Harry Chauvel

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Sir Harry Chauvel
Anzac Mounted Division (1916)
1st Division (1915–16)
New Zealand and Australian Division (1915)
1st Light Horse Brigade
(1914–15)
Battles/wars
Awards
Mentioned in Despatches (11)
Grand Officer of the Order of the Nile (Egypt)
Croix de guerre
(France)

First World War. He was the first Australian to attain the rank of lieutenant general and later general, and the first to lead a corps. As commander of the Desert Mounted Corps
, he was responsible for one of the most decisive victories and fastest pursuits in military history.

The son of a

Queen Victoria. In 1899 he commanded one of two companies of Queensland Mounted Infantry that were Queensland's initial contribution to the Boer War. After the war, he was closely involved with the training of the Australian Light Horse
.

Promoted to

Anzac Mounted Division, gaining victories in the Battle of Romani in August and the Battle of Magdhaba in December, and nearly winning the First Battle of Gaza in March 1917. The following month, he took over the Desert Column, later known as the Desert Mounted Corps, thereby becoming the first Australian to command a corps, and the first to reach the rank of lieutenant general. At Beersheba in October 1917, his light horse captured the town and its vital water supply in one of history's last great cavalry charges. By September 1918, Chauvel was able to effect a secret redeployment of three of his mounted divisions and launch a surprise attack on the enemy that won the Battle of Megiddo
. He followed up this victory with one of the fastest pursuits in military history.

In 1919, Chauvel was appointed Inspector General, the Army's most senior post. He was forced to maintain an increasingly hollow structure by politicians intent on cutting expenditure. He was concurrently Chief of the General Staff from 1923 until his retirement in 1930. In November 1929, he became the first Australian to be promoted to the rank of general. During the Second World War, he was recalled to duty as Inspector in Chief of the Volunteer Defence Corps.

Early life

Henry George Chauvel was born in

captain in the Upper Clarence Light Horse, with his sons Arthur and Harry becoming second lieutenants, while his two younger sons became troopers. The unit escorted Lord Carrington, Governor of New South Wales, when he formally opened the railway at Tenterfield in 1886.[4]

Following a

Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany. Harry resigned his commission in the New South Wales Military Forces when he moved to Queensland, but on 9 January 1890 he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Queensland Mounted Infantry. After completing his examinations for the rank, he was confirmed as lieutenant in June 1890.[5]

Chauvel's unit was called up in March 1891 during the

Queensland Police, Chauvel was given the task of escorting a party of strikebreakers to a station north of Charleville. Near Oakwood, Chauvel's troops were confronted by a crowd of around two hundred mounted sheep shearers. When the inspector in charge of the police detachment arrested four of the shearers who were wanted by the police, the crowd became agitated, but Chauvel managed to disperse the crowd peacefully, and bring his charges safely to their destination. During the 1894 Australian shearers' strike, the Queensland government enrolled special constables rather than calling up the militia. Chauvel was appointed a temporary sub-inspector in Clermont, and later the district around Longreach.[6]

On 9 September 1896, Chauvel transferred to the Queensland Permanent Military Forces with the rank of captain in the

Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria. Sporting the emu feathers worn by Queensland units, he marched with the colonial troops through London behind Lord Roberts on 21 June 1897. Chauvel qualified at the School of Musketry at Hythe, Kent, and served on exchange with the 3rd Battalion, King's Royal Rifle Corps and 2nd Battalion, Royal Berkshire Regiment at Aldershot. On returning to Australia, he became a staff officer at headquarters, Queensland Defence Force.[7]

Boer War

Group of soldiers gathered in a semicircle for an informal portrait. They are wearing a variety of different headgear including pith helmets, garrison caps and slouch hats. An unsmiling Chauvel wears a bandolier and slouch hat, and holds a rifle.
Officers of the Queensland Mounted Infantry. Chauvel is squatting in the front row, second from the right, holding a rifle.

