joseph Klen | 1968–1976 | Democratic |
17 | Edward J. Raskosky | 1976–1984 | Democratic |
18 | Thomas M. McDermott, Sr. | 1984–1992 | Republican |
19 | Duane Dedelow, Jr. | 1992–2004 | Republican |
20 | Thomas M. McDermott, Jr.
|
2004–present | Democratic |
Education
School City of Hammond
Hammond is served by the School City of Hammond, a school corporation under Indiana state law that is independent of the civil city.
In June 2021, the School City of Hammond permanently closed two junior/senior High Schools: Donald E. Gavit and George Rogers Clark, first opened in the 1930s and 1960s respectively.
- High schools
- Area Career Center
- Hammond High School
- Morton High School
- George Rogers Clark High School(Closed 2021)
- Gavit High School(Closed 2021)
- Middle schools
- George Rogers Clark Middle School(Closed 2021)
- Henry W. Eggers Middle School
- Gavit Middle School(Closed 2021)
- Scott Middle School
- Elementary schools
- Columbia Elementary School
- Edison Elementary School
- Benjamin Franklin Elementary School
- Warren G. Harding Elementary School
- Joseph Hess Elementary School
- Washington Irving Elementary School
- Thomas Jefferson Elementary School
- Kenwood Elementary School
- Lafayette Elementary School
- Lincoln Elementary School
- Maywood Elementary School
- Morton Elementary School
- Frank O'Bannon Elementary School
- Lew Wallace Elementary School
- Charter schools
- Hammond Academy of Science and Technology(6–12)
Privately owned and operated schools
- Bishop Noll Institute (high school)
- City Baptist High School [31]
- Hazel Young Academy
- Montessori Children's Schoolhouse
- St. Casimir (elementary school)
- St. John Bosco (elementary school)
- St. John the Baptist (elementary school)
Catholic schools are under the Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary.
St. Catherine of Siena, a Catholic elementary school, opened prior to 1959. Prior to 2009 its enrollment had declined, with 130 students that year, and its financial state had deteriorated. The school closed in 2009.[32]
Colleges and universities
Infrastructure
Transportation
Most of Hammond's streets are laid out in a grid pattern similar to Chicago's streets. While Madison Street in Chicago acts as the reference point for north–south street numbering the first "1" is removed; this makes what would be a five digit address number in Illinois into a four digit address number in Hammond. The state line is used as the reference point for east–west street numbering.
Other cities and towns in Northwest Indiana that use the Hammond numbering system are Whiting, Munster and Highland. Dyer also uses the Hammond numbering system but the first number removed from the north–south streets is a "2," as by that point the Illinois numbers across the state line start with the number 2 (Munster's street numbers start with a "1" north of the Dyer line, making them 5 digits); and East Chicago uses the canal located in the middle of the city as the east–west reference point, while embodying Hammond's numbering system for the north–south streets.
- I-90 – Indiana Toll Road, exits (listed northwest to southeast):
- Indianapolis Boulevard – U.S. 12/20/41
- Calumet Avenue – U.S. 41
- Cline Avenue – State Road 912
- I-80/94 – Borman Expressway, exits (listed west to east):
- Calumet Avenue – U.S. 41 North
- Indianapolis Boulevard – U.S. 41 South/State Road 152
- Kennedy Avenue
- Cline Avenue – State Road 912
Public transportation
The
The nearest commercial airport is
Bus transit was provided by the Northwest Indiana Regional Bus Authority, which assumed responsibility from the city's Hammond Transit System in 2010, establishing EasyGo Lake Transit system in its place.[33] All EasyGo buses were discontinued on June 30, 2012 due to a lack of funding.[34] In addition, Pace routes 350 and 364 and GPTC Tri-City Connection Route 12 from Gary, Indiana stop at Hammond's Dan Rabin Transit Plaza.
Medical centers and hospitals
The only hospital in Hammond is
Utilities
- Electricity and Natural gas – Nearly all of the electricity and natural gas used in Hammond is produced by NIPSCO, a NiSource company.
- Water – Water service for nearly all consumers of water in the city is provided by the Hammond Water Department, a state-owned utility that is operated by the civil city government.
Notable people
Sister city
- Galați, Romania (since 1997)
See also
- Hammond Indiana Barrier Controversy
References
- ^ a b "Hammond's 125th Anniversary Day". City of Hammond, Indiana. Archived from the original on October 6, 2016. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
- ^ a b "2014 Public Officials Directory". Lake County Board of Elections and Voter's Registration. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
- ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 16, 2022.
- ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Hammond, Indiana
- ^ a b "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
- ^ a b "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ "Profile for Hammond, Indiana". ePodunk. Archived from the original on September 15, 2015. Retrieved June 3, 2010.
