Hangar
A hangar is a building or structure designed to hold aircraft or spacecraft. Hangars are built of metal, wood, or concrete. The word hangar comes from Middle French hanghart ("enclosure near a house"), of Germanic origin, from Frankish *haimgard ("home-enclosure", "fence around a group of houses"), from *haim ("home, village, hamlet") and gard ("yard"). The term, gard, comes from the Old Norse garðr ("enclosure, garden").
Hangars are used for protection from the weather, direct sunlight and for maintenance, repair, manufacture, assembly and storage of aircraft.
History
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The
As aviation became established in Britain before World War I, standard designs of hangar gradually appeared with military types too such as the
Construction
Steel construction
Sheds built for rigid airships survive at
Hangar 1, Lakehurst, is located at
The largest hangars ever built include the
Wood construction
The
Fabric construction
A hangar for Cargolifter was built at
An alternative to the fixed hangar is a portable shelter that can be used for aircraft storage and maintenance. Portable fabric structures can be built up to 215 ft (66 m) wide, 100 ft (30 m) high and any length. They are able to accommodate several aircraft and can be increased in size and even relocated when necessary.[citation needed]
Structures and sizes
Hangars need special structures to be built. The width of the doors have to be large; this includes the aircraft entrance. The bigger the aircraft to be introduced, the more complex a structure is needed. According to the span of the hangar, sizes can be classified thus:
Size | Span (meters) |
---|---|
S | Less than 30 m |
M | 30–60 m |
L | 60–90 m |
XL | 90–120 m |
XXL | More than 120 m |
XXL hangars are built for the largest aircraft in the world like the Airbus A380, Boeing 747 and the Antonov 225, which are the most complex to erect.[4]
Regulation
Hangars are usually regulated by the building codes in the countries and jurisdictions and airports where they reside. In August 2014, the American FAA proposed legislation of how a hangar can be used on airfields that receive government funding. The definition of allowed activities included final assembly of aircraft.[5]
Examples
Airship hangars
Hangars aboard ships
Many warships carry aircraft and will often have hangars for storage and maintenance. Such hangars may be situated adjacent to the flight deck on cruisers, destroyers and frigates or underneath the flight deck with elevators to lift the aircraft on aircraft carriers and amphibious assault ships. On some vessels where space is short the hangar and flight deck share the same space, with the hangar stowing away for flight operations.
Hangar homes
A hangar home[citation needed] is a residence that includes a hangar attached or integrated into the house, where the owner is able to park their privately owned aircraft. Hangar Homes are usually found in residential airparks.
Gallery
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Hangars can holdrotary-wing aircraft (helicopters), and lighter-than-air ships.
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Hangar No. 2 at the former Marine Corps Air Station Tustin is 1,072 ft (327 m) long, 292 ft (89 m) wide and 192 ft (59 m) tall.
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An Airbus A319 undergoing maintenance in a hangar.
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Hangars forImperial Russian Air Force in Tallinn harbor - some of the first reinforced concretestructures
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AHardened Aircraft Shelter, a special type of hangar
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Helicopter hangar of the German research vesselPolarstern
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A medium-sized aircraft hangar atKemble Airport, England
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Hangar of Iberia Airlines (XXL-150m span)Barcelona Airport, Spain
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Round concrete hangars at Grimbergen Airfield, Belgium.
See also
- Bellman hangar (temporary hangar designed in the United Kingdom in 1936)
- Bessonneau hangar (portable timber and canvas hangar used during World War I)
- Blister hangar (arched portable hangar patented in 1939)
- Archerfield Second World War Igloos Hangar Complex (from February 1943 by the Allied Works Council)
- Double cantilever hangar
- Hangar 18
- Hangar-7
- Langley Aerodrome
- B-36 Peacemakeraircraft
- Military building
- Tee hangar (primarily used for private aircraft at general aviation airports)
- Type-C hangar, built by the Royal Air Force during its Expansion Period (1934 to 1939)
- Underground hangar
- Eagle 44
- Vehicle Assembly Building, the largest spacecraft hangar ever to exist
References
- ISSN 0161-7370.
- ^ Building the Navy's Bases in World War II, History of the Bureau of Yards and Docks and the Civil Engineer Corps, 1940-1946. Vol. Part II: The Continental Bases. Archived from the original on 24 September 2012 – via Navy Department Library.
- ^ "Hangar 1". Navair Lakehurst. Archived from the original on 24 September 2012. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
- ^ "Listado de referencias". Mallas Espaciales (in Spanish). Asteca Estructurales Espaciales. Archived from the original on 14 July 2011. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
- ^ "FAA issues draft Hangar Use Policy". Sport Aviation: 11. September 2014.
Further reading
Francis, Paul (1996) ‘British Military Airfield Architecture – From Airships to the Jet Age’ (Patrick Stephens Ltd, Sparkford, Somerset,
External links
- Marine Corps Air Station, Tustin at the California Military Museum website
- Photo history of British hangars
- Type T2 Hangar Functional Standards Archived 2011-01-25 at the Wayback Machine
- Bellman Hangar Functional Standards Archived 2011-09-19 at the Wayback Machine
- German Hangar