Haplogroup T-M184

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the human Y-chromosome haplogroup T-M184. For the unrelated human mtDNA Haplogroup, see Haplogroup T (mtDNA).
Haplogroup T-M184
Antemoro (Madagascar
);

Haplogroup T-M184, also known as Haplogroup T, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. The unique-event polymorphism that defines this clade is the single-nucleotide polymorphism known as M184.[4]

Detailed representation of the presence of Haplogroup T in Europe and surrounding areas.

T-M184 is unusual in that it is both geographically widespread and relatively rare.

T1 (T-L206) – the numerically dominant primary branch of T-M184 – appears to have originated in Western Asia, and possibly spread from there into East Africa, South Asia, Europe and adjoining regions. T1* may have expanded with the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B
culture (PPNB).

Subclades of T-M70 appear to have been present in Europe since the Neolithic with Neolithic Farmers from Western Asia. The moderately high frequency (~18%) of T1b* chromosomes in the Lemba of southern Africa supports the hypothesis of a West Asian origin for their paternal line.[5]

Structure

Subclade structure of Haplogroup T (M184).[6]
  • T1 (L206)
    • T1a (M70/Page46/PF5662)
      • T1a1 (L162/Page21, L454)
        • T1a1a (L208/Page2)
          • T1a1a1 (CTS11451)
          • T1a1a2 (Y16897)
            • T1a1a2a (Z19963)
      • T1a2 (L131)
        • T1a2a (PH141/Y13244)
        • T1a2b (L446)
      • T1a3 (FGC1350/Y11151 )
        • T1a3a (Y11675/Z9798)
        • T1a3b (FGC1340/Y8614)
  • T2 (PH110)

Distribution

Overview

As a primary branch of

T1
(T-L206) and T2 (T-PH110). Most males who now belong to haplogroup T1* carry the subclade T-M70 (T1a), a primary branch of T-M206.

Haplogroup T is found at exceptionally high levels amongst the

Nenets and Kazakhs (especially Momyns and Argyns) in Siberia/Central Asia. [citation needed
]

The maximal worldwide frequency for haplogroup T-M184 is 100%, amongst Dir clan Somaliland males (Iacovacci et al. 2016).[8] It accounts for approximately 82.4% of Somali male lineages overall in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia (Plaster et al. 2011).[10] Geographically, it is found at the highest levels in the Dire Dawa area of Ethiopia,[10] and Djibouti.[8]

Luis et al. (2004) suggest that the presence of T on the African continent may, like R1* representatives, point to an older introduction from Asia. The

E-V38, G and J NRY lineages may have overwhelmed the T-M184 clade-bearers in certain localities.[11]

Prevalence of T-M184 in Armenians from Sasun

T-M184, which is relatively rare in other Near Eastern populations, as well as in three ... Armenian collections tested here, represents the most prominent [patrilineal] descent in Sasun, comprising 20.1% of the samples. The presence of this haplogroup in Ararat Valley, Gardman and Lake Van, by contrast, is more limited, composing only 3.6%, 6.3% and 3.9%, respectively, of the individuals from those collections.[...] Sasun, however, exhibits statistically significant divergence from the remaining Armenian populations, most likely as the result of the prominence in Sasun of lineages (T-M184 and R2a-M124) found at substantially lower frequencies in Ararat Valley, Gardman and Lake Van.

Kristian J Herrera, 2012

In the

Eastern Africa, it makes up to 4% of the population on Upper Egypt peaking up to 10% in Luxor
.

Haplogroup T is uncommon in Europe, except in

Republic of Adygea
.

T1 (T*)

Population Language Location Sample size Percentage Source Notes
Berbers Siwi (Berber)
Sejenane
 1/47 2.1% [13]
Syrians Unspecified Syria 1/95 1.1% [5]
Macedonians
Balto-Slavic
)		 Macedonia 1/201 0.5% [14] Macedonians Orthodox Christians
Main article: Haplogroup T-L206

T1 is the most common descent of T-M184 haplogroup, being the lineage of more than 95% of all Eurasian T-M184 members. One of their descent lineages is found in high frequencies among northern

Somali clans. However, it appears to have originated somewhere around the Eastern Mediterranean Basin, perhaps somewhere between Israel to the Jordan Valley.[15]

The basal T1* subclade appears to have spread to northeastern Anatolia, from the

Macedonia.[5][13][14]

Initial research into T1a (T-M70; previously known as K2)

K2-M70 is believed to have originated in Asia after the emergence of the K-M9 polymorphism (45–30 ky) (Underhill et al. 2001a). As deduced from the collective data (Underhill et al. 2000; Cruciani et al. 2002; Semino et al. 2002; present study), K2-M70 individuals, at some later point, proceeded south to Africa. While these chromosomes are seen in relatively high frequencies in Egypt, Oman, Tanzania, Ethiopia, they are especially prominent in the Fulbe 18%( [Scozzari et al. 1997, 1999])

J. R. Luis et al. 2004, [11]

T1a (M70)

Mendez et al. (2011) points to an ancient presence for T1a-M70 in Europe may reflect early exiles between the ancient lands of Israel and Babylon. The subclade probably arrived with the very first farmers.[5]

T1a1*

Pityusans: one of three genetically distinct populations in the Balearic Islands

The population of the Pityusic Islands does present a clear genetic divergence in relation to the Mallorcan and Menorcan populations. Neither shows a confluence with the Catalan and Valencian populations like do the Mallorcan and Menorcan. With the comparison of the data provided by the Pityusic population with other circumediterranean populations surprises that practically there is no convergence with any of these populations, not even with the North African populations. The Pityusic case is paradigmatic: for some markers shows affinities with Oriental populations (some mtDNA variables), but diverges from these populations when considering other markers. It is a separate case, an island, not in the geographical sense but genetical.

Misericòrdia Ramon Juanpere et al., 1998-2004

The Pityusans of the Pityusic Islands (Ibiza and Formentera) – have been found by three different studies to possess T1a1 at relatively high levels of 6.7–16.7%. Tomàs et al. (2006) found three cases amongst a sample of 45 (6.7%).[16] Zalloua et al. (2008) found nine examples that were L454+ (an SNP equivalent to L162/Page21) from a sample of 54 (i.e. a rate of 16.7%).[17][18] Rodriguez et al. (2009) found seven cases of L454+ in a sample of 96 (7.3%).[19]

The Pontic Greeks of Anatolia are also reported to possess T1a1. In 2009, a male with the surname Metaxopoulos and a Pontic Greek background was reported to be T-L162(xL208) – according to the Y-Chromosome Genome Comparison Project administered by Adriano Squecco.[citation needed] Greeks from the Fatsa (originally "Φάτσα") reportedly migrated in antiquity from Sinope, which was itself colonised by Ionians (from Miletus). Another ancient Ionian colony in north-west Anatolia, Lámpsakos (Lampsacus), had onomastic links to the Pityusic Islands (see above) – Lámpsakos was originally an Ionian colony known as Pityussa.

T1a1a (L208)

This lineage, formed 14,200-11,000 BP, is the largest branch downstream T1a1-L162. IS RELALTED TO VIKING AND INDOEUROPEANS "L208" at November 2009.

T1a1a1a1b1a1* (T-Y3782*)

One

Sardinian male from a sample of 187 (a nominal rate of 0.53%) – a resident of the Province of Cagliari (Sardinian: Casteddu) – has been found to have T-Y3782(xY3836), also known T1a1a1a1b1a1(xT1a1a1a1b1a1a).[20]

T1a1a1a1b1a1a (T-Y3836)

T-Y3836 Phylogeny. Using 19 Y-STR markers.

This lineage is mostly found among individuals from the Iberian Peninsula, where the subclade also has its highest diversity. Two subclades can be clearly discriminated. The first, found mainly in post-colonial Puerto Rico, with DYS391=10 and the second, found mainly in Panamá where their Iberian descendants could have the entrance point to America, with DYS439=12.

Some members of Y3836 are found among different communities of the Sephardic diaspora but they are found to be extremely rare in the total percentage of some of these communities as seen in Nogueiro et al. This probably could mean that these members could be integrated by these communities through the contact with other native Iberian populations as seen in Monteiro et al. where this lineage was found among native

Astur-Leonese
speakers.

Population Language Location Members/Sample size Percentage Source Notes
Panamanians Panamian Castilian (Romance languages) Los Santos Province 1/30 3.3% [21]
Colombians Colombian Castilian (Romance languages) Caldas 2/75 2.7% YHRD Mestizo individuals
Panamanians Panamian Castilian (Romance languages)
Panama Province
 1/43 2.3% [21]
Northwest
Argentinians
Argentinian Castilian (Romance languages
)		 Mountainous region of Jujuy 1/50 2% [22] YHRD Admixed population
Puerto Ricans Puerto Rican Castilian (Romance languages) Southeast Puerto Rico 2/110 1.8% [23]
Northeastern Portuguese Jews
Romance
)		 Bragança, Argozelo, Carção, Mogadouro, and Vilarinho dos Galegos 1/57 1.8% [24][25][26]
Native Mirandese speakers
Romance
)
Miranda de l Douro
 1/58 1.7% [27][28]
Dominicans Dominican Castilian (Romance languages) Dominican Republic 4/261 1.5% [29]
Panamanians Panamian Castilian (Romance languages) Chiriquí Province 1/92 1.1% [21]
Mecklenburgers East Low Saxon (West Germanic) Rostock 2/200 1% [30]
Mestizos
 Colombian Castilian (Romance languages) Bogotá 2/195 1% YHRD
Mestizos
 Colombian Castilian (Romance languages)
Valle del Cauca
 1/103 1% YHRD
Mestizos
 Ecuadorian Castilian (Romance languages) Quito 1/102 1% [31]
Venezuelans Venezuelan Castilian (Romance languages) Maracaibo 1/111 0.9% [32]
Venezuelans Venezuelan Castilian (Romance languages) Central Region 1/115 0.9% [33]
Europeans
 Brazilian Portuguese (Romance languages) São Paulo 1/120 0.8 YHRD European descents
Ecuadorians Ecuadorian Castilian (Romance languages) Quito 1/120 0.8% [34]
Colombians Colombian Castilian (Romance languages) Antioquia 6/777 0.7% [35]
Mexicans Mexican Castilian (Romance languages)
Mérida
 1/159 0.6% YHRD Mestizo individuals
Eastern Andalusians Andalusian (Romance) Alhama de Granada, Baza, Huéscar, Loja, Montefrío and Órgiva 1/180 0.6% [36]
Colombians Colombian Castilian (Romance languages) Santander 1/193 0.5% YHRD Mestizo individuals
Chileans Chilean Castilian (Romance languages)
Concepción
 1/198 0.5% YHRD
Catalans
 Not reported Metropolitan area of Barcelona 1/224 0.5% [37]
Mexicans Mexican Spanish (Romance languages) Guadalajara 1/246 0.4% YHRD Mestizo individuals
Europeans
 Brazilian Portuguese (Romance languages) Rio Grande do Sul 1/255 0.4% [38]

T2 (PH110)

 This lineage could have arrived in the Levant through the PPNB expansion from northeastern Anatolia.