In July 1899, the

Major General John French's Cavalry Division. After a strenuous march, the Cavalry Division relieved the siege of Kimberley on 15 February.[9]

In the reorganisation that followed, the Queensland Mounted Infantry became part of Major General

Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG).[13]

Head and shoulders view of man with large moustache in uniform, with Sam Brown belt, rising sun badges on his collars, and a slouch hat, turned up on the left side. He wears two ribbons on the left breast.
Lieutenant Colonel H. G. Chauvel, 31 May 1902

On 1 January 1901, the colonies of Australia federated to form the Commonwealth of Australia. When Chauvel returned to Australia on 17 January, he found that during his absence he had become an officer in the newly formed Australian Army. A force of 14,000 troops was assembled for the opening of the first Federal Parliament on 9 May 1901 in Melbourne; Chauvel was selected as brigade major of the mounted contingent, his first Federal posting. He became Staff Officer, Northern Military District, based at Townsville, Queensland, in July. In 1902, Chauvel was appointed to command of the 7th Commonwealth Light Horse, a unit newly raised for service in South Africa,[14] with the local rank of lieutenant colonel.[15] Departing from Brisbane on 17 May 1902, the 7th Commonwealth Light Horse arrived at Durban on 22 June, three weeks after the war ended. It therefore re-embarked for Brisbane, where it was disbanded. Chauvel remained in South Africa for a few weeks in order to tour the battlefields. On returning to Australia he became Staff Officer, Northern Military District once more. He was promoted to the brevet rank of lieutenant colonel in December 1902.[14]

In 1903, Hutton, now

Charles Hoad. Based on his experiences in South Africa, Chauvel propounded ideas on the nature of mounted infantry. He recommended that Australian troops improve their discipline in the field, called for stronger leadership from officers, and emphasised the need for better organisation for supply and for timely and efficient medical evacuation.[16]

Chauvel knew Keith Jopp of

J.E.B. Stuart to make their name immortal."[18]

First World War

War Office

Chauvel was promoted to

High Commissioner for Australia in London, former Prime Minister Sir George Reid, to approach Lord Kitchener with an alternate plan of diverting the AIF to Egypt, which was done. Accompanied by Major Thomas Blamey, Chauvel sailed for Egypt on the ocean liner SS Mooltan on 28 November 1914, arriving at Port Said on 10 December 1914.[20]

Gallipoli

Chauvel began training his brigade upon arrival in Egypt. He was noted for insisting on high standards of dress and bearing from his troops.

Gallipoli Campaign, however, the light horse were called upon to provide 1,000 reinforcements. The British commander in Egypt, Lieutenant General Sir John Maxwell, elected instead to ship the mounted brigades to Anzac Cove intact.[24]

Soldier wearing Sam Browne belt and peaked cap, with a walking stick, sitting in front of a sandbagged doorway half covered by a tarpaulin. A sign says: "headquarters".
Brigadier General H. G. Chauvel outside his headquarters at Monash Valley

Chauvel arrived on 12 May 1915 and took over the critical sector, which included Pope's Hill and Quinn's, Courtney's and Steele's Posts, from Colonel

J. H. Cannan was absent on leave and the acting commander, Lieutenant Colonel G. J. Burnage was wounded in the fighting. Chauvel responded by bringing up reserves and appointing a temporary post commander, Lieutenant Colonel H. Pope, with orders to drive the Turks out at all costs. Major S. C. E. Herring was miraculously able to charge across the open practically unscathed, his attack having coincided with a Turkish one on another part of the post so that the Turkish machine gunners could not shoot without hitting their own men. There were in fact only about seventeen Turks in the post, who eventually surrendered. Chauvel's decision may have been the wrong one, but it was decisive; he was also lucky.[28] For this action, he was mentioned in despatches.[29]

On 9 July 1915, Chauvel was promoted to

Companion of the Order of the Bath.[35]

Sinai

Anzac Mounted Division

52nd (Lowland) Division
's infantry brigades in a line of redoubts 1 to 11 and 21 to 23, with the 1st and 2nd Light Horse Brigades extending the line of defence towards Hod el Enna

Chauvel assumed command of the newly formed

3rd Light Horse Brigade had been placed under No. 2 Section by General Sir Archibald Murray GHQ Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF).[39] Lawrence was too far away to control the battle, especially once the telephone lines were cut. Murray, in Ismailia, was even further back.[40]

Chauvel was no hard-riding gambler against odds. Like Alva, he could on occasion ignore the ardent enthusiasm of his officers and bide his time. Always cool, and looking far enough ahead to see the importance of any particular fight in its proper relation to the war as a whole, he was brave enough to break off an engagement if it promised victory only at what he considered an excessive cost to his men and horses. He fought to win, but not at any price. He sought victory on his own terms. He always retained, even in heated moments of battle, when leaders are often careless of life, a very rare concern for the lives of his men and his horses.

