Hanford, California
Hanford, California | ||
---|---|---|
City of Hanford | ||
The Hanford Auditorium Veteran Memorial Hall | ||
FIPS code 06-31960 | | |
GNIS feature ID | 1660714 | |
Website | cityofhanfordca |
Hanford is the most populous city and the
History
Today's Hanford was once north of
Since the
From the mid-to-late 1870s, the
In 1877, Hanford began to appear in state newspapers, giving details of events in the town's early days. In 1878, Hanford began running their own newspaper service and wiring called "The Public Good" which fed into other papers.[8] In May 1878, Hanford residents drafted a resolve against the South Pacific Railroad from purchasing land with residing settlers.[9] In June 1878, the Workingmen's Party was reported to have a majority vote over the Democrats in the town.[10]
In May 1878, the Upper Kings River Canal and Irrigation Company filed articles of incorporation.
In May 1880, a dispute over land titles between settlers and the Southern Pacific Railroad resulted in a bloody gun battle on a farm 5.6 mi (9.0 km) northwest of Hanford that left seven men dead. This event became famous as the
A post office was established in 1887.[15]
On several occasions, major fires destroyed much of the young community's business district. The need for fire protection led to the town becoming an incorporated city in 1891. Its first mayor was local resident Yamon LeBaron.
An electrical generating plant was built in 1891 by pioneering flour miller H.G. Lacey, bringing the first electric lights to the city. The Lacey Milling Company was still operating in Hanford in 2016.
The first public high school, Hanford Union High School, was started in 1892 with one teacher, W. S. Cranmer, and an average enrollment of fourteen.[16]
When Kings County was created in 1893 from the western part of
A second railroad was laid through Hanford in 1897, which today is the main north–south line of the BNSF Railway through the San Joaquin Valley. The original east–west Southern Pacific Railroad branch line is now operated by the San Joaquin Valley Railroad.
Saloons flourished in Hanford's early days despite an anti-saloon movement until the town voted to become "dry" in 1912, eight years before nationwide prohibition was enacted.[7]
In the 1930s, famed pilot Amelia Earhart lived in Hanford to teach flying lessons at Fresno Chandler Airport. She befriended local resident and student of hers Mary Packwood with whom she gifted a personally-designed dress and left luggage shortly before her disappearance in the Pacific Ocean in 1937. The belongings are on display in Hanford's Carnegie Museum.[17]
Geography
Hanford is situated in the south-central portion of California's
Climate
It has a cold-semi arid climate typical of the San Joaquin Valley floor with hot, dry summers and cool winters characterized by dense tule fog. The wetter season occurs from November through March. The average annual rainfall over the ten years from 1997/98 through 2006/07 was 8.97 inches (228 mm).
Climate data for Hanford Municipal Airport, California (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1899–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 95 (35) |
94 (34) |
95 (35) |
100 (38) |
107 (42) |
114 (46) |
116 (47) |
115 (46) |
114 (46) |
101 (38) |
94 (34) |
80 (27) |
116 (47) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 66.8 (19.3) |
72.5 (22.5) |
81.5 (27.5) |
90.6 (32.6) |
98.3 (36.8) |
104.1 (40.1) |
105.6 (40.9) |
105.3 (40.7) |
101.6 (38.7) |
93.2 (34.0) |
79.1 (26.2) |
66.8 (19.3) |
107.4 (41.9) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 56.6 (13.7) |
63.0 (17.2) |
69.8 (21.0) |
76.3 (24.6) |
84.6 (29.2) |
92.5 (33.6) |
98.2 (36.8) |
97.4 (36.3) |
92.1 (33.4) |