A 2014 study found T-PH110 in one ethnic

Bhutanese male, out of a sample of 21, possibly implying a rate of 4.8% in Bhutan.[39]
Also have been found in a German individual and another two from Caucasus. The Bhutanese and the German haplotypes seems to cluster together.

Possible cases from older research

Population Language Location Members/Sample size Percentage Source Notes
Altaians
Altai (Turkic
)		 Kurmach-Baygol 2/11 18.2% [40] K* (xT1a-M70, L-M20, N-DYF155S2, O-M175, P-92R7)
Altaians
Altai (Turkic
)		 Turochak 2/19 10.5% [40] K(xT1a-M70, L-M20, N-DYF155S2, O-M175, P-92R7)
Leoneses
Astur-Leonese (Romance
)		 Leon 1/13 7.7% [41][42] K(xT1a-M70, L1-M22, P-92R7)
Ossetian Irons
Iron (Iranian
)		 South Ossetia 1/21 4.8% [41][43] No further details available.
Cordobeses
Romance
)		 Córdoba 1/27 3.7% [41][44] No further details available.
Leoneses
Astur-Leonese (Romance
)		 Leon 2/60 3.3% [41][44] No further details available.
Tharus Tharu (Indo-Aryan)
Morang
 1/37 2.7% [45] K(xT1a-M70, L-M20, NO-M214, P-M74)
Cherkessians Besleney (Northwest Caucasian) Circassia 2/126 1.6% [41][43] No further details are available.
Bizkaians
Isolate language
)
Bizkaia
 1/72 1.4% [41][44] No further details are available.
Europeans
 English (Germanic) Australia 1/1078 0.09% [46] No further details are available.

Modern geographical distribution

Northern Asia

Population Language Location Members/Sample size Percentage Source Notes
Kazakhs Kazakh (Turkic) Southwestern Altai 1/30 3.3% [47] T1a-M70
Evens Even (Tungusic) eastern Siberia 1/61 1.6% [48]
Barghuts Barga (Mongolic) different localities of
Hulun Buir Aimak
 1/76 1.3% [48] T1a-M70. In the 12–13th centuries, the Barga (Barghuts) Mongols appeared as tribes near Lake Baikal, named Bargujin.