— Henry Gullett official Australian historian[41]

For the

West Africa Campaign.[40]

In his report to the War Office on the battle, Murray passed lightly over the part played by the

Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath, but Chauvel, having already been made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George for South Africa and Companion of the Order of the Bath for Gallipoli, was recommended for a lesser award, which he refused. In view of this, Murray decided that Chauvel should receive no award at all,[48] and he was merely mentioned in despatches.[49]

Desert Column

A large number of men mounted on camels in a treeless desert. There is a town in the distance, and bare rocky mountains beyond.
Mounted troops of the Imperial Camel Corps Brigade with the Egyptian town of Magdhaba in the distance, 23 December 1916

In October 1916 Major General Sir

1st Light Horse Brigade, whose troops carried the position, and was cancelled by Chetwode. Despite his premature withdrawal order, it was Chauvel's plan of attack that won the battle.[52] "Chauvel's leadership," wrote Henry Gullett, "was distinguished by the rapidity with which he summed up the very obscure Turkish position in the early morning, and by his judgement and characteristic patience in keeping so much of his force in reserve until the fight developed sufficiently to ensure its most profitable employment."[53]

Chauvel gained another important success in the

Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George.[55] In July, he was mentioned in despatches for these operations.[56]

However, Chauvel continued to be concerned about the lack of recognition for Australian and New Zealand troops and on 28 September 1917 wrote:

The point is now that, during the period covered by Sir Archibald's Despatch of 1–3–17, the Australia and New Zealand Troops well know that, with the exception of the 5th Mounted Brigade and some Yeomanry Companies of the I.C.C., they were absolutely the only troops engaged with the enemy on this front and yet they see that they have again got a very small portion indeed of the hundreds of Honours and Rewards (including mentions in Despatches) that have been granted. My Lists when commanding the A. & N.Z. Mounted Division, were modest ones under all the circumstances and in that perhaps I am partly to blame but, as you will see by attached list, a good many of my recommendations were cut out and in some cases those recommended for decorations were not even mentioned in Despatches. I am well aware that it is difficult to do anything now to right this, but consider that the Commander–in–Chief [Allenby] should know that there is a great deal of bitterness over it.

— Chauvel to EEF General Staff[57]

Chauvel appended 32 names of soldiers he recommended for awards that had been ignored. Two New Zealanders recommended for a Bar to their Distinguished Service Orders (DSO) were not even mentioned in despatches and an outstanding Australian regimental commander recommended for the CMG was also not even mentioned in despatches, while a brigade commander and a staff officer Chauvel recommended for DSOs received mentions.[57]

Palestine

In January 1917, a second mounted division – the

Robert Anderson to Cairo to discuss the matter frankly with Chauvel and his superiors. As a result, the Imperial Mounted Division was renamed the Australian Mounted Division.[58][59]

In the First Battle of Gaza in March 1917, Chauvel's mission was similar to Rafa and Magdhaba, but on a larger scale. He enveloped the Turkish position at Gaza while the British 53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division and 54th (East Anglian) Infantry Division attempted to capture it.[60] When this failed, Chetwode ordered Chauvel to attempt to capture Gaza from the rear. Chauvel successfully improvised a late afternoon assault on Gaza that captured the town despite the barriers of high cactus hedges and fierce enemy opposition, entering it after dark, only to have an out-of-touch Dobell order the mounted troops to withdraw, despite Chauvel's protests. This time his brigadiers at the front, Generals Ryrie and Chaytor, although they believed that Gaza could be held, felt compelled to obey, as they could not see the whole battle. All guns, including captured ones were hauled away, as were all unwounded prisoners, the wounded and even the dead.[61] Chauvel ensured that wounded Turkish prisoners that were unfit to make the march to Deir al-Balah were each left with a full water bottle.[62]