80.7 (27.1) |
66.6 (19.2) |
56.7 (13.7) |
77.9 (25.5) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 46.8 (8.2) |
50.9 (10.5) |
56.7 (13.7) |
61.8 (16.6) |
69.2 (20.7) |
76.0 (24.4) |
81.1 (27.3) |
79.9 (26.6) |
74.7 (23.7) |
64.6 (18.1) |
53.2 (11.8) |
46.0 (7.8) |
63.4 (17.5) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 37.0 (2.8) |
38.9 (3.8) |
43.5 (6.4) |
47.2 (8.4) |
53.8 (12.1) |
59.5 (15.3) |
64.0 (17.8) |
62.4 (16.9) |
57.4 (14.1) |
48.5 (9.2) |
39.8 (4.3) |
35.3 (1.8) |
48.9 (9.4) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | 27.6 (−2.4) |
30.4 (−0.9) |
34.5 (1.4) |
37.5 (3.1) |
45.5 (7.5) |
50.5 (10.3) |
57.3 (14.1) |
55.9 (13.3) |
49.0 (9.4) |
39.2 (4.0) |
30.2 (−1.0) |
26.2 (−3.2) |
24.8 (−4.0) |
Record low °F (°C) | 14 (−10) |
18 (−8) |
23 (−5) |
25 (−4) |
30 (−1) |
36 (2) |
44 (7) |
40 (4) |
35 (2) |
28 (−2) |
18 (−8) |
15 (−9) |
14 (−10) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 1.56 (40) |
1.44 (37) |
1.49 (38) |
0.72 (18) |
0.35 (8.9) |
0.07 (1.8) |
0.02 (0.51) |
0.00 (0.00) |
0.04 (1.0) |
0.46 (12) |
0.62 (16) |
1.36 (35) |
8.13 (208.21) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 8.3 | 8.1 | 6.8 | 4.5 | 2.5 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 2.8 | 6.7 | 8.7 | 49.7 |
Source 1: NOAA[19] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: National Weather Service[20] |
- Notes
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1880 | 269 | — | |
1890 | 942 | 250.2% | |
1900 | 2,929 | 210.9% | |
1910 | 4,829 | 64.9% | |
1920 | 5,888 | 21.9% | |
1930 | 7,028 | 19.4% | |
1940 | 8,234 | 17.2% | |
1950 | 10,028 | 21.8% | |
1960 | 10,133 | 1.0% | |
1970 | 15,179 | 49.8% | |
1980 | 20,958 | 38.1% | |
1990 | 30,897 | 47.4% | |
2000 | 41,686 | 34.9% | |
2010 | 53,967 | 29.5% | |
2020 | 57,990 | 7.5% | |
2022 (est.) | 58,470 | 0.8% | |
U.S. Decennial Census[21] |
2010
The
The Census reported that 53,068 people (98.3% of the population) lived in households, 283 (0.5%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 616 (1.1%) were institutionalized.
There were 17,492 households, out of which 8,053 (46.0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 9,088 (52.0%) were married couples living together, 2,833 (16.2%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,207 (6.9%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,315 (7.5%)
The population was spread out, with 16,731 people (31.0%) under the age of 18, 5,478 people (10.2%) aged 18 to 24, 14,764 people (27.4%) aged 25 to 44, 11,647 people (21.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 5,347 people (9.9%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.9 males.
There were 18,493 housing units at an average density of 1,114.8 per square mile (430.4/km2), of which 10,208 (58.4%) were owner-occupied, and 7,284 (41.6%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.4%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.6%. 31,109 people (57.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 21,959 people (40.7%) lived in rental housing units.
15.5% of the populace lived below the poverty line.
2000
As of the
Foreign-born residents accounted for 13.2% of Hanford's population and 28.3% spoke a language other than English at home.
There were 13,931 households, out of which 42.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.9% were married couples living together, 15.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.5% were non-families. 20.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.93 and the average family size was 3.39.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 31.6% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 18.6% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.3 males.