Europe

Population Language Location Members/Sample size Percentage Source Notes
Marchigianos
Marchigiano dialect
(Italian)		 Arquata del Tronto and Apiro 2/2 100% [49]
Aegeans
 Southeastern Greek Crete and southern Aegean 2/6 33.3% [50]
Rural Saccensi
Romance
)		 Sciacca 6/20 30% [51]
Chians
 Southeastern Greek Khíos 4/16 25% [52]
Stilfser (Tyrolese)
Southern Austro-Bavarian
(German)		 Stilfs, South Tyrol, Italy 4/17 23.5% [53]
Sephardic Levites 7/31 22.6% [54] Among Ashkenazi Levites found at 3.3% but different haplotype.
Venetians
Romance
)		 Vigasio and Povegliano Veronese 2/9 22.2% [55]
Abruzzesi
Romance
)		 L'Aquila 6/30 20% [56] macro-haplogroup LT is 30% in L'Aquila population. This was the land of Samnium inhabited by the Caraceni
Cretans
Cretan Greek
 Lasithi 9/50 18% [57] According to Martinez2007 only can belong to T1a-M70
Sicilians
Romance
)		 Sciacca 5/28 17.9% [58]
Urban Ragusani
Romance
)
Ragusa
 3/19 15.8% [51]
Northeastern Portuguese Jews
Romance
)		 Bragança, Argozelo, Carção, Mogadouro, and Vilarinho dos Galegos 9/57 15.7% [24][25][26] T have been found to be the second largest lineage in the Mirandês speaking population of Miranda do Douro too. Haplogroup T was not found in a sample of Belmonte Jews.
Albanians Albanian
Lombardia
)		 12/83 14.5% [59] The haplogroup tested is K*(xNOP), is assumed as LT and most probably are members of T
Rural Normensi Italian (
Romance
)		 Norma 1/7 14.3% [51]
Corsicans
Romance
)		 Balagne (region of Corsica suprana) 3/24 12.5% [60]
Rural Piazzesi
Romance
)		 Piazza Armerina 3/24 12.5% [51]
Frosinonensis
Romance
)		 Filettino 2/17 11.8% [61] Isolated mountain community
Vellepetrianis
Romance
)		 Vallepietra 2/18 11.1% [61] Isolated mountain community
Cantabrians
Astur-Leonese (Romance
)		 Cantabria 2/18 11.1% [62] All individuals were interviewed in order to assess the geographical origin of their grandparents and their speaking dialect.
Marchigianos
Romance
)		 Matelica 1/9 11.1% [49]
Gaditanos
Romance
)		 Cádiz 3/28 10.7% [63]
Native Mirandese speakers
Romance
)
Miranda de l Douro
 6/58 10.4% [27][28]
Pacenses
Romance
)		 Badajoz 3/29 10.3% [42]
Asturianos
Romance
)		 Eastern
Uviéu
 1/10 10% [64]
Murcianos
Romance
)		 Murcia 1/10 10% [65]
Aquilanis
Romance
)		 Cappadocia 5/54 9.3% [61] Isolated mountain community
Rural Alcamesi
Romance
)		 Alcamo 2/22 9.1% [51]
Cretans
Cretan Greek
 Lasithi 2/23 8.7% [66]
Tuscans
Romance
)		 La Spezia / Massa 2/24 8.3% [56]
Lugueses
Romance
)		 Lugo 1/12 8.3% [42]
Campanians Neapolitan language (Romance) West Campania 7/84 8.3% [67]
Campanians Neapolitan language (Romance) Cilento 4/48 8.3% [57]
Sicilians
Romance
)		 Alcamo 2/24 8.3% [58]
Lebaniegos
Romance
)		 Liébana 3/37 8.1% [68]
Corsicans
Romance
)		 Corte (region of Corsica suprana) 5/62 8.1% [60]
Segovianos
Romance
)		 Segovia 2/25 8% [42]
Marchigianos
Romance
)		 Offida 3/38 7.9% [69]
Sicilians
Romance
)		 East Sicily 9/114 7.9% [58]
Saracinescanis
Romance
)		 Saracinesco 2/18 7.7% [61] Isolated mountain community
Croats Croatian (West Slavic) Mljet Island 3/39 7.7% [70]
Northern Portugueses
Romance
)		 Vila Real 3/39 7.7% [71]
Materanis
Romance
)		 Matera and Policoro 4/52 7.7% [72]
Campanians Neapolitan language (Romance) Campania 8/108 7.4% [73]
Cretans
Cretan Greek
Oropedio Lasithiou
 3/41 7.3% [66]
Latinensis Neapolitan language (Romance) (Romance) Norma and Sezze 3/41 7.3% [72]
Sicilians
Romance
)
Ragusa
 2/28 7.1% [58]
Sicilians
Romance
)		 Piazza Armerina 2/28 7.1% [58]
Sicilians
Romance
)		 Trapani 3/43 7% [60]
Ligurians
Romance
)		 La Spezia 3/43 7% [72]
Leccesis
Salentino language (Romance
)		 Vaste and Ugento 3/46 6.5% [72]
Walloons Walloon (Romance) Wallonia 3/47 6.4% [74]
Ascolanis
Marchigiano (Romance
)		 Offida and Ascoli Piceno 3/47 6.4% [72]
Asturianos
Romance
)		 Navia-Eo 2/31 6.5% [64]
Gagauzes Gagauz (Turkic) Kongaz 3/48 6.3%
Solàndris Solànder (Rhaeto-Romance) Val de Sól 4/65 6.2% [75]
Northern Portuguese Portuguese (Romance) Aveiro 4/66 6.1%
Western Andalusians Andalusian (Romance) Huelva 10/167 6% [36]
Aragonese Aragonese and Castilian (Romance)
Aragón
 2/34 5.9%
Corsicans Corsican Corsica 2/34 5.9%
Panteschis Sicilian with Siculo-Arabic influences (Romance) Pantelleria 1/17 5.9% [76]
Extremadurans
Astur-Leonese and Castilian (Romance
)		 Extremadura 3/52 5.8%
Bulgarians Bulgarian language (South Slavic languages) Unspecified Bulgarian region 4/69 5.8% [77]
Tuscans
 Tuscan (Romance) Tuscany 3/53 5.7% [78]
Dutch
West Germanic
)		 North Holland 1/18 5.6%
Lombardians
 Lombard and Italian (Romance)
Lombardia
 1/18 5.6% [60]
Sicilians Sicilian (Romance) Mazara del Vallo 1/18 5.6%
Southern Italians Italian (Romance) South Apulia 4/71 5.6%
Asturians
Astur-Leonese (Romance
)
Asturies
 4/74 5.4% [79]
Sicilians Sicilian (Romance) South Sicily 3/55 5.4%
Lombardians
 Lombard and Italian (Romance)
Lombardia
 7/131 5.3%
Hutterites
 Austro-Bavarian (Upper German) South
Tyrol
 4/75 5.3% [80]
Peloponnesians Southern Greek Peloponnese 1/19 5.3% [50]
Gutes
North Germanic
)		 Gotland 2/40 5%
Alsatians
Alsatian (Upper German
)		 Strossburi 4/80 5%
Asturians
Astur-Leonese (Romance
)
Asturies
 1/20 5%
Italian speakers Italian (Romance) Bozen 3/59 5%
Ladin Stilfser/Tyrolese Ladin (Romance) Stelvio 1/20 5%
Gaditanos
Romance
)
Cadiz
 1/20 5% [42]
Malacitanos
Romance
)		 Málaga 1/20 5% [42]
Macedonians and Thracians Northern Greek East Macedonia and Thrace 1/21 4.8% [50]
Bulgarians Bulgarian language (South Slavic languages) Razgrad 1/21 4.8% [77]
Northeastern Portuguese Portuguese (Romance) Trás os Montes 3/64 4.7%
Corsicans Gallurese (Romance languages) Tempiu 4/86 4.7% [20]
Sardinians
 Sassarese (Romance) Sassari 2/43 4.7% [60]
Jennesis
Romance
)		 Jenne 3/65 4.6% [61] Isolated mountain community
Aretuseis
Romance
)		 Buccheri 1/22 4.6% [72]
Casteddammaresis
Romance
)		 Casteddammari 1/22 4.6% [72]
Sicilians Sicilian (Romance) East Sicily 4/87 4.6%
Western Andalusians Andalusian (Romance) Huelva 1/22 4.5% [63]
West Andalusians Andalusian (Romance)
Sevilla
 7/155 4.5% [63]
Galicians Galician (Romance) Santiago 2/46 4.4%
Palentinos
Romance
)		 Palencia 1/23 4.4% [42]
Catalans
Romance
)		 Aragó 1/23 4.4% [81]
Ligurians
Romance
)		 Central Liguria 2/45 4.4% [69]
Catalans
Romance
)		 Penedès 7/164 4.3% [81]
Greeks Greek Athens 4/92 4.3%
Northern Portuguese Portuguese Beira Litoral 5/116 4.3%
Ligurians
Romance
)		 La Spezia 2/46 4.3% [69]
South Italians
Salentino (Romance
)		 North Apulia 2/46 4.3%
Cantabrians
Astur-Leonese (Romance
)		 Cantabria 3/70 4.3% [63]
Cimbrians
 Cimbrian (West Germanic languages) Lessinia 1/24 4.2% [75]
Pincianos
Romance
)		 Valladolid 1/24 4.2% [42]
Croats Croatian (West Slavic) Zadar Hinterland 1/25 4% [70]
Macedonians Northern Greek Central Macedonia 1/25 4% [50]
Madrileños
Romance
)		 Madrid 2/50 4% [42]
Germans German (West Germanic) Berlin 4/103 3.9%
Northern Portuguese Portuguese (Romance) Braga 2/51 3.9%
Beneventanis Neapolitan language (Romance)
San Giorgio la Molara
 1/26 3.9% [72]
Tuscans
 Tuscan (Romance) South Tuscany 3/79 3.8%
Riojans Riojan and Castilian (Romance)
La Rioja
 2/54 3.7% [62]
Marchigianos
Marchigiano (Romance
)
Apennines Marche
 1/27 3.7%
Calabrians
Romance
)		 West Calabria 1/27 3.7% [69]
Urban Biellesi
Romance
)		 Bièla 3/81 3.7% [51]
Ukrainians Ukrainian (East Slavic) Kharkiv Oblast 2/55 3.6% [82]
Native Sayaguese speakers
Romance
)		 Sayago 1/28 3.6% [27]
Galicians Galician (Romance) Montes Baixo Miño 1/28 3.6%
Corsicans
Romance
)		 Ajaccio (region of Corsica sutana) 1/28 3.6% [60]
Sardinians
 Sardinian (Romance) Sassari and Orgosolo 2/56 3.6% [83]
Southern Portugueses Portuguese (Romance) Évora 1/29 3.5%
Cretans
Cretan Greek
Khania
 1/29 3.5% [57]
Canarians
 Canarian Spanish (Romance) La Palma 3/85 3.5%
Scanians
Scanian dialects (South Scandinavian
)		 Malmö 1/29 3.4%
Auvergnats
Auvergnat (Romance
)		 Clermont-Ferrand 3/89 3.4%
Azoreans Portuguese (Romance) Eastern Azores 3/87 3.4% [84]
Asturians
Astur-Leonese (Romance
)
Uviéu
 6/182 3.3% [79]
Galicians Galician (Romance) Lugo 2/61 3.3%
Albanians Albanian dialects Albania 1/30 3.3%
Northeastern Portuguese Portuguese (Romance) Bragança 1/30 3.3% [24]
Northern Portuguese Portuguese (Romance) Viseu 1/30 3.3%
Northern Portuguese Portuguese (Romance) Guarda 1/30 3.3%
Catanzaresis
southern Calabrese (Romance
)		 Catanzaro 1/30 3.3% [72]
Sicilians Sicilian (Romance) West Sicily 4/122 3.3%
Leoneses
Romance
)		 Leon 7/221 3.2% [42]
Lithuanians Aukštaitian (Baltic) West Aukstaiciai 1/31 3.2%
Euboeans Thessalian (Hellenic) Euboea 3/93 3.2% [72]
Greeks Northern Greek Western Greece 1/31 3.2% [50]
Campanians
Romance
)		 San Giorgio La Molara 1/31 3.2% [69]
Valencians Catalan and Castilian (Romance)
Valencia
 1/31 3.2% [63]
Southern Tyroleans
Southern Austro-Bavarian (Upper German
)		 Lower Vinschgau 1/32 3.1%
Rhinelanders
Central Franconian
)
Köln
 3/96 3.1%
Swedes
East Scandinavian
)		 Örebro 1/32 3.1%
Cantabrians
Astur-Leonese (Romance
)		 Cantabria 3/98 3.1% [85]
Albaceteño
Romance
)		 Albacete 1/32 3.1% [42]
Portuguese Portuguese (Romance) Madeira 4/129 3.1%
Asturianos
Romance
)		 Asturias 1/33 3% [42]
Lentinesi
Romance
)		 Lentini 1/33 3% [72]
Shetlanders with Aboriginal surnames
Germanic
)		 Shetland 1/35 2.9% Shetland Project
Aretuseis
Romance
)		 Siracusa 4/138 2.9% [72]
Baslers Basel German (West Germanic) Basel-Stadt 18/643 2.8% [79]
Russians Russian (East Slavic) Smolensk Oblast 3/107 2.8% [82]
Gienenses
Romance
)		 Jaen 1/36 2.8% [42]
Native Alistano speakers
Romance
)
Aliste
 1/36 2.8% [27]
Germans German (Germanic) Germany 1/37 2.7% Karafet15
Russians Russian (East Slavic) Oryol Oblast 3/110 2.7% [82]
Macedonians
Balto-Slavic
)		 Macedonia 4/150 2.7% [86]
Azoreans Portuguese (Romance) Central Azores 2/76 2.6% [84]
Augustanis
Romance
)		 Augusta 1/38 2.6% [72]
Czechs Czech (West Slavic) Vysočina Region 1/40 2.5% [87]
Fiemmeses
Romance
)		 Val de Fiem 1/41 2.4% [75]
Flemish Dutch (West Germanic) Turnhout 1/42 2.4% [88] "1675" data set
Russians Russian (East Slavic) Oryol Oblast 1/42 2.4%
Bulgarians Bulgarian language (South Slavic languages) Haskovo 1/41 2.4% [77]
Genoese Tabarkini
Ligurian (Romance languages
)		 U Pàize 1/41 2.4% [89]
Genoese Tabarkini
Ligurian (Romance languages
)		 U Pàize 1/48 2.1% [90]
Flemish Dutch (West Germanic) Tongeren 1/43 2.3% [91] T1a1a-L208
Sardinians
 Sardinian, Corsican (Romance) Sardinia 28/1204 2.3% [92]
Croats Croatian (West Slavic) Dubrovnik 4/179 2.2% [70]
Russians Russian (East Slavic) Kursk Oblast 1/45 2.2% [82]
Sardinians
Gallurese (Romance
)
Gaddùra
 1/46 2.2% [60]
Sardinians
 Sardinian (Romance) Sardinia 27/1204 2.2% [92]
Belvederesi
Romance
)		 Belvedere Marittimo 1/45 2.2% [72]
Fascians Fascian (Rhaeto-Romance) Fascia 1/47 2.1% [75]
Russians Russian (East Slavic) Lipetsk Oblast 1/47 2.1%
Ukrainians Ukrainian (East Slavic) Chernihiv Raion 2/96 2.1% [82]
Sardinians
Campidanese (Romance
)		 Trexenta 1/47 2.1% [60]
Sardinians
Logudorese (Romance languages
)		 Benetuti 1/48 2.1% [90]
Lithuanians Aukštaitian (Baltic) western Aukštaitija 1/50 2% [82]
Ukrainians Ukrainian (East Slavic) Sumy Oblast 2/101 2% [82]
Zamoranos
Romance
)		 Campos - Pan 1/50 2% [27]
Southwestern
Almerians
 Andalusian (Romance) Laujar de Andarax, Ohanes, Berja and Adra 1/50 2% [93]
Alpujarreños Andalusian (Romance) Alpujarra de la Sierra 1/50 2%
Corinthians Ionian-Peloponesian and Albanian (Hellenic) Corinthia 2/104 1.9% [72]
Macedonians
Balto-Slavic
)		 Macedonia 4/211 1.9% [94]
Sardinians
Campidanese (Romance languages
)		 Sòrgono 2/103 1.9% [20]
Catalans
Romance language
)		 Camp de Tarragona 4/214 1.9% [81]
Ukrainians Ukrainian (East Slavic) Cherkasy Raion 2/114 1.8% [82]
Adigeses Italian (
Romance
)
Val d'Adige
 1/56 1.8% [75]
Bosch surname members
Romance language
)
Països Catalans
 1/56 1.8% [95]
Basques
Isolate language
)		 Southwestern Gipuzkoa 1/57 1.8% [62]
Basques
Isolate language
)		 Gipuzkoa 1/58 1.7% [96]
Flemish Dutch (West Germanic) North Brabant 2/119 1.7% [88] "1775" data set
Bulgarians Bulgarian language (South Slavic languages) Sofia 1/59 1.7% [77]
Bulgarians Bulgarian language (South Slavic languages) Lovech 1/62 1.6% [77]
Balearics
Majorcan (Romance
)		 Mallorca 2/129 1.6% [81]
Czechs Czech (West Slavic) Plzeň 1/62 1.6% [87]
Mecklenburgers
 East Low Saxon (West Germanic) Rostock 3/200 1.5% [30]
Russians Russian (East Slavic) Belgorod Oblast 2/143 1.4% [82]
Catalans
Catalan (Romance
)
Castelló
 2/146 1.4% [81]
Bulgarians Bulgarian language (South Slavic languages) Plovdiv 2/159 1.3% [77]
Bulgarians Bulgarian language (South Slavic languages) Montana, Bulgaria 1/80 1.3% [77]
Catalans
Catalan (Romance
)		 Central Catalonia 3/230 1.3% [81]
Catalans
Catalan (Romance
)		 Barcelona 3/231 1.3% [81]
Catalans
Catalan (Romance
)		 Barcelona Periphery 3/235 1.3% [81]
Belarusians Ukrainian (East Slavic) Eastern Belarus 1/86 1.2% [97]
Czechs Czech (West Slavic) Ústí nad Labem 1/86 1.2% [87]
Russians Russian (East Slavic) Penza Oblast 1/81 1.2%
Faroese
 Faroese (Germanic) Faroe Islands 1/89 1.1% [98] Grandfathers originated from various Faroese islands.
Sardinians
Campidanese (Romance languages
)		 Casteddu 2/187 1.1% [20]
Eastern Andalusians Andalusian (Romance) Granada 2/180 1.1% [36]
Moravian Valachs
 Romanian language (Romance languages) Moravian Wallachia 1/94 1.1% [99]
Belarusians Ukrainian (East Slavic) Eastern
Polesie
 1/96 1% [97]
Estonians Estonian (Uralic) Estonia 2/209 1% [100]
Austrians Southern Bavarian (Germanic)
Salzburg (state)
 2/200 1% [101]
Ukrainians Ukrainian (East Slavic) Lviv Oblast 1/101 1% [82]
Aragonese Aragonese and Castilian (Romance)
Aragón
 2/200 1% [79]
Castellonenses
Romance
)
Castelló
 5/515 1% [42]
Bavarians Bavarian (Germanic) Bavaria 2/218 0.9% [102] T1a1a1a1b1-PF7445
Austrian Germans
 Southern Bavarian (Germanic) Upper Austria 2/225 0.9% [101]
Czechs Czech (West Slavic)
South Moravia
 2/216 0.9% [87]
Croatians
 Croatian (West Slavic) Zagreb 1/114 0.9%
Catalans
Catalan (Romance
)		 Girona 2/219 0.9% [81]
Belarusians Ukrainian (East Slavic) Western
Polesie
 1/121 0.8% [97]
Mecklenburger
Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch (Germanic
)		 Mecklenburg 1/138 0.8% [102] T1a2b-L446(xCTS11984) DYS437=15
Bulgarians Bulgarian language (South Slavic languages) Sofia Province 2/257 0.8% [77]
Andalusians
Romance
)
Almeria
 1/144 0.7% [103]
Romanians Romanian (Romance) Romania 1/178 0.6% [100]
Catalans
Catalan (Romance
)
València
 1/173 0.6% [81]
Slovaks Slovak (West Slavic) Slovakia 1/164 0.6% [102]
Irish
Gaeilge (Celtic
)		 Ireland 1/221 0.5% [104]
Czechs Czech (West Slavic) Prague 3/595 0.5% [87]
Germans German (West Germanic) area of Halle 1/234 0.4% [105]
Individuals living in Catalonia Catalan language (Romance) Barcelona metropolitan area 1/247 0.4% [106]
Slovaks Slovak (West Slavic) Slovakia 1/473 0.2% [107]

With K-M9+, unconfirmed but probable T-M70+: 14% (3/23) of

Podlasie[124]

Other parts that have been found to contain a significant proportion of haplogroup T-M184 individuals include

Sephardi Jews and 2% of Ashkenazi Jews belong to haplogroup T.[138]

Middle East and Caucasus

Haplogroup T has some significant frequencies in southeast and eastern Anatolia, the Zagros Mountains and both sides of the Persian Gulf.

Population Language Location Members/Sample size Percentage Source Notes
Georgians Georgian (Kartvelian) Khashuri 1/3 33.3% [139]
Priest
Zoroastrians
 Persian Shiraz, Tehran and Yazd 2/8 25% [140] Not specified if Herbad or Mobad
Iraqi Jews
Central Semitic
)		 Iraq 7/32 21.9% [5] 12.5% T1a1a1a1a1a1-P77 and 9.4% T1a3-Y11151
Armenian Sasuntzis
Northwestern Iranian
) languages
Sasun
 21/104 20.2% [141] T1a1 and T1a2 subclades
Georgians Georgian (Kartvelian) Sighnaghi and Gurjaani 2/10 20% [139]
Georgians Georgian (Kartvelian) Kharagauli 1/5 20% [139]
Kumyks
Turkic
)
Daghestani
lowlands		 2/10 20% [142] Reported as K* but according to Karafet16 and Yunusbayev12 only T fits.[citation needed]
Kurdish Jews
Central Semitic
)		 Kurdistan 19/99 19.2% [143]
Kurdish Jews
Central Semitic
)		 Kurdistan 9/50 18% [5] 10% T1a1a1a1a1a1-P77 and 8% T1a1-L162
Druzes
Central Semitic
)		 Galilee 7/40 17.5% [144]
Assyrians
Central Semitic
)		 refugees in Armenia 16/106 15.1% [145] Reported as K*. Their homeland in the areas around Urmia.
Assyrians
Central Semitic
)		 Unknown 4/28 14.3% [146]
Georgians Georgian (Kartvelian) Dusheti 1/7 14.3% [139]
Iranian Jews
Southwestern Iranian
)		 Iran 3/22 13.6% [5] 4.5% T1a1a1a1a1a1-P77 and 9.1% T1a3-Y11151
Zoroastrians
 Persian Kerman 5/37 13.5% [147]
Iraqi Jews
Central Semitic
)		 Iraq 13/99 13.1% [148]
Bakhtiaris
Bakhtiari (Southwestern Iranian (Perside)
)		 Izeh 13/103 12.6% [149][150]
Mountain Jews Judeo-Tat (Southwestern Iranian) Derbentsky District 2/17 11.8% [146] All belong to T1a1a1a1a1a1-P77
Armenians
 Western Armenian dialect Historical Southwestern Armenia 11/96 11.5% [151]
Emiratis Gulf Arabic (Semitic)
Abu Dhabi
 21/191 11% [Research 1]
Assyrians
Central Semitic
)
West Azerbaijan Province
 4/39 10.3% [152]
Iranian Jews
Southwestern Iranian
)		 Iran 5/49 10.2% [148]
Muslims
 Persian Shiraz 5/51 9.8% [147]
Muslims
 Persian Kerman 6/66 9.1% [147]
Iraqis
Iraqi Arabic (Semitic
)		 Al-Qadisiyah 6/69 8.7% [153]
Armenians
 Armenian Armenia 35/413 8.5% [100]
Kurds
Northwestern Iranian
)		 Kurdestan 5/59 8.5% [152]
Omani Arabs
 Omani Arabic (Semitic) Oman 10/121 8.3% [11]
Kurds
Northwestern Iranian
)		 Kurdestan 2/25 8% [154]
Azeris
Azeri (Oghuz
)
West Azerbaijan Province
 5/63 7.9% [152]
Mazanderanis
Western Iranian
)
Mazandaran
 1/13 7.7% [154]
Cypriots Cypriot Greek Cyprus 3/41 7.3% [107]
Iraqis
Iraqi Arabic (Semitic
)		 Iraq 10/139 7.2% [155]
Kuwaitis Gulf Arabic (Semitic) Kuwait 3/42 7.1% [129]
Iraqis
Iraqi Arabic (Semitic
)		 Iraq 3/43 7% [156]
Arabs Levantine Arabic Israel and Palestine 10/143 7% [157]
Persians
Southwestern Iranian
)		 Fars 3/44 6.8% [152]
Christian Arabs Levantine Arabic Israel and Palestine 3/44 6.8% [158]
Western Armenians Armenian Eastern Turkey 6/90 6.7% [159]
Persians
Southwestern Iranian
)		 Yazd 3/46 6.5% [152]
Armenians Armenian Gardman 6/96 6.3% [141]
Yezidis
Northwestern Iranian
)		 refugees in Armenia 12/196 6.1% [145] Reported as K*. Their homeland in the areas around
Laliş
.
Muslim Arabs Levantine Arabic Israel and Palestine 7/119 5.9% [158]
Baluchestan, Iran
 6/103 5.8% [160]
Northern Armenians Armenian Northern Armenia, southern Georgia (Bolnisi, Akhalkalaki and Akhaltsikhe) and northwestern Azerbaijan (around Gyanja) 10/189 5.3% [159]
Armenians Armenian Tehran 2/38 5.3% [147]
Eastern Armenians Armenian Karabakh 11/215 5.1% [159]
Persians
Southwestern Iranian
)
Khorasan
 3/59 5.1% [152]
Saudi Arabians Arabic dialects (Semitic) Saudi Arabia 8/157 5.1% [161]
Armenians Armenian Syunik 7/140 5% [159]
Emiratis Gulf Arabic (Semitic) United Arab Emirates 8/164 4.9%
Lebanese Muslims Lebanese Arabic (Semitic) Lebanon 28/568 4.9% [162]
Cypriots Cypriot Greek Lemesos 6/126 4.8% [163]
Kumyks
Turkic
)		 Khasavyurtovsky District 1/21 4.8% [146]
Avars Avar (Northeast Caucasian) southeastern Dagestan 2/42 4.8% [43]
Kurds
Northwestern Iranian
)		 Anatolia 12/251 4.8% [164]
Kurds
Northwestern Iranian
)		 Kurdistan 6/126 4.8% [Research 2]
Anizes
 Gulf Arabic (Semitic) Kuwait 1/21 4.7% [165]
Lebaneses Levantine Arabic (Semitic) Lebanon 43/914 4.7%
Cypriots Cypriot Greek Cyprus 3/65 4.6%
Maronites
 Lebanese Arabic and Syriac (Semitic) Lebanon 24/518 4.6% [162]
Armenians Armenian Ararat 2/44 4.6% [159]
Muslim Kurds
Northwestern Iranian
)		 Kurdistan 4/95 4.2% [143]
Qeshmis
southwestern Iranian
)
Qeshm
 2/49 4.1% [152]
Lurs
Southwestern Iranian
)
Lorestan
 2/50 4% [152]
Sadats Languages of Iran Different cities of Iran 2/50 4% [166]
Persians
 Persian Eastern Iran 3/77 3.9% [167]
Armenians Armenian Lake Van 4/103 3.9% [141]
Saudi Arabians Arabic dialects (Semitic) Saudi Arabia 4/106 3.8% [107]
Turkish Cypriots Cypriot Turkish 138 different villages, towns or cities from Cyprus 14/380 3.7% [168] Paternal lineages originating from the traditional Turkish Cypriot settlements throughout the island
South Khorasan, Iran
 1/27 3.7% [160] All T1a3-Y12871
Armenians Armenian Ararat Valley 4/110 3.6% [141]
Armenians Armenian Armenia 2/57 3.5% [43]
Georgians Georgian (Kartvelian) Omalo 1/29 3.5% [139]
Iranians Languages of Iran South Iran 4/117 3.4% [125]
Ionians Greek
Phokaia
 1/31 3.2% [169]
Bandaris
Southwestern Iranian
)		 Bandar Abbas 4/131 3.1% [152]
Cypriots Cypriot Greek Larnaka 2/67 3% [163]
Alans
Karachay-Baksan-Chegem (Turkic
)		 Kabardino-Balkaria 1/69 2.9% [43]
Jordanians Arabic dialects (Semitic) Jordan 8/273 2.9%
Cypriots Cypriot Greek Ammochostos 3/122 2.5% [163]
Lezghins
 Lezgian (Northeast Caucasian) Southern Dagestan 2/81 2.5% [170]
Turks Turkish Turkey 13/523 2.5%
Persians
Southwestern Iranian
)
Esfahan
 1/13 2.4% [154]
Iranians Languages of Iran Iran 7/324 2.2% [162]
Azerbaijani
Muslims		 Azerbaijani (Turkic) Uromia 2/91 2.2% [147]
Yemenite Jews Hebrew and Arabic Yemen 2/94 2.1% [148]
Andis Andi (Northeast Caucasian) western Dagestan 1/49 2% [43]
Cypriots Cypriot Greek
Paphos
 2/105 1.9% [163]
Cypriots Cypriot Greek Nicosia 3/161 1.9% [163]
Assyrians
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic (Semitic
)		 Uromia and Tehran 1/55 1.8% [147]
Abkhazians
Northwest Caucasian
)		 Abkhazia 1/58 1.7% [170]
Kuwaitis Gulf Arabic (Semitic) Kuwait 2/117 1.7% [171]
Greek Orthodox
 Koine Greek Lebanon 2/116 1.7% [162]
Razavi Khorasan, Iran
 2/129 1.6% [160] 0.8% T1a3-Y11151 (xY8614)
Aeolians Greek Smyrna 1/68 1.5% [169]
Georgians Georgian (Kartvelian) Georgia 1/66 1.5% [100]
Turkmens
 Turkmen (Oghuz)
Golestan
 1/68 1.5% [152]
Kumyks Kumyk (Turkic) Northern Dagestan 1/73 1.4% [43]
Kuban Nogays Nogai (Turkic) north of Sea of Azov around Prymorsk 1/87 1.2% [43]
Ossetian Digors
Digorian (Scythian
)		 North Ossetia 1/127 0.8% [170]
Yemeni Arabs
Sanaani Arabic (Semitic
)
Sana'a
 1/129 0.8% [Research 3]
Syrians
 Syrian Arabic (Semitic) Syria 4/518 0.8% [162]
Kabardins
 Kabardian (Northwest Caucasian) Kabardino-Balkaria 1/140 0.7% [43]
Circassians Adyghe (Northwest Caucasian)
Republic of Adygea
 1/142 0.7% [170]
Abkhazians Abkhaz (Northwest Caucasian) Abkhazia 1/162 0.6% [43]

