Philip A. Hart Plaza
42°19′42″N 83°02′40″W / 42.3283851°N 83.0443216°W
Philip A. Hart Plaza | |
---|---|
Type | Municipal (City of Detroit) |
Location | Detroit |
Area | 14-acre (5.7 ha) |
Created | 1975 |
Operated by | City of Detroit |
Open | All year |
Status | Open |
Philip A. Hart Plaza, in
The 14-acre (5.7 ha) plaza, which is named for the late U.S. Senator Philip Hart, opened in 1975 and has a capacity for about 40,000 people.[2] At the center of the plaza is the Horace E. Dodge and Son Memorial Fountain, designed by Isamu Noguchi and Walter Budd in 1978.
History
The area where Hart Plaza stands today is believed to be where
It wasn't until 1890 that Hazen S. Pingree, Detroit's mayor at that time, suggested the location would be ideal for the creation of a waterfront center for city functions. However, the project was not carried through.[2]
In 1924, the architect Eliel Saarinen was commissioned by the AIA of Michigan to compose a waterfront civic center design. However, World War II got in the way of its development, and it wasn't until the late 1940s that things got under way. The first parts to go up in the area were the buildings, including a veteran's hall, an auditorium, and the city-county building.[2]
Finally, it came to the creation of what is now Hart Plaza. What was created was a departure from Saarinen's original design, which was originally to be a grassy lawn area. It was decided to build the current concrete plaza instead, with several built in amphitheaters for concerts, as well as Dodge Fountain. The final design was done by the firm of
The plaza opened in 1975 and in 1976 was dedicated to Philip Hart, a United States Senator from 1959 to 1976. However, the park was not completed until 1979.[3]
On the city's 300th birthday — July 24, 2001 - a statue was unveiled depicting Antoine Laumet de La Mothe, sieur de Cadillac arrival at what would become Detroit in 1701.[4]
On October 20, 2001, the Gateway to Freedom International Memorial to the Underground Railroad opened — commemorating Detroit's role in the Underground Railroad. It was sculpted by Edward Dwight, after winning a competition to design the International Memorial to the Underground Railroad.[5]
Transcending, an arch sculpture and the Michigan Labor Legacy Landmark, was dedicated on August 30, 2003. It is located west of the entrance to Hart Plaza near the intersection of Woodward Avenue and Jefferson Avenue[6]
In 2006 the Detroit/Wayne County Port Authority added a cruise ship dock and passenger terminal to the site.[7]
Events
Thousands of people from the Midwest and Canada come together during the summer for celebrations, concerts held in one of the plaza's two open-air amphitheaters, and festivals generally held from May through September.
Some of the events held at Hart Plaza over the years include:[8][9]
- African World Festival
- Arab and Chaldean Festival
- Detroit China Festival
- Detroit Electronic Music Festival (Movement)
- Windsor–Detroit International Freedom Festival
- Detroit International Jazz Festival
- Detroit Paradise Valley Music Festival
- March for Babies
- Mega March for Animals
- Motor City Pride
- Rib's R-n-B Jazz Fest
- Rock n Roll Festival
Surroundings
Hart Plaza is surrounded by many important areas and buildings of the
Visitors to Hart Plaza can see across the river to
Layout
The park is 8
The plaza's main entrance is located at the foot of Woodward Avenue, south of the
Memorials and sculptures
Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac Statue
Antoine Laumet de La Mothe, sieur de Cadillac — the founder of Detroit — is shown in this sculpture depicting the moment he arrived at that spot in 1701.[15] The sculpture was a gift to the City of Detroit from the French-American Chamber of Commerce, Michigan Chapter and was unveiled on the city's 300th birthday — July 24, 2001.[4] The bronze statue was designed by William Kieffer and Ann Feeley in 2001.[16]
Gateway to Freedom International Memorial to the Underground Railroad
Located on the riverfront of Hart Plaza, the Gateway to Freedom International Memorial to the Underground Railroad commemorates Detroit's role in the
Until Emancipation, Detroit and the Detroit River community served as the gateway to freedom for thousands of African American people escaping enslavement. Detroit was one of the largest terminals of the
freedom seekers, but Canada became a safer sanctuary after slavery was abolished there in 1834. With passage of the Fugitive Slave Act in 1850, many runaways left their homes in Detroit and crossed the river to Canada to remain free. Some returned after Emancipation in 1863.The successful operation of Detroit's Underground Railroad was due to the effort and cooperation of diverse groups of people, including people of African descent, Whites, and North American Indians. This legacy of freedom is a vital part of Detroit and its history.