Economy
Hanford is a major trading center serving the surrounding agricultural area. According to the California Employment Development Department, as of September 2012, most residents of the Hanford-Corcoran Metropolitan Statistical Area were employed in services (31,000 employees), government (14,400 employees) and farming (6,400 employees) as well as in some manufacturing enterprises (5,700 employees).[23]
The heavy industry sector has declined significantly over the past 30 years.[when?] An oil refinery formerly operated in the city under several different owners (Caminol Oil Co. from 1932 to 1967, Beacon Oil Co. from 1967 to 1982 and Ultramar Oil Co. from 1982 to 1987) until it permanently closed in 1987.[24] A tire manufacturing plant was built in 1962 by the Armstrong Rubber Co., which operated it until that company was purchased by the Italian manufacturer Pirelli, which eventually closed the factory in 2001. In August 2017, Faraday Future announced that it had signed a lease for the former Pirelli plant where it plans to manufacture electric vehicles. The company said that it could employ up to 1,300 people over time and build up to 10,000 cars a year.[25][26]
Major employers within the city of Hanford in 2006 included the
The city was impacted by the Great Recession (2007–09) and employment was also affected by the California drought (2012–13). The unemployment rate in January 2016 was 10.3%. However, the rate had dropped to 7.9% in February 2020 at the eve of the COVID-19 pandemic. The unemployment rate had risen to 16.0% in April of that year.[28] According to the United States Census Bureau, median household income in Hanford was $54,767 and 18.3% of the population was living below the poverty line in 2008–2012.[29]
Arts and culture
The Kings Art Center was opened in 1989 to be the premier visual arts gallery and art training center of Kings County. It hosts gallery showings throughout the year, as well as art classes for adults and children.[30]
The Kings District Fair is a traditional county fair held on four days in mid-June at the Kings Fairgrounds.[31][32] The Renaissance of Kings Cultural Arts Faire[33] is held the first weekend of October at Courthouse Square in Hanford's city center. The event typically attracts 15,000 people over the two-day period.[34]
The Kings Symphony Orchestra[35] was founded in 1963 and draws musicians from throughout the central and southern San Joaquin Valley. The orchestra generally performs four times a year.
In 1903, steel magnate and philanthropist
The former Clark Center for Japanese Art and Culture had the mission of collecting, preserving and exhibiting works of fine art, primarily the arts of Japan. The center also housed a specialist library for Japanese art and culture. The Clark Center closed permanently on June 30, 2015. The art collection was moved to the
Chinese immigrants that arrived in the late 19th century created a thriving
Sports
Hanford is the site of the Hanford Criterium[39] bicycle races held on a Sunday in late March or early April. The 0.9-mile (1.4 km) hourglass style loop course is run on downtown streets. The Criterium is held under USA Cycling racing rules and permit.
Dirt track auto racing takes place at the Kings Speedway[40] from March through October. The track is a 3/8-mile semi-banked clay oval and is at the Kings Fairgrounds.
Government
Hanford is
The city council is made up of five members elected by districts for four-year terms. There are no term limits in effect. The mayor and vice mayor are elected annually by the city council from among its members. Council members include former mayors Lou Martinez, Diane Sharp, Kalish Marrow, and Hanford Vice Mayor Mark Kairis.[43] The current mayor is teacher and former Hanford Planning Commission Vice Chair Travis Paden following the 2022 California elections.[44]
Hanford's city manager is the chief administrative officer of the city and is responsible for the overall administrative direction of the city. The city manager's duties include development and implementation of the annual budget for approval by the city council. Mario Cifuentez II was appointed as the city manager in 2019.[45]
In the
Education
Hanford has 15 elementary schools, three junior high schools, four high schools with a total of 8,464 Kindergarten through 8th grade students and 3,522 high schoolers.
The Hanford Elementary School District provides kindergarten through eighth grade education for most of the city.[48] The Pioneer Union Elementary School District serves much of the northern part of Hanford.[49] Part of north Hanford is served by the Kings River-Hardwick School District.[50] The Hanford Joint Union High School District provides public secondary education. It operates Hanford Union High School, Hanford West High School, Sierra Pacific High School as well as Earl F. Johnson High School.
The College of the Sequoias operates an education center in Hanford as part of the Joint Educational Center that includes Sierra Pacific High School.[51]
Transportation
Kings Area Regional Transit (KART) operates regularly scheduled fixed route bus service, vanpool service for commuters and Dial-A-Ride (demand response) services throughout Kings County as well as to Fresno.[53] Hanford is also served by Orange Belt Stages.
Rail
Amtrak Thruway 18 provides a daily connection to Visalia on the east, and Santa Maria on the west, with several stops in between.[54]
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009-funded California High-Speed Rail has proposed a station. However, the proposed station on the eastern outskirts of Hanford is listed as "optional" and will not be built without matching local funds or in-kind support.
Air
The Hanford Municipal Airport serves general aviation and has a 5,175 feet (1,577 m) paved runway.