- ^ McKinlay, Archibald (January 26, 1997), "Calumet Roots. Trolleys were Hammond success", The Times of Northwest Indiana, Munster, Indiana, archived from the original on June 17, 2018
- ISBN 978-1596299313.
- ^ Burton, Jeff (November 27, 2009), "Hammond's downtown shopping district once a retail mecca", The Times of Northwest Indiana, Munster, Indiana, archived from the original on December 28, 2016,
At various points in the city's 125-year history, major national retailers like Sears, J.C. Penney, Kresge's and F.W. Woolworth all had downtown storefronts, but the giants of Hohman and State were local stores, E.C. Minas and Goldblatt's. The two department stores occupied more than 300,000 square feet of retail space.
- ^ Porta, Sharon (February 6, 2002), "Minas building downtown fixture for 108 years", The Times of Northwest Indiana, Munster, Indiana, archived from the original on June 17, 2018,
The Minas building was constructed in 1894 and the neighboring building, the Henderson building, was constructed prior to 1904...The store closed its doors for good on Aug. 15, 1984.
- ^ Skertic, Alison (October 12, 1999), "When Goldblatts closed, Hammond lost a part of its identity", The Times of Northwest Indiana, Munster, Indiana, archived from the original on June 17, 2018,
The Goldblatts building had stood on Hohman Avenue since the 1920s, when it was known as the Lion's store. Goldblatt Brothers Inc. bought the store in 1931 and retained control until the store closed in 1982.
- ^ Pete, Joseph S. (October 25, 2014), "Hammond-made tanks star in World War II movie Fury", The Times of Northwest Indiana, Munster, Indiana, archived from the original on January 28, 2015,
Pullman made railroad cars on Chicago's South Side but was pressed into military service during the war. In less than a year, Hammond native Raymond Fox set up a tank and weapons factory at 165th Street and Columbia Avenue in south Hammond.
- ^ "WWII veteran joins historians for program on Hammond tank production", The Times of Northwest Indiana, Munster, Indiana, April 16, 2015, archived from the original on June 17, 2018,
Hammond was one of 10 locations in the U.S. that built the M4 medium tank.
- ISBN 978-0812237627.
- ^ Bierschenk, Edwin (June 7, 2016), "A sporting chance for revival at former Woodmar site", The Times of Northwest Indiana, Munster, Indiana, archived from the original on January 16, 2017
- ^ Historyhammondindiana.com Archived April 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Schmidt, William E. (September 5, 1988). "Hammond Journal: Earthen Barrier Serves as Both Dam and Symbol". The New York Times. p. 6. Retrieved October 26, 2022.
- ^ Steele, Andrew (June 26, 2016), "For NWI casinos, it's been 20 years and $20 billion", The Times of Northwest Indiana, Munster, Indiana, archived from the original on October 2, 2016,
The original Empress Casino in Hammond — officially open for business on June 29, 1996 — was a standard boat at 43,000 square feet of gaming space.
- ^ Holecek, Andrea (February 8, 2006), "Wrecking ball aimed at Woodmar Mall", The Times of Northwest Indiana, Munster, Indiana, archived from the original on January 16, 2017
- ^ Quinn, Michelle L. (June 8, 2016), "Former Woodmar property eyed for sports complex", Post-Tribune, Merrillville, Indiana, archived from the original on June 9, 2016
- ^ Pete, Joseph S. (April 29, 2018). "Carson's to close in Southlake Mall, Hammond and Michigan City". The Times of Northwest Indiana. Munster, Indiana. Archived from the original on May 4, 2018.
Carson's will close its department stores in Southlake Mall in Hobart, the Marquette Mall in Michigan City and in Hammond, where the three-story store is all that remains of the once-thriving but now largely demolished Woodmar Mall.
- ^ "G001 – Geographic Identifiers – 2010 Census Summary File 1". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved July 28, 2015.
- US Census Bureau.
- ^ "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Hammond city, Indiana". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
- ^ "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Hammond city, Indiana". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
- ^ "Hammond's Top 10 Employers". City of Hammond, Indiana. Mayor's Office of Economic Development. April 18, 2018. Retrieved March 17, 2019.
- ^ "Library Information, Locations, Hours Archived 2008-12-15 at the Wayback Machine." Hammond Public Library. Retrieved on January 21, 2009.
- ^ "Little League World Series". littleleague.org. Archived from the original on July 9, 2013. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
- ^ "Courts – Lake County Bar Association – Indiana". lakecountybar.com. Archived from the original on July 31, 2007. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
- ^ City Baptist High School
- NWI Times. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
- ^ "Transit System: Routes and Schedules". Northwest Indiana Regional Bus Authority. Archived from the original on August 16, 2010. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
- ^ "Northwest Indiana Regional Bus Authority: Welcome". Archived from the original on February 9, 2013. Retrieved March 1, 2013.