Dobell launched the

Edmund Allenby took over the EEF from Murray.[64] Allenby moved his headquarters to Palestine and re-organised his command along more regular lines. Eastern Force was abolished and two corps headquarters were formed, XX Corps under Chetwode and XXI Corps under Lieutenant General Edward Bulfin.[65] The three corps commanders were professional soldiers, none of whom had graduated from a military college or a staff college, they had all been commissioned from the militia or volunteers.[66][67]

Two weeks before Allenby arrived, Chauvel attended an awards ceremony:

Mick Bruxner ... was the first recipient and you should have seen his face when he realised he was going to be kissed ... Irwin of the 1st Regiment is a very tall man and had to have his head pulled down and they ... say that he kissed the old General back. I cannot say as I was having such a job keeping my countenance that I was pretending to read something I had in my hand."

— Chauvel letter to his wife 12 June 1917[68]

Desert Mounted Corps

Lieutenant General Sir Harry Chauvel with his Desert Mounted Corps Headquarters staff, in front of his HQ building, now Rehovot, Israel

When Chauvel learned that the Desert Column was to be renamed the 2nd Cavalry Corps he requested

Imperial Camel Corps Brigade.[65]

Although some British thought that Allenby should replace Chauvel with a British officer, Allenby retained him in command. However he overrode Chauvel's own preference to appoint a Royal Horse Guards officer, Brigadier General Richard Howard-Vyse, known as "Wombat", as Chauvel's chief of staff. Chauvel thus, on 2 August 1917, became the first Australian to permanently command a corps.[69] A "brass-bound brigadier" was quoted as saying, "Fancy giving the command of the biggest mounted force in the world's history to an Australian."[70] On being told of the appointments, in a letter dated 12 August 1917 Chetwode wrote to congratulate Chauvel, "I cannot say how much I envy you the command of the largest body of mounted men ever under one hand – it is my own trade – but Fate has willed it otherwise."[67][Note 1] At Romani Chauvel had been a battleground commander who led from the front while Chetwode, relying on the phone had been deciding to retreat at the victory at Rafa. Chetwode's "arms length" style of command also impacted the First Battle of Gaza.[71]

In the

Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in the 1918 New Year Honours List.[77]

Chauvel, however, was still disappointed with the failure to destroy the Turkish army. The Turks had fought hard, forcing the commitment of the Desert Mounted Corps in heavy action before the moment for a sweeping pursuit came. When it did, the men and horses were too tired and could not summon the required energy.

Spahis and Chasseurs d'Afrique.[81]

Lieutenant General Sir Harry Chauvel, Commander in Chief, Desert Mounted Corps leading his troops through Damascus on 2 October 1918 the day after his corps captured the city
Prince Feisal leaving Chauvel's Desert Mounted Corps Headquarters in Damascus

In September 1918, Chauvel was able to effect a secret redeployment of two of his mounted divisions.[82] Allenby launched a surprise attack on the enemy and won the Battle of Megiddo. He then followed up this victory with one of the fastest pursuits in military history – 167 km in only three days.[83] This time he succeeded in destroying the Turkish army. The Desert Mounted Corps moved across the Golan Heights and captured Damascus on 1 October. Between 19 September and 2 October, the Australian Mounted Division lost 21 killed and 71 wounded, and captured 31,335 Turkish prisoners.[84] To restore calm in the city, Chauvel ordered a show of force. Lieutenant Colonel T. E. Lawrence later lampooned this as a "triumphal entry" but it was actually a shrewd political stroke,[85] freeing Chauvel's forces to advance another 300 km to Aleppo, which was captured on 25 October. Five days later, Turkey surrendered.[86] For this victory, Chauvel was again mentioned in despatches.[87]

Commemorative stela of Nahr el-Kalb, near the stone tablet recording the occupation of Beirut and Tripoli

Chauvel was obliged to remain in the Middle East due to the situation in

Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George in June 1919,[89] was awarded the French Croix de Guerre avec Palme by the President of France and the Order of the Nile (2nd Class) by the Sultan of Egypt,[90][91] and was mentioned in despatches for the 11th time.[92] At his special request, when he was conferred with vestments and accoutrements of the Order of St Michael and St George by King George V, the King dubbed him "Sir Harry" rather than "Sir Henry".[93]