There are also unconfirmed reports of T-M70+ amongst 28% (7/25) of

Bedouins in Israel[174] and 2.6% (1/39) of Turks in Ankara.[176]

Africa

Fossils excavated at the Late Neolithic site of

Kelif el Boroud in Morocco, which have been radiocarbon-dated to around 3,000 BCE, have been found to belong to haplogroup T-M184.[177]

Population Language Location Members/Sample size Percentage Source Notes
Somalis (Dir clan
)
Cushitic
)		 Djibouti 24/24 100% [8] The main sub-clans of the Dir clan in Djibouti are the Issa and Gadabuursi.
Somalis (Dire Dawa
)
Cushitic
)		 Dire Dawa 14/17 82.4% [10] Dir sub-clans of Dire Dawa are Issa, Gurgura and Gadabuursi.
Anteony Antemoro (Plateau Malagasy)
old Antemoro Kingdom
 22/37 59.5% [178] The Anteony are the descendants of aristocrats, from whom the Antemoro king is chosen. Can be grouped into the Silamo, because they have the right to undertake the ritual slaughter of animals (Sombily)
Somalis (Dir clan) and Afars
Cushitic
)		 Djibouti 30/54 56.6% [179] Mixed sample of Somali and Afar individuals.[failed verification]
Somalis
(Ethiopia)
Cushitic
)		 Shilavo (woreda) (Somali Region of Ethiopia) 5/10 50% [8] The geographic location of this Ethiopia sample as seen in Fig.1.
Somalis (Isaaq
)
Cushitic
)		 Somaliland 4/4 100% [9] All belonging to the T1a-Y16897 subclade
Afars
Cushitic
)		 Djibouti 5/20 25% [8]
Toubou
Toubou
 Chad 31% [180] All belonging to the T1a-PF5662 subclade
Akie Akie people (Nilotic) Tanzania 3/13 23.1% [Hirbo et al.] Akie people have remnants of a Cushitic language
Somalis
Cushitic
)		 Jijiga (Somali Region of Ethiopia) 19/83 22.9% [10] Jijiga Somalis.
Arabs from Somalia Somali (East Cushitic) immigrants in Yemen 7/33 21.2% [181]
Lemba Venda and Shona (Bantu) South Africa 6/34 17.6% [5] Exclusively belong to T1a2* (old T1b*). Possible recent founder effect. Low frequency of T1a2 has been observed in Bulgarian Jews and Turks but is not found in other Jewish communities. Y-str Haplotypes close to some T1a2 Armenians.
Rangi
 Rangi Language (Bantu) Tanzania 5/32 15.6% [Hirbo et al.]
- Somalia 15/105 14.3% [182][183]
Iraqw Iraqw language (Cushitic) Tanzania 6/47 12.8% [Hirbo et al.]
Wachagga
Niger-Congo
)
Dār as-Salām
 3/24 12.5% [144] Mixed with Rift Southern Cushites.
Somali
Somali (Cushitic
)		 immigrants to Norway 12/104 11.5% [184]
Bench Bench(northern Omotic)
Bench Maji Zone
 14/126 11.4% [10]
Kores (
Cushitic
)
SNNP
 2/18 11.1% [10]
Oromo
Afaan Oromo language (Cushitic
)		 Oromiyaa 1/9 11.1% [185]
Fulbe Fula northern Cameroon 3/27 11.1% [186][187]
Gorowa
Cushitic
)		 Tanzania 2/19 10.5% [Hirbo et al.]
Somali
Somali (Cushitic
)		 immigrants to Denmark 21/201 10.4% [188][189]
Upper Egyptians Egyptian Arabic Luxor Governorate 3/29 10.3% [17][190]
Kontas
Omotic
)
Konta special woreda
 11/107 10.3% [10]
Rendille Rendille language (Cushitic) Marsabit County 3/31 9.7% [Hirbo et al.]
Datogs
 Rendille language (Cushitic) Tanzania 3/31 9.7% [191]
Gewadas
Cushitic
)
SNNP
 11/116 9.5% [10]
Antalaotra Antemoro (Plateau Malagasy)
old Antemoro Kingdom
 4/43 9.3% [178] The Antalaotra are in charge of the magical and religious domains; they have the ability to read and write Sorabe. Can be grouped into the Silamo, because they have the right to undertake the ritual slaughter of animals (Sombily)
Upper Egyptians Egyptian Arabic Aswan Governorate 1/11 9.1% [192]
N'Djamena Mix Mix N'Djamena 5/55 9.1% Marc Haber 2016 All belonging to the T1a-PF5662 subclade
Upper Egyptians Egyptian Arabic Assiut Governorate 6/70 8.6% [192]
Konsos (Semitic)
Konso special woreda
 2/24 8.3% [10]
Somali Somali (Cushitic) immigrants to Sweden 12/147 8.2% [193]
Arabs and Berbers Egyptian Arabic and Siwi Lower Egypt 12/147 8.2% [11]
Upper Egyptians Egyptian Arabic Sohag Governorate 4/52 7.7% [192]
Egyptians Erythraic (Cushitic) Egypt 7/92 7.6% [183][185] If the K* sample is M184+ then 8.7%
Tigrayans
South Semitic
)		 Tigray Region 2/30 6.7% [10]
Dirashas
east Cushitic
)
Dirashe special woreda
 5/79 6.3% [10]
Canarians
 Canarian Spanish Tenerife 11/178 6.2%
Kordofanians
 Kordofanian
Kurdufan
 4/69 5.8% [174]
Upper Egyptians Egyptian Arabic Qena Governorate 3/52 5.8% [192]
Tuareg Tuareg (Berber) Gorom-Gorom 1/18 5.6% [194]
Afars
Cushitic
)		 Afar Region 6/111 5.4% [10]
Ethiopians
Ethiopian languages
 Ethiopia 4/74 5.4% [156]
Mashiles
Cushitic
)
SNNP
 7/130 5.4% [10]
Gurages
South Semitic
)
SNNP
 6/118 5.1% [10]
Turu
Nyaturu (Bantu
)		 Tanzania 1/20 5% [191]
Moroccan Jews Haketia (Romance) Israel 1/20 5% [195]
Gedeos
Cushitic
)
SNNP
 6/122 4.9% [10]
Wairak
Cushitic
)		 Tanzania 2/41 4.9% [11]
Western
Libyans
 Libyan Arabic (Semitic) Tripoli region 7/142 4.9% [196]

[197]

Tunisians
 Tunisian Arabic (Semitic) Sfax 5/105 4.8% [198]
Libyans
 Libyan Arabic (Semitic) Tripoli area 3/63 4.8% [199]
Kanuri Kanuri Cameroon 1/21 4.8% [Hirbo et al.]
Iraqw[200] Iraqw (Cushitic) Tanzania 2/43 4.7%
Yems
Omotic
)
SNNP
 5/107 4.7% [10]
Jews
 (Semitic) Ethiopia 1/22 4.5% [8]
Gobeze
Cushitic
SNNP
 5/113 4.4% [10]
Upper Egyptians Egyptian Arabic Minya Governorate 1/23 4.3% [192]
Konsos
Cushitic
)
Konso special woreda
 4/94 4.3% [10]
Kembaatas East
Cushitic
Kembata Tembaro Zone
 4/102 3.9% [10]
Tigrayans
South Semitic
)		 Eritrea 1/28 3.6% [8]
Tigrayans
South Semitic
)		 Eritrea 1/31 3% [179]
Amharas
Amharic (Semitic
)		 Ethiopia 1/34 2.9% [8]
Hutus
Niger-Congo
)		 Rwanda 1/39 2.6% [201]
Lower Egyptians Egyptian Arabic (Semitic)
Mansoura
 1/44 2.2% [17][190]
Berbers Shilha (Berber) Siwa Oasis 2/93 2.2% [195][202]
Meru
Northeast Bantu
)		 Tanzania 2/99 2% [203]
Itam Ibibio Obong Itam (Southeast Nigeria) 1/50 2% [204][205]
Cape Verdeans
Portuguese Creole
)		 Windward islands São Nicolau, São Vicente, and Santo Antão 2/101 2% [206]
Ovimbundo
 Umbundu and Portuguese Angola 1/53 1.9% [207]
Tunisians
 Tunisian Arabic (Semitic) Tunis 1/54 1.9% [208]
Berbers Shilha (Berber) Asni 1/54 1.9% [195][202]
Eastern
Libyans
 Libyan Arabic (Semitic) Benghazi 4/214 1.9% [209]
Algerians Algerian Arabic (Semitic) Algeria 3/164 1.8% [174]
Baribas Baatonum (Niger–Congo) Benin 1/57 1.8% [210] T1a-M70(xT1a2-L131)
Bokoras
Karamojong (Eastern Nilotic
)		 Karamoja region 1/59 1.7% [197]
Lower Egyptians Egyptian Arabic (Semitic) Cairo 1/63 1.6% [211]
Tumbuka
Niger-Congo
)		 northern Malawi 1/61 1.6% [205]
Mozabites Mozabite (Berber)
Ghardaia
 1/68 1.5% [212]
Tunisians Tunisian Arabic (Semitic) South Tunisia 3/200 1.5% [213]
Soussians
 Tunisian Arabic (Semitic) Sousse 3/220 1.4% [214]
Chewa
Niger-Congo
)		 Malawi 1/92 1.1% [205]
Maasai Maasai (Eastern Nilotic) Kinyawa (Mashuru) 1/100 1% YHRD
Bantu
Niger-Congo
)		 Pretoria 1/98 1% [205]
Nilotes Ateker (Eastern Nilotic) Karamoja region 1/118 0.8% [197]
Andalusians
Andalusian Arabic (Semitic
)		 Testour, El Alia, Gualaat-El-Andalous, Slouguia 1/132 0.8% [208] Refugees from Al-Andalus following the capitulation of the Islamic kingdoms in Valencia and Granada
Bantus
 Bantu Botswana, Namibia and Zambia 1/140 0.7% [215] Father and paternal grandfather belonged to the same ethnolinguistic group
Basothos
Niger-Congo
)		 Lesotho 1/181 0.6% [216]
Moroccans Moroccan Arabic (Semitic) Casablanca metropolitan area 1/166 0.6% [217] The industrial capital of Morocco where the urban growth is maintained by immigration from all parts of Morocco
Khoisans Khoisan Botswana, Namibia and Zambia 1/371 0.3% [215] Father and paternal grandfather belonged to the same ethnolinguistic group

South Asia

T1a-M70 in India has been considered to be of West Eurasian origin.[218]

Population Language Location Members/Sample size Percentage Source Notes
Kurru
Yerukala (Dravidian
)		 Andhra Pradesh 10/18 55.6%
Bauris
 Bengali (Indo-Aryan) West Bengal 10/19 52.6% K* is found at 6/19, if M70- but M184+, then could be 84.2%. Bauris are thought to be descendants of a native tribe of the Central Highlands before the Aryan invasion, then as Bauris have not been well assimilated and have not participated satisfactorily in the new Aryan society, the Bauris ended up being seen as "low caste". They are at "halfway" between the old Bauri tribal and the new Aryan society lifestyle.
Lodha Lodhi (Sora–Juray–Gorum Munda) West Bengal 2/4 50%
Rajus
 Telugu (Dravidian) Andhra Pradesh 3/19 15.9%
Maheli
Mahali (Kherwari Munda
)		 West Bengal 2/13 15.3%
Chenchus
 Chenchu (Dravidian) Andhra Pradesh 3/20 15% K* is found at 7/20, if M70- but M184+, then could be 50%
Kare Vokkal
Kannada (Dravidian
)		 Uttara Kannada 4/30 13.3% [219] K* is found at 3/30, if M70- but M184+, then could be 23.3%
Banjaras
Lambadi (Indo-Aryan
)		 Andhra Pradesh 2/18 11.1%
Gonds Gondi (Dravidian) South Uttar Pradesh 4/38 10.6% [220]
Gonds
 Gondi (Dravidian) Madhya Pradesh 10/139 7.2% [220]
Indians languages of India South India 18/305 5.9%
Maheli
Mahali (Kherwari Munda
)		 Jamshedpur from Jharkhand; Purulia, Midnapore & other location from West Bengal 2/38 5.3% [221] Two samples from different studies grouped together
Chenchus
 Chenchu (Dravidian) Andhra Pradesh 3/61 4.9% [130] Samples from Trivedi et al. and Kivisild et al.
Banjaras
Lambadi (Indo-Aryan
)		 Andhra Pradesh 2/53 3.8% [130] Two samples from different studies grouped together
Indians languages of India East India 14/367 3.8%
Gujaratis Gujarati (Indo-Aryan) Gujarat 1/29 3.4% [130]
Lodha Lodhi (Sora–Juray–Gorum Munda) Midnapore & other location from West Bengal 2/71 2.8% [221][222] Three samples from different studies grouped together
Sahariyas
Saharia (Munda
)		 Madhya Pradesh 2/73 2.7% [223]
Tamtas (Indo-Aryan) Bageshwar 1/34 2.9% [218]
Kshatriyas (Indo-Aryan) Pithoragarh 2/79 2.5% [218]
Aryas
 Arya (Indo-Aryan) Nainital 1/46 2.2% [218]
Laotians
Tai-Kadai
)		 Laos 1/53 1.9% [144]
Maravars Tamil (Dravidian) Ramanathapuram 1/80 1.3% [224] Dry Land Farmers
Garos Garo (Sino-Tibetan) Tangail 1/120 0.8% [225] Likely P77+

With K-M9+, unconfirmed but probable T-M70+: 56.6% (30/53) of

Manghi in Maharashtra.[229]

Also in

Chitpavan-Brahmins in Konkan
(2/66 or 3%).

Central Asia & East Asia

Population Language Location Members/Sample size Percentage Source Notes
Momyns
 Old Basmyl/Kazakh (Turkic) Argyn tribe, Kazakhstan 6/100 6.3% [232] The outlier Babasan subclan is excluded from "sample size" and "percentage". 5 out of 6 Clans and 13 out of 19 Subclans have T-M184 members.
Meyrams
 Old Basmyl/Kazakh (Turkic) Argyn tribe 1/10 6% [232] 5 out of 5 Clans and 11 out of 16 Subclans have T-M184 members.
Xibes
 Xibe (Tungusic) Xinjiang, China 1/8 12.5% [222][233]
Xibes
 Xibe (Tungusic) Xinjiang 3/32 9.4% [234]
Hans - Ili 3/32 9.4% [235] K* (xNOP)
Bajo sea Nomads
Bajaw (Malayo-Polynesian
)		 Sulawesi, Indonesia 2/27 7.4% [236] T1a-M70
Yugurs
 Eastern Yugur and Western Yugur Sunan Yugur Autonomous County, Gansu, China 2/32 6.3% [234] K* (xN-M231, O-M175, P-M45)
Tajiks
Southwestern Iranian
)		 Samangan Province, Afghanistan 1/16 6.3% [154]
Khampas Khams Tibetan (Sino-Tibetan) Markham 1/18 5.6% [237] T-M272
Adis
Adi (Sino-Tibetan
)		 Arunachal Pradesh, India 3/55 5.5% [238]
Xibes
 Xibe (Tungusic) (not stated) 2/41 4.9% [235] K* (xNOP)
Mongolians Mongolian (Mongolic) Inner Mongolia, China 2/45 4.4% [235] K* (xNOP)
Tajiks
Southwestern Iranian
)		 Afghanistan 2/56 3.6% [239]
Uzbeks Uzbek (Turkic) Sar-e Pol Province, Afghanistan 1/28 3.6% [154]
Sherpas Sherpa (Sino-Tibetan)
Namche, Chaurikharka and Lukla
 5/157 3.2% [240] K-M9 (xM-P256, NO-M214, P-M45) Parents and grandparents were reported to be Sherpas. Individuals unrelated for at least three generations.
Oroqen Oroqen (Tungusic) (not stated) 1/31 3.2% [235] K* (xNOP)
Tajiks
Southwestern Iranian
)		 Takhar Province, Afghanistan 1/35 2.9% [154] Manchu Manchu (Tungusic) (not stated) 1/35 2.9% [235] K* (xNOP)
Tajiks
 Darî (
Southwestern Iranian
)		 Ferghana 1/35 2.9% [241]
Tibetans
Dbus (Sino-Tibetan
)		 Dromo, Tibet 1/39 2.6% [237] T-M272
Uyghur
Turkic
)		 Xinjiang 1/48 (1/4 samples) 2.1% [242]
Tu Monguor (Mongolic) Qinghai, China 1/50 2% [234] K* (xN-M231, O-M175, P-M45)
Pashtuns
Eastern Iranian
)		 Kunduz Province, Afghanistan 1/53 1.9% [154]
Mongolians Mongolian (Mongolic) Mongolia 1/65 1.5% [235] K* (xNOP)
Kozha Kazakhs (Steppe Clergy) Kazakh (Turkic) Kazakhstan 1/71 1.4% [243] T1a-M70
Uyghur
Turkic
)		 Xinjiang 3/284 1.1% [244]
Uzbeks Uzbek (Turkic)
Jawzjan Province, Afghanistan
 1/94 1.1% [154]
Mongolians Mongolian (Mongolic) Inner Mongolia, China 1/100 1% [244]
Ethnic
Pashtuns
Pashto (Eastern Iranian
)		 mainly Kandahar Province, Afghanistan province of 1/141 0.7% [245]
Yousafzai
Eastern Iranian
)		 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Afghanistan 1/146 0.7% [246]
Uyghur
Turkic
)		 Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, China 3/478 0.6% [247]
Tibetans
Dbus (Sino-Tibetan
)		 Qüxü, Tibet 1/203 0.5% [237] T-M272
Han Chinese Mandarin (Sino-Tibetan) Jilin, China 1/196 0.5% [248]
Mongolians Mongolian (Mongolic)
Ordos (city)
, China		 1/258 0.4% [249] Could be 0.8% (2/258)
Han Chinese Mandarin (Sino-Tibetan) Qujing, Yuxi and Honghe County, China 1/320 0.3% [250] K* (xN-M231, O-M175, P-M45)

Unconfirmed but probable T-M70+: 2% (4/204) of Hui in Liaoning (China),[251] and 0.9% (1/113) of Bidayuh in Sarawak.[252]

Americas (post-colonisation)