Utilities
- Water
The city's water system is supplied by a network of 14 active deep wells and one standby well ranging in depth from 600 feet (180 m) to 1,700 feet (520 m) with 203 miles (327 km) of main lines and serves 15,900 water connections.[55][56] Formerly, the water had contained naturally occurring arsenic in excess of the maximum contaminant level adopted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. However, according to the Consumer Confidence Report issued by the city of Hanford in March 2010 for calendar year 2009, since November 2009, the city has supplied water that is below the federal standard of 10 micrograms of arsenic per liter of water. Although it does not pose a health hazard, Hanford's drinking water also naturally contains hydrogen sulfide, which caused the water to have a noticeable "rotten egg" odor.[57] In February 2015, the city completed a project to chlorinate all of its water, to eliminate the odor.[58]
- Sanitation
The city's sanitary sewer system consists of 212 mi (341 km) of collector lines and 22 pump stations.[59] The wastewater treatment plant treats 5,000,000 U.S. gallons (19,000,000 liters) of sewage per day. The treated effluent is used to irrigate non-food crops.[60]
Sister city
Notable people
- Leslie Bassett was a Pulitzer Prize-winning composer who was born in Hanford.
- Florida Marlinswho was born in and attended high school in Hanford.
- National League MVPwho was born in Hanford.
- Tyson Chandler is a basketball player in the National Basketball Association (NBA) who was born in Hanford and grew up on a small farm there.
- Chris Cohan, a Cable TV executive; former owner of the Golden State Warriors, born in Hanford
- Calvin M. Dooley graduated from Hanford Union High School in 1972 and served in the U.S. House of Representativesfrom 1991 to 2005.
- Dameane Douglas was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) who was born in Hanford.
- Harlan F. Hagenlived in Hanford and served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1953 to 1967.
- Jermaine Haley is a football player who was born in Hanford.
- Tyler Henry, a self-proclaimed psychic medium with a 2016 E! reality series, grew up in Hanford.
- Ed Hill, songwriter and musician
- Tamara Keith, radio reporter, host and producer, was raised in Hanford.
- Bill Landis, baseball player on the 1967 American League champion Boston Red Sox.
- Mark Lee was a cornerback in the National Football League who played for the Green Bay Packers and was born in Hanford.
- Melinda Lira, American Idolseason 5 semi-finalist, was born in Hanford.
- Pauline Lord, actress, was born in Hanford.
- Ruth MacLeod, writer, born in Hanford.
- Chad Mendes, UFC fighter.
- May Merrill Miller, an American writer best known for her novel First the Blade which offers a unique view of the domestic life of California pioneers as well as on the Mussel Slough Tragedy, was born in Hanford.
- Richard C. Miller, photographer, a native of Hanford.
- Lorenzo Neal, a 3-time Pro Bowl fullback in the NFL, was born in Hanford.
- Scott Parker, one of the few California-born hockey players to play in the NHL.
- Governor of Alaska, was born in Hanford.
- Steve Perry is a rock singer with the band Journey who was born in Hanford.
- Slim Pickens, cowboy and actor, grew up in Hanford.
- Phillip Pine, actor, was born in Hanford.
- Poor Man's Poison, American folk band based in Hanford.
- Jessica Gao, television writer and producer, was born in Hanford.
- J. G. Quintel, creator of Regular Show, was born in Hanford and went to Hanford High School.
- James Rainwater, physicist and co-winner of the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physics, lived in Hanford as a child and graduated from Hanford High School.
- Matt Shively, actor on True Jackson, VP, was born and grew up in Hanford.
- Bill Simas, pitcher for the Chicago White Sox, was born in Hanford.
- Jewerl Thomas is a former professional National Football League football player who played running back for five seasons for the Los Angeles Rams, Kansas City Chiefs, and San Diego Chargers He graduated from Hanford High School.
- David Valadao, elected to the U.S House of Representatives in 2012, was born and raised in Hanford.
- 16th district, currently lives in Hanford.
- Jan-Michael Vincent, actor, moved to Hanford with his family as a teenager, and graduated from Hanford High School.
- Cornelius Warmerdam, longtime pole vault world record holder, grew up in Hanford.
- Marlboro manand was born in Hanford.
- Delbert Wong(1920–2006), first judge of Chinese-American descent in the continental United States, was born in Hanford.
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