Later life

Between the wars

Chauvel's AIF appointment was terminated on 9 December 1919, and the next day he was appointed Inspector General, the Army's most senior post,

Second World War, historian Gavin Long noted that Chauvel's annual reports were "a series of wise and penetrating examinations of Australian military problems of which, however, little notice was taken".[98]

Aerial view of a square temple structure, surrounded by thousands of people.
The dedication ceremony for the Shrine of Remembrance. Over 300,000 people were in attendance, a figure that was approximately a third of Melbourne's population at the time.

In February 1920, Chauvel was promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant general, back-dated to 31 December 1919. In January 1920, he chaired a committee to examine the future structure of the army. The committee's recommendations proved to be next to impossible to implement in the face of defence cuts that were imposed in 1920 and 1922.[99] On Lieutenant General Brudenell White's retirement as Chief of the General Staff in 1923, that post was divided into two, with Chauvel becoming 1st Chief of the General Staff as well as Inspector General, while Brigadier General Thomas Blamey became 2nd Chief of the General Staff.[100] Chauvel also served as Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee, being the senior of the three service chiefs.[101] In November 1929, he became the first Australian to be promoted to the rank of general.[1] He attempted to maintain the Army's structure in the face of short-sighted politicians intent on cutting expenditure. As a result, the Army became increasingly hollow, retaining the form of a large force without the substance. When conscription was abolished by Prime Minister James Scullin's government in 1929, it was left up to Chauvel to attempt to make the new volunteer system work. He finally retired in April 1930.[102]

Head and shoulders of man in Army uniform with Sam Brown belt and slouch hat with emu feathers.
Chauvel at Maribyrnong camp in March 1923.

Chauvel's sons Ian and Edward resigned their commissions in the Australian Army in 1930 and 1932 respectively, and accepted commissions in cavalry regiments of the

Black Friday Bushfires of 1939. When the property was threatened by fire, he directed the firefighting effort, and at one point climbed a tree close to the house to hack away burning branches.[103]

The dedication of the

secular one.[106]

Second World War and legacy

During the

Battle of Singapore. Chauvel remained with the VDC, based at Victoria Barracks, Melbourne but constantly travelling on inspections until his death on 4 March 1945.[107]

Five soldiers in a line, all in greatcoats except the closest and all wearing steel helmets except the one in the middle, who is wearing a peaked cap with oak leaves on the peak.
General Sir Harry Chauvel (centre) with a group of officers holding Owen guns

Chauvel was given a state funeral service at

Adjutant General; and Major General Clive Steele, Engineer in Chief.[108]

Portraits of Chauvel are held by the Australian War Memorial in Canberra, the Naval and Military Club in Melbourne, and the Imperial War Museum in London. A portrait by George Washington Lambert is in the possession of the family. Chauvel is commemorated in a bronze plaque in St Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne. His sword is in Christ Church, South Yarra, his uniform in the Australian War Memorial, and his saddle is kept by the 1st Armoured Regiment in South Australia. There is also a memorial window in the chapel of the Royal Military College, Duntroon.[1] Chauvel Street in North Ryde, Sydney is named in his honour.[109]

Chauvel's daughter Elyne Mitchell wrote a number of non-fiction works about her father and his corps. In his book Seven Pillars of Wisdom, T. E. Lawrence provided a wildly inaccurate version of Chauvel.[110] Charles Bean noted that "this wise, good and considerate commander was far from the stupid martinet that readers of Lawrence's Seven Pillars of Wisdom might infer."[111] Lawrence confessed that "little of his book was strict truth though most of it was based on fact."[112]

Chauvel's nephew Charles Chauvel became a well-known film director, whose films included Forty Thousand Horsemen (1940), about the Battle of Beersheba.

Harry Chauvel was portrayed in film: by

Paris peace conference; and by Colin Baker in the 1992 Young Indiana Jones
TV movie Daredevils of the Desert, another retelling of the Third Battle of Gaza from the director of The Lighthorsemen.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Murat's Reserve Cavalry in 1805 had been 22,000 while Bessieres' Reserve Cavalry in 1809 had been 29,000, both larger than Chauvel's 20,000. Hill notes the war establishment of a mounted division in July 1917 was 7,991, so Chauvel would have commanded about 24,000. He also notes the reference to "Forty Thousand Horsemen" in the name of a film directed by Charles Chauvel, (Chauvel's nephew) was a myth. [Hill 1978 pp. 119–20, note]

Citations

  1. ^
    ISSN 1833-7538
    . Retrieved 11 January 2010.
  2. ^ Hill 1978, p. 3
  3. ^ Hill 1978, p. 1
  4. ^ Hill 1978, pp. 4–6
  5. ^ Hill 1978, pp. 6–7
  6. ^ Hill 1978, pp. 8–9
  7. ^ Hill 1978, pp. 10–12
  8. ^ Hill 1978, pp. 14–16
  9. ^ Hill 1978, pp. 17–20
  10. ^ Hill 1978, pp. 22–20
  11. ^ Hill 1978, p. 30
  12. ^ "No. 27305". The London Gazette. 16 April 1901. p. 2607. mentioned in despatches (Boer War)
  13. ^ "No. 27306". The London Gazette. 19 April 1901. p. 2699. Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG)
  14. ^ a b Hill 1978, pp. 30–31
  15. ^ "No. 27583". The London Gazette. 4 August 1903. p. 4905. Commander, 7th Commonwealth Light Horse
  16. ^ a b c Hill 1978, pp. 33–37
  17. ^ Hill 1978, pp. 40–42
  18. ^ Hill 1978, p. 42
  19. ^ "First World War Service Record – Henry George Chauvel". National Archives of Australia. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
  20. ^ Hill 1978, pp. 42–46
  21. ^ Bean 1921, p. 138
  22. ^ Bean 1921, p. 118
  23. ^ Bean 1921, p. 216
  24. ^ Bean 1921, pp. 599–600
  25. ^ Bean 1924, pp. 116–117
  26. ^ Bean 1924, pp. 200–201
  27. ^ Bean 1924, pp. 248–253
  28. ^ Bean 1924, pp. 206–229
  29. ^ "No. 29354". The London Gazette (Supplement). 5 November 1915. p. 11001. mentioned in despatches (Quinn's Post)
  30. ^ "No. 29224". The London Gazette. 9 July 1915. p. 6707. appointment to Brigadier General
  31. ^ Hill 1978, p. 58
  32. ^ "No. 29455". The London Gazette (Supplement). 28 January 1916. p. 1207. mentioned in despatches (August offensive)
  33. ^ Bean 1929, p. 44
  34. ^ "No. 29664". The London Gazette (Supplement). 13 July 1916. p. 6942. mentioned in despatches (Gallipoli evacuation)
  35. ^ "No. 29438". The London Gazette (Supplement). 11 January 1916. p. 564. Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB)
  36. ^ Gullett 1923, p. 58
  37. ^ Gullett 1923, p. 68
  38. ^ "No. 29763". The London Gazette (Supplement). 25 September 1916. p. 9341. mentioned in despatches (defence of Suez Canal)
  39. ^ Hill 1978, pp. 70–71
  40. ^ a b Hill 1978, pp. 82–83
  41. ^ Gullett 1923, p. 63
  42. ^ Hill 1978, pp. 74–77
  43. ^ Gullett 1923, pp. 167–169
  44. ^ Gullett 1923, p. 173
  45. ^ Gullett 1923, p. 191
  46. ^ Gullett 1923, p. 184
  47. ^ Gullett 1923, p. 192
  48. ^ Hill 1978, p. 94
  49. ^ "No. 29845". The London Gazette (Supplement). 1 December 1916. p. 11807. mentioned in despatches (Battle of Romani)
  50. ^ Gullett 1923, p. 207
  51. ^ MacMunn & Falls 1928, p. 203
  52. ^ Gullett 1923, pp. 214–228
  53. ^ Gullett 1923, p. 228
  54. ^ Hill 1978, pp. 90–93