Population Language Location Members/Sample size Percentage Source Notes
Panchos
Castilian (Romance
)		 Panchimalco 3/11 27.3% [253][21] T-M184
Quechuas
Quechua
Lima Region
 3/11 27.3% [144] Predicted but possible convergence with Q markers.
Movimas Movima language (Language isolate)
Beni
 1/5 20% [254]
Colombians Colombian Spanish (Romance) Antioquia 9/51 17.6% [255]
Colombians Colombian Spanish (Romance) Aranzazu, Caldas 22/190 11.6% [255][256]
Panamanians
Castilian (Romance languages
)		 Los Santos Province 3/30 10% [21]
Centralwest Argentinians
Argentinian Spanish (Romance
)		 San Luis 3/30 10% [22]
Colombians Colombian Spanish (Romance) Antioquia 6/61 9.8% [256] Antioquia except Marinilla and its zone of influence
Napu runas
Kichwa
 Ecuadorian Amazon 2/21 9.5% [257] Predicted but possible convergence with Q markers.
Colombians Colombian Spanish (Romance) Soplaviento 1/11 9.1% [258] T1a-M70
Yanesha
Yanesha
Peruvian Amazon
)		 1/12 8.3% [259]
Yanesha
Yanesha
Peruvian Amazon
)		 1/12 8.3% [259]
Colombians Colombian Spanish (Romance) Huila 3/42 7.1% [260]
Bahamians
West Germanic
)		 Long Island 3/43 7% [261]
Panamanians
Castilian (Romance languages
)
Panama Province
 3/43 7% [21]
Northwest Argentinians
Argentinian Spanish (Romance
)		 Mountainous region of
San Salvador de Jujuy
 6/86 7% [262]
Kolla
Argentinian Spanish
 Mountainous region of
Tucumán
 2/29 6.9% [263][264]
Centralwest Argentinians
Argentinian Spanish (Romance
)
Tucumán
 2/30 6.7% [22]
Tule
 Kuna (Chibchan languages)
Kuna Yala
 1/16 6.3% [21] According to Hamilton 2014, around 2% of Tule people in Kuna Yala are Albinos. This is the highest known frequency in the world
Basques
Isolate language
)		 Nevada 1/16 6.3% [Research 4]
Colombians Colombian Spanish (Romance) Marinilla, El Peñol, Antioquia, El Santuario, Cocorná, El Carmen de Viboral, Granada, Antioquia and Guatapé 15/246 6.1% [256]
Centralwest Argentinians
Argentinian Spanish (Romance
)		 Mountainous region of La Rioja (Capital) 5/87 5.7% [262]
Kolla
Argentinian Spanish
 Mountainous region of Jujuy 1/18 5.6% [265]
Colombians Colombian Spanish (Romance)
Rionegro (Antioquia)
 3/55 5.5% [266]
Colombians Colombian Spanish (Romance) Tolima 2/41 4.9% [260]
Venezuelans Venezuelan Castilian (Romance languages) Caracas 3/62 4.8% [32]
Yanesha
Yanesha
Peruvian Amazon
)		 1/21 4.8% [259]
Northeast Argentinians
Argentinian Spanish (Romance
)		 Corrientes 1/21 4.8% [267]
Colombians Colombian Spanish (Romance) Cundinamarca 1/22 4.5% [255]
Mestizos
 Guatemalan Castilian Guatemala 5/115 4.4% [268][21] T-M184
Northwest Argentinians
Argentinian Spanish (Romance
)		 Jujuy 2/50 4% [22]
Chileans Chilean Spanish (Romance languages) Concepción 8/198 4% [269]
Centralwest Argentinians
Argentinian Spanish (Romance
)		 Mountainous region of Mendoza (Capital) 3/75 4% [262]
Mayas
 Guatemalan Castilian Guatemala 1/110 3.6% [268][21] T-M184
Yanesha
Yanesha
Peruvian Amazon
)		 1/29 3.5% [259]
Brazilians
 Brazilian Portuguese (Romance) Serra, Espírito Santo 1/29 3.5% [270]
Ecuadorians
Castilian (Romance languages
)		 Quito 4/120 3.3% [34]
Central Argentinians
Argentinian Spanish (Romance
)		 La Pampa 1/30 3.3% [22]
Central Argentinians
Argentinian Spanish (Romance
)		 Córdoba 1/31 3.2% [22]
Chileans Chilean Spanish (Romance languages) Temuco 6/194 3.1% [269]
Panamanians
Castilian (Romance languages
)		 Herrera Province 1/36 2.8% [21]
Venezuelans Venezuelan Castilian (Romance languages) Maracaibo 3/111 2.7% [32]
Chachapoyas
Chacha
 northeastern Peruvian Andes 3/122 2.5% [271]
Nicas Nicaraguan Castilian Nicaragua 4/165 2.4% [272] Mestizo individuals
Colombians Colombian Spanish (Romance)
Jambaló, Páez, Popayán, El Tambo, Sotará, La Vega, Cauca, San Sebastián, Cauca and Bolivar
 1/48 2.1% [273] Mix sample of Ethnicities
Europeans
 Brazilian Portuguese (Romance languages) Rio Grande do Sul 5/255 2% [38]
Chileans Chilean Spanish (Romance languages)
Santiago de Chile
 4/196 2% [269]
Centralwest Argentinians
Argentinian Spanish (Romance
)		 Buenos Aires 3/150 2% [267]
Palenques Palenquero (Castilian-Bantu)
Palenque de San Basilio
(Arriba moiety)		 1/52 1.9% [205]
Quechuas
Quechua
 Bolivia 1/55 1.8% [274]
Bahamians
West Germanic
)		 Eleuthera 1/60 1.7% [261]
Mexicans Mexican Castilian (Romance languages) Querétaro 2/121 1.7% [275] Mestizo individuals
Mexicans Mexican Castilian (Romance languages) Guanajuato 1/63 1.6% [275] Mestizo individuals
Colombians Colombian Spanish (Romance) Peque (Antioquia) 1/62 1.6% [255]
Chileans Chilean Spanish (Romance languages) Punta Arenas 3/194 1.6% [269]
Colombians Colombian Spanish (Romance) Cartagena 1/61 1.6% [258] T1a-M70
Salvadorans
Castilian (Romance
)		 El Salvador 2/150 1.3% [276]
Jamaicans
English creole
)		 Jamaica 2/159 1.3% [277]
Colombians Colombian Spanish (Romance) Cartagena 2/173 1.2% [278]
Panamanians
Castilian (Romance languages
)		 Chiriquí Province 1/92 1.1% [21]
Ticos Costa Rican Castilian Costa Rica 1/100 1% [279]
Brazilians
 Brazilian Portuguese (Romance) Santa Catarina 1/109 0.9% [280]
Virgin islanders
Virgin Islands Creole English (Germanic
)		 Saint Thomas (Virgin Islands) 1/134 0.8% [281]
Hondurans Honduran Castilian Honduras 1/128 0.8% [282] Mestizo individuals
Admixed population - Macapá 1/138 0.7% [283]
Belizeans Belizean Castilian and Belizean Creole Belize 1/157 0.6% [284]
Chileans Chilean Spanish (Romance languages) Iquique 1/207 0.5% [269]
Brazilians
 Brazilian Portuguese (Romance) Espírito Santo 1/253 0.4% [285]

Ancient DNA

Ancient DNA from 'Ain Ghazal

Main article:
'Ain Ghazal
Ain Ghazal PPNB individual Ghazal-I I1707 AG83_5 Poz-81097
Y DNA T1-PF5610 (xT1a1-Z526, T1a1a-CTS9163, T1a1a-CTS2607, T1a2-S11611, T1a2-Y6031, T1a2a1-P322, T1a3a-Y9189)
Population Neolithic Farmers
Language
Inferred cultural
affiliation		 Late Middle PPNB
Date (YBP) 9573 ± 39
House/location
Ain Ghazal
Number (sample size) 1/2
Percentage 50%
mtDNA
R0a
Isotope Sr
Eye color Likely non-Dark
Hair color Likely non-Dark
Skin pigmentation Light
ABO Blood Group Likely O or B
Diet (d13C%0 or d15N%0)
FADS activity rs174551 (T), rs174553 (G), rs174576 (A)
Lactose
intolerance		 Likely lactose-intolerant
DNA shared
with Oase-1		 14.2%
DNA shared
with Ostuni1 remains		 6.7%
SDNA shared
with Neanderthal Vi33.26		 0.93%
DNA shared
with Neanderthal Vi33.25		 1.2%
DNA shared
with Neanderthal Vi33.16		 0.3%
Ancestral
components (AC)		 Neolithic Anatolia/Southeast Europe: 56.82%, Paleolithic Levant (Natufians): 24.09%, Caucasus Hunter / Early European Farmer: 12.51%, Scandinavian / West European Hunter: 4.16%, Sub Saharan: 2.04%, East European Hunter: 0.37%
puntDNAL K12 Ancient
Dodecad [dv3]
Eurogenes [K=36]
Dodecad [Globe13]
Genetic distance
Parental
consanguinity
Age at death
Death position
SNPs 152.234
Read Pairs
Sample
Source Lazaridis 2016[15]
Notes Evidence of a northerly origin for this population, possibly indicating an influx from the region of northeastern Anatolia.

Haplogroup T is found among the later middle

Natufian civilisation and a population resulting from immigration from the north, i.e. north-eastern Anatolia
. However, Natufians have been found to belong mostly to the E1b1b1b2 lineage – which is found among 60% of the whole PPNB population and 75% of the 'Ain Ghazal population, being present in all three middle PPNB stages.

Later middle PPNB populations in the Southern Levant were already witnessing severe changes in climate that would have been exacerbated by large population demands on local resources. Beginning at 8.9 cal ka BP we see a significant decrease in population in highland Jordan, ultimately leading to the complete abandonment of almost all central settlements in this region.[286]

The 9th millennium Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) period in the Levant represents a major transformation in prehistoric lifeways from small bands of mobile hunter–gatherers to large settled farming and herding villages in the Mediterranean zone, the process having been initiated some 2–3 millennia earlier.

'Ain Ghazal (" Spring of the Gazelles") is situated in a relatively rich environmental setting immediately adjacent to the Wadi Zarqa, the longest drainage system in highland Jordan. It is located at an elevation of about 720m within the ecotone between the oak-park woodland to the west and the open steppe-desert to the east.

Evidence recovered from the excavations suggests that much of the surrounding countryside was forested and offered the inhabitants a wide variety of economic resources. Arable land is plentiful within the site's immediate environs. These variables are atypical of many major neolithic sites in the Near East, several of which are located in marginal environments. Yet despite its apparent richness, the area of 'Ain Ghazal is climatically and environmentally sensitive because of its proximity throughout the Holocene to the fluctuating steppe-forest border.

The Ain Ghazal settlement first appear in the middle PPNB, which is split into two phases. Phase 1 starts 10300 yBP and ends 9950 yBP, phase 2 ends 9550 yBP.

The estimated population of the middle PPNB site from ‘Ain Ghazal is of 259-1,349 individuals with an area of 3.01-4.7 ha. Is argued that at its founding at the commencement of the middle PPNB ‘Ain Ghazal was likely 2 ha in size and grew to 5 ha by the end of the middle PPNB. At this point in time their estimated population was 600-750 people or 125-150 people per hectare.

Peki'in Cave, Israel

A 2018 study

MTDNA blue-eyed, fair-skinned community didn't continue, but at least now researchers have an idea why. "These findings suggest that the rise and fall of the Chalcolithic culture are probably due to demographic changes in the region".[288]

We find that the individuals buried in Peqi'in Cave represent a relatively genetically homogenous population. This homogeneity is evident not only in the genome-wide analyses but also in the fact that most of the male individuals (nine out of ten) belong to the Y-chromosome

Haplogroup T (Y-DNA)
, a lineage thought to have diversified in the Near East. This finding contrasts with both earlier (Neolithic and Epipaleolithic) Levantine populations, which were dominated by
Haplogroup E (Y-DNA)
, and later Bronze Age individuals, all of whom belonged to Haplogroup J (Y-DNA).[2]

Ancient city of Ebla

In the ancient city of Ebla in Syria in the Bronze Age, one individual was found belonging to haplogroup T-L162 (T1a1).[289][290]

Alalakh Amorite city-state

One individual from Alalakh who lived circa 2014-1781 BC, belonged to haplogroup T-CTS11451 (T1a1a).[291][289][290]

Notable haplogroup members

Elite endurance runners

Possible patterns between Y-chromosome and elite endurance runners were studied in an attempt to find a genetic explanation to the Ethiopian endurance running success. Given the superiority of East African athletes in international distance running over the past four decades, it has been speculated that they are genetically advantaged. Elite marathon runners from Ethiopia were analysed for K*(xP) which according to the previously published Ethiopian studies is attributable to the haplogroup T[292]

According to further studies,[5] T1a1a* (L208) was found to be proportionately more frequent in the elite marathon runners sample than in the control samples than any other haplogroup, therefore this y-chromosome could play a significant role in determining Ethiopian endurance running success. Haplogroup T1a1a* was found in 14% of the elite marathon runners sample of whom 43% of this sample are from Arsi province. In addition, haplogroup T1a1a* was found in only 4% of the Ethiopian control sample and only 1% of the Arsi province control sample. T1a1a* is positively associated with aspects of endurance running, whereas E1b1b1 (old E3b1) is negatively associated.[293]

House of Khalifa

The ruling family of the

Y-DNA Haplogroup T-L206
subclade of P77*.

The house belongs to the

Arabia to Kuwait and then ruled all of Qatar. In 1999, Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
became the Emir of Bahrain and proclaimed himself the King of Bahrain in 2002.

The T-FT364053 haplogroup of the house was determined by DNA testing of descendants in the T-Arab Y DNA Haplogroup Project on Family Tree DNA and other Arab world projects.

Thomas Jefferson

See also: Jefferson–Hemings controversy

A notable member of the T-M184 haplogroup is American President Thomas Jefferson (most distant known ancestor "MDKA" is Samuel Jefferson, Born 11 October 1607 in Pettistree, Suffolk, England). The Y-chromosomal complement of the Jefferson male line was studied in 1998 in an attempt to resolve the controversy over whether he had fathered the mixed-race children of his slave Sally Hemings. A 1998 DNA study of the Y chromosome in the Jefferson male line found that it matched that of a descendant of Eston Hemings, Sally Hemings' youngest son. This confirmed the body of historical evidence, and most historians believe that Jefferson had a long-term intimate liaison with Hemings for 38 years, and fathered her six children of record, four of whom lived to adulthood. In addition, the testing conclusively disproved any connection between the Hemings descendant and the Carr male line. Jefferson grandchildren had asserted in the 19th century that a Carr nephew had been the father of Hemings' children, and this had been the basis of historians' denial for 180 years. Jefferson's paternal family traced back Wales, where T is incredibly rare, as it is less than <1% throughout Britain. A couple of British males with the Jefferson surname have been found with the third president's type of T, reinforcing the likelihood that his immediate paternal ancestry was British.

The Genographic Project places his origin to Canaan[294]

Phylogenetic tree

Phylogenetic tree of haplogroup T-M184 & closely related macro-lineages (ISOGG 2015)
LT
 L298 
  (43,900 BP)  
LT* (basal subclade)


 (LTxM184, M20; all cases without M184 or M20.)

T
 M184 
  (39,300‑45,100 BP)  
T*
 (xL206) 


 All cases without L206 or PH110

 
T1
 L206 
  (26,600 BP)  
 
T1a
 M70 
  (19,000-30,000 BP)[5]  
T1a*
 (xL162, L131, Y11151) 


 All cases without L162, L131 or Y11151

 
T1a1
 L162 
  (15,400 BP)  
 
T1a1a
 L208 
  (14,800 BP)  
T1a1a*
 (xCTS11451, Y16897) 


 All cases without CTS11451 or Y16897

 
T1a1a1
 CTS11451 
  (9,500 BP)  
T1a1a1*
 (xY4119, Y6671) 


 All cases without Y4119 or Y6671

 
T1a1a1a
 Y4119 
  (9,200 BP)  
T1a1a1a*
 (xCTS2214) 


 All cases without CTS2214

 
T1a1a1a1
 CTS2214 
  (8,900 BP)  
 
T1a1a1a2
 Y6671 
  (8,900 BP)  

 

 
T1a1a1b
 Y6671 
  (9,200 BP)  

 

 
T1a1a2
 Y16897 
  (9,500 BP)  

 

 
T1a2
 L131 
  (15,400 BP)  

 

 
T1a3
 Y11151 
  (15,400 BP)  

 

L
M20
L1
M22


 (Mostly South Asia and Central Asia.)

 
L2
L595


 
 (The highest diversity and incidence of this rare lineage is found in Europe.)

Nomenclatural history

Main article: Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups

Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome Phylogenetic tree. This led to considerable confusion. In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). They published a joint paper that created a single new tree that all agreed to use. Later, a group of citizen scientists with an interest in population genetics and genetic genealogy formed a working group to create an amateur tree aiming at being above all timely. The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC Tree. This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures.

YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand) (α) (β) (γ) (δ) (ε) (ζ) (η) YCC 2002 (Longhand) YCC 2005 (Longhand) YCC 2008 (Longhand) YCC 2010r (Longhand) ISOGG 2006 ISOGG 2007 ISOGG 2008 ISOGG 2009 ISOGG 2010 ISOGG 2011 ISOGG 2012 ISOGG 2013
T-M184 26 VIII 1U 25 Eu16 H5 F K* K T T K2 K2 T T T T T T
K-M70/T-M70 26 VIII 1U 25 Eu15 H5 F K2 K2 T T1 K2 K2 T T T T1 T1a T1a
T-P77 26 VIII 1U 25 Eu15 H5 F K2 K2 T2 T1a2 K2 K2 T2 T2 T2a1 T1a1b T1a1a1 T1a1a1

Original research publications

The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC Tree.

α Jobling and Tyler-Smith 2000 and Kaladjieva 2001

β Underhill 2000

γ Hammer 2001

δ Karafet 2001

ε Semino 2000

ζ Su 1999

η Capelli 2001

Y-DNA backbone tree

Notes

  1. ^ de facto state

References

Original research

  1. ^ W. Goodwin et al., " Department of Forensic and Investigative Science, " "http://www.yhrd.org/" (2012),
  2. ^ Carsten Hohoff and Bernd Brinkmann "Institut für Rechtsmedizin"," Universität Münster <http://www.yhrd.org>
  3. ^ Uta D. Immel et al., "Institut für Rechtsmedizin, Martin-Luther Universität Haale/Saale," "http://www.yhrd.org/" (1999),
  4. ^ Laura Valverde Potes et al., "Grupo BIOMICs / BIOMICs Research Group," "http://www.yhrd.org/" (2011),

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  3. PMID 34344940
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  4. phylogenetically
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  17. ^
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  19. ^
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  20. ^
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  21. ^
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  22. ^
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  23. S2CID 205334949
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  25. ^
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  26. ^
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  30. ^
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  32. ^
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  34. ^
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  35. PMID 16289613
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  36. ^
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  37. S2CID 29850287
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  38. ^
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  39. PMID 25468874
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  40. ^
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  41. ^
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  42. ^
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  43. ^
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  44. ^
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  45. PMID 19573232
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  46. PMID 22673611
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  47. PMID 21412412
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  50. ^
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  51. ^
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  52. PMID 15374596
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  53. S2CID 20205296
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  57. ^
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  58. ^
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  59. PMID 23771759
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  60. ^
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  61. ^
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  62. ^
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  63. ^
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  64. ^
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  65. S2CID 205303141
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  66. ^
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  67. ^
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  68. S2CID 40355653
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  70. ^
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  76. PMID 12243882
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  77. ^
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  78. PMID 27111036
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  79. ^
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  80. PMID 19844259
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  81. ^
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  82. ^
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  88. ^
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  89. S2CID 6609913
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  90. ^
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  91. PMID 25873146
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  92. ^
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  102. ^
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  103. PMID 28487219
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  104. S2CID 4414538
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  105. PMID 16226160
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  106. PMID 17320328
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  107. ^
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  108. ^
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  109. PMID 16884881
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  110. PMID 15944443
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  111. PMID 18644108
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  113. PMID 18470899
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  114. ^
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  115. PMID 15837014
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  116. PMID 16314060
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  117. PMID 15939179
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  119. PMID 16806776
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  120. PMID 19948315
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  121. PMID 15964729
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  122. PMID 17543484
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  132. S2CID 26562505
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  143. ^
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  145. ^
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  146. ^
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  147. ^
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  148. ^
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  149. ^
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  158. ^
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  159. ^
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  186. PMID 19425092
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  187. PMID 11910562
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  195. ^
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  198. PMID 16293385
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  203. OCLC 368708609
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  207. PMID 20801729
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  208. ^
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  209. PMID 21640679
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  210. PMID 26275614
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  211. S2CID 26741827
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  212. S2CID 24279528
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  213. S2CID 866382
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  214. S2CID 25186140
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  215. ^
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  217. PMID 21126935
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  219. PMID 21741027
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  220. ^
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  221. ^
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  222. ^
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  223. PMID 22393414
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  224. PMID 23209694
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  225. S2CID 23031408
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  226. S2CID 20805905
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  235. ^
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  236. PMID 25880430
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  237. ^
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  238. PMID 15128876
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  239. PMID 22470552
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  250. PMID 20129460
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  251. PMID 19083856
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  252. PMID 19414156
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  253. PMID 16916590
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  254. PMID 18974018
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  255. ^
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  256. ^
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  257. S2CID 205767262
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  263. PMID 21826635
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  264. PMID 19083836
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  265. PMID 20215030
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  266. PMID 11032790
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  267. ^
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  268. ^
    PMID 21565570
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  269. ^
    PMID 26736138
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  270. S2CID 31546021
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  271. S2CID 9663568
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  272. S2CID 24849262
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  273. PMID 25775361
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  274. PMID 21469069
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  276. PMID 19962926
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  277. PMID 22576450
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  278. PMID 16455219
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  279. doi:10.1016/j.fsigss.2007.10.101
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  280. PMID 20129429
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  281. S2CID 8723477
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  282. PMID 19628418
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  283. PMID 22481873
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  284. S2CID 149715
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  285. S2CID 31546021
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  286. S2CID 140170471
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Sources for conversion tables

External links
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haplogroup_T-M184&oldid=1217475759"