Hard power
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In politics, hard power is the use of
According to
History
While the existence of hard power has a long history, the term itself arose when Joseph Nye coined soft power as a new and different form of power in a sovereign state's foreign policy.[4] According to the realist school in international relations theory, power is linked with the possession of certain tangible resources, including population, territory, natural resources, economic and military strength, among others. Hard power describes a nation or political body's ability to use economic incentives or military strength to influence other actors' behaviors.
Hard power encompasses a wide range of coercive policies, such as
Examples
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The
Joseph Nye has used the term to define some policy measures in regard to
Another example of hard power can be seen in recent times which is military action against Islamic State 2013 which was in response to rapid territorial gains made by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) during the first half of 2014, and its condemned executions on a global scale, reported human rights abuses and the fear of further gains due to the Syrian Civil War, many states began to intervene against it in both the Syrian Civil War and the Iraqi Civil War.
See also
- Soft power
- Sharp power
- Smart power
- Power (international relations)
- Power (social and political)
- Hostage diplomacy
References
- ^ a b Copeland, Daryl (Feb 2, 2010). "Hard Power Vs. Soft Power". The Mark. Archived from the original on 1 May 2012. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
- ^ Nye, Joseph S. (January 10, 2003). "Propaganda Isn't the Way: Soft Power". International Herald Tribune. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
- ^
Wilson, Ernest J. (March 2008). "Hard Power, Soft Power, Smart Power" (PDF). The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 616 (1): 110–124. S2CID 145117752. Retrieved October 1, 2012.
- ^ a b Barzegar, Kayhan (July 10, 2008). "Joseph Nye on Smart Power in Iran-U.S. Relations". Belfer Center. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
- ^ Copeland, Daryl (Feb 2, 2010). "When it comes to Afghanistan, mixing military might with diplomatic talk is easier said than done". The Mark. Archived from the original on 1 May 2012. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
- ^ Godson, Roy (Feb 6, 2012). "Between Hard Power and Soft". The Weekly Standard. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
- ^ Zirulnick, Ariel (24 February 2011). "Sanction Qaddafi? How 5 nations have reacted to sanctions: Iran". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
Further reading
- Kurt Campbell and Michael O'Hanlon, Hard Power: The New Politics of National Security.
- Joseph S. Nye, Jr, Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics.