Harry H. Laughlin
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (June 2011) |
Harry H. Laughlin | |
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DSc ) | |
Occupation(s) | Educator and eugenicist |
Spouse | Pansy Laughlin |
Part of a series on |
Eugenics in the United States |
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Harry Hamilton Laughlin (March 11, 1880 – January 26, 1943) was an American educator and eugenicist. He served as the superintendent of the Eugenics Record Office from its inception in 1910 to its closure in 1939, and was among the most active individuals influencing American eugenics policy, especially compulsory sterilization legislation.
Biography
Early life
Harry Hamilton Laughlin was born March 11, 1880, in Oskaloosa, Iowa. He graduated from the First District Normal School (now Truman State University) in Kirksville, Missouri. In 1917, he earned a Doctor of Science degree from Princeton University in the field of cytology.
Career
Eugenics Record Office
He worked as a high school teacher and principal before his interest turned to eugenics. This led to his correspondence with Charles Davenport, an early researcher into Mendelian inheritance in the United States. In 1910, Davenport asked Laughlin to move to Long Island, New York, to serve as the superintendent of his new research office.[1]
The
Laughlin provided extensive statistical testimony to the
He was eventually appointed as an expert eugenics agent to the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization (the 1924 law applied national-origin quotas on immigrants, which stopped the large Italian and Russian influx of the early 1900s).
In 1927, the Eugenics Research Association, of which Laughlin was an officer, began a study of the heritage of U.S. Senators. Some senators were enthusiastic while others reluctantly complied, and Senator William Cabell Bruce questioned whether eugenics was even a science and refused to participate. Laughlin wrote to Bruce's hometown newspaper in an attempt to gain the information.
Sterilization laws
One of Laughlin's interests was to encourage the proliferation of
The first person ordered sterilized in Virginia under the new law was
Association with German eugenics
The
Laughlin was a founding member of the Pioneer Fund, and was its first president, serving from 1937 to 1941. The Pioneer Fund was created by Wickliffe Draper in order to promote the "betterment of the race" through eugenics. Draper had been supporting the Eugenics Research Association and its Eugenical News since 1932. One of the first projects that Laughlin pursued for the Fund was the distribution of two films from Germany depicting the success of eugenics programs in that country.
Laughlin lobbied to keep immigration barriers enforced during the Nazi Holocaust, preventing Jews from reaching safety in the United States.[3] A biographer has described Laughlin as "among the most racist and anti-Semitic of early twentieth-century eugenicists."[8]
World government
As well as his interest in eugenics, Laughlin was fascinated by the idea of establishing a world government. He worked on his plans for this throughout his adult life. The world government model that he devised was loosely based on the
Retirement and death
Laughlin and his wife Pansy married in 1902; the couple did not have children. Laughlin was pressured into retirement by Vannevar Bush in 1939, after a series of severe seizures.[10] These seizures may have been due to hereditary epilepsy.[11] After his retirement from the Eugenics Record Office, the couple returned to Kirksville in December 1939. Laughlin died January 26, 1943, and was buried near his father and mother in Highland Park Cemetery in Kirksville.[12][13]
See also
- Eugenics in the United States
- E. S. Gosney
- Madison Grant
- Human Betterment Foundation
- Paul B. Popenoe
References
- ^ "Eugenic Archives: Eugenics Record Office, board of scientific directors and functions". www.eugenicsarchive.org. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
- ^ Laughlin, Harry. "Eugenical Sterilization in the United States". PSYCHOPATHIC LABORATORY OF THE MUNICIPAL COURT OF CHICAGO. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
- ^ JSTOR 2962466.
- ISSN 0002-9602.
- ^ Hughes, J.E. (1940). Eugenic Sterilization in the United States: A Comparative Summary of Statutes and Review of Court Decisions. Public health reports: Supplement. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 34. Retrieved 2021-12-05.
- ISBN 978-0-375-71305-7.
- ^ "Nazi Connection – Harry Laughlin and Eugenics". Retrieved 2021-06-01.
- ^ Lombardo, Paul A. "The American Breed": Nazi Eugenics and the Origins of the Pioneer Fund. Albany Law Review, Vol. 65, No. 3, P. 822.
- S2CID 144793400– via Cambridge Core.
- ISBN 0-520-05763-5.
- ISBN 978-0-914153-30-6.
- ^ "Dr. Harry H. Laughlin Geneticist and Author, 62, Once With Carnegie Institute, Dies". The New York Times. January 28, 1943. Retrieved 2010-07-04.
Dr. Harry Hamilton Laughlin, geneticist and immigration authority, died here yesterday at the age of 62. Dr. Laughlin urged for years restriction of ...
- ^ "Kirksville Devil's Chair". Atlas Obscura.
Further reading
- Black, Edwin (2003). War Against the Weak: Eugenics and America's Campaign to Create a Master Race. New York: Four Walls Eight Windows. ISBN 978-1-56858-258-0. Winner, "2003 Best Book of the Year," International Human Rights Award.
- Bruinius, Harry (2007). Better for All the World: The Secret History of Forced Sterilization and America's Quest for Racial Purity. New York: ISBN 978-0-375-71305-7.
- ISBN 0-87969-805-5
- Kühl, Stefan (2002). The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-514978-4. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
- Harry H. Laughlin, Eugenical Sterilization in the United States (Chicago: Psychopathic Laboratory of the Municipal Court of Chicago, 1922).
- Spiro, Jonathan P. (2009). Defending the Master Race: Conservation, Eugenics, and the Legacy of Madison Grant. Univ. of Vermont Press. ISBN 978-1-58465-715-6.
- ISBN 978-0-252-07463-9.
- McDonald, Jason (2013). "Making the World Safe for Eugenics." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8936965&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S1537781413000212
External links
- Harry H. Laughlin Papers at Truman State University
- Eugenics Images Archive at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- The Sterilization of America: A Cautionary History
- University of Virginia: Eugenics
- Laughlin, Harry H. Eugenical Sterilization in the United States. Psychopathic Laboratory of the Municipal Court of Chicago, 1922.