  55. ^ "No. 29909". The London Gazette. 18 January 1917. p. 749. Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG)
  56. ^ "No. 30169". The London Gazette (Supplement). 6 July 1917. p. 6772. mentioned in despatches (Battle of Magdhaba)
  57. ^ a b Hill 1978, p. 122
  58. ^ Gullett 1923, pp. 255–257
  59. ^ Falls & MacMunn 1930, pp. 273–4
  60. ^ Gullett 1923, pp. 264–265
  61. ^ Gullett 1923, pp. 277–286
  62. ^ Hill 1978, p. 105
  63. ^ Gullett 1923, pp. 302–307
  64. ^ Gullett 1923, pp. 334–335
  65. ^ a b Gullett 1923, pp. 361–365
  66. ^ Cutlack 1941, pp. 63–4
  67. ^ a b c Hill 1978, p. 118
  68. ^ Hill 1978, p. 116
  69. ^ Hill 1978, pp. 118–123
  70. ^ Paterson 1934, p. 120
  71. ^ Hill 1978, pp. 119–20
  72. ^ Gullett 1923, pp. 345–351
  73. ^ Gullett 1923, pp. 363–367
  74. ^ Gullett 1923, pp. 394–402
  75. ^ "No. 30480". The London Gazette (Supplement). 15 January 1918. p. 937. mentioned in despatches (Beersheba)
  76. ^ "No. 30492". The London Gazette (Supplement). 25 January 1918. p. 1195. mentioned in despatches (Beersheba)
  77. ^ "No. 30624". The London Gazette (Supplement). 11 April 1918. p. 4409. Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB)
  78. ^ Gullett 1923, pp. 439–444
  79. ^ Gullett 1923, pp. 651–657
  80. ^ Hill 1978, pp. 142–145
  81. ^ Gullett 1923, pp. 639–641
  82. ^ Gullett 1923, pp. 688–692
  83. ^ Gullett 1923, pp. 693–712
  84. ^ Gullett 1923, pp. 761–772
  85. ^ Hill 1978, pp. 181–182
  86. ^ Gullett 1923, pp. 776–779
  87. ^ "No. 31138". The London Gazette. 21 January 1919. p. 1164. mentioned in despatches (Damascus and Aleppo)
  88. ^ Hill 1978, pp. 190–196
  89. ^ "No. 31395". The London Gazette. 9 June 1919. p. 7422. Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG)
  90. ^ "No. 31393". The London Gazette (Supplement). 7 June 1919. p. 7398. Croix de Guerre avec Palme
  91. ^ "No. 31002". The London Gazette (Supplement). 8 November 1918. p. 13273. Order of the Nile
  92. ^ "No. 31498". The London Gazette (Supplement). 8 August 1919. p. 10194. mentioned in despatches (commander of the Desert Mounted Corps)
  93. ^ Hill 1978, p. 196
  94. ^ Hill 1978, p. 199
  95. ^ Hill 1978, p. 218
  96. ^ Wood 2006, pp. 57–58
  97. ^ Hill 1978, p. 214
  98. ^ Long 1952, p. 5
  99. ^ Hill 1978, pp. 200–203
  100. ^ Hill 1978, pp. 207–209
  101. ^ Hill 1978, p. 215
  102. ^ Hill 1978, pp. 217–219
  103. ^ Hill 1978, pp. 222–223
  104. ^ Hill 1978, p. 223
  105. ^ Hill 1978, pp. 225–226
  106. ^ Hill 1978, p. 222
  107. ^ Hill 1978, pp. 228–229
  108. The Argus
    , p. 3, 6 March 1945
  109. ^ "Origins of the Street Names of the City of Ryde" (PDF). The Ryde District Historical Society. 7 October 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2015.
  110. ^ Hill 1978, p. 224
  111. ^ Bean 1948, p. 321
  112. ^ Hill 1978, p. 181

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Henry George Chauvel.
Military offices
Preceded by
Lieutenant General Sir Brudenell White
 Chief of the General Staff
1923–1930 		Succeeded by
Major General Walter Coxen
New command General Officer Commanding
Anzac Mounted Division

1916–1917 		Succeeded by
Major General Sir Edward Chaytor
Preceded by
Brigadier General Talbot Hobbs
 General Officer Commanding 1st Division
1915–1916 		Succeeded by
Major General
Sir Harold Walker

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