-Inscription on Gateway to Freedom International Memorial to the Underground Railroad's plaque[18]
Several routes of the Underground Railroad went through Michigan. Detroit's terminal, whose code name was Midnight, was one of the largest terminals of the Underground Railroad. At first, Michigan was a destination for freedom seekers, and by the mid-1830s, there was a modest population of former slaves living there who aided other former slaves to escape to freedom. However, Canada became a safer sanctuary after slavery was abolished there in 1834. With passage of the Fugitive Slave Act in 1850, many runaways left their homes in Detroit and crossed the river to Canada to remain free. Some returned after Emancipation in 1863. This statue commemorates the route through Detroit. Another crossing point was south of Detroit near where Amherstburg, Ontario is located.[5][14]
The memorial features two gateway pillars that bracket a 10 feet (3.0 m) by 12 feet (3.7 m) sculpture showing six fugitive slaves ready to board a boat to cross to Canada. The gentleman pointing from Detroit to Windsor is George DeBaptist, a Detroit resident who helped slaves to get across the river to freedom. The monument's plaque mentions several Detroit institutions that were active in the Underground Railroad and continue to serve the city's population in the Twenty-first century.[5][19]
In October 2011, for the ten year anniversary of the dedication, the Downtown Development Authority spent $30,000 cleaning the monument and repairing several fixtures and the area around the monument.
Horace E. Dodge and Son Memorial Fountain
Located at the center of Hart Plaza, the Horace E. Dodge and Son Memorial Fountain was designed by Isamu Noguchi in 1978 and built in 1981.[14] Anna Thompson Dodge gave the City of Detroit $1 million towards the construction of a fountain in memory of her late husband and son. The stainless steel fountain is composed of two legs topped by a ring to the height of 30 feet above a circular, black granite pool. The fountain contains 300 jets and 300 lights and has intricate and computerized lighting and nozzle functions, which can create different configurations, dependent on temperature.[17]
The Dodge fountain was inoperable from January 2013 to late August 2013 after vandals did more than $1 million worth of damage to Hart Plaza, $400,000 of which was done to the fountain itself.[24][25]
Pylon
Pylon is a stainless steel spire sculpture designed by Isamu Noguchi positioned near the entrance to Hart Plaza. The sculpture, which stands 120 feet (37 m) tall with a 7 square feet (0.65 m2) base, is a double helix that appears to make a quarter turn between the bottom and the top.[14] The design for the pylon was inspired by the double helix of DNA.[26]
The name of the sculpture, Pylon, often refers to Egyptian gateway structures that resembled a truncated pyramid. These structures were commonly built in significant locations by Egyptian architects. The word came into the western European languages and was used to describe a tall tower, such as those used to support elevated wires.[27]
The sculpture was commissioned via
Transcending
Transcending is an arch sculpture and the Michigan Labor Legacy Landmark. It is located west of the entrance to Hart Plaza near the intersection of Woodward Avenue and Jefferson Avenue and was dedicated on August 30, 2003.[6]
In 2000, the Michigan Labor History Society established a project to create a monument that would celebrate Michigan's contributions to the labor movement. Funding was obtained from the
At the base there are fourteen Vermont granite boulders, each 6 feet (1.8 m) in height. The bas reliefs on the boulders are the work of Sergio de Guisti. They are meant to symbolize the sacrifices and achievements of American workers. There are also more than a dozen plaques commemorating the accomplishments of the American labor movement such as the prohibition of child labor, free public school education and employer paid pensions and health care.
The monument stands close to where Martin Luther King Jr. first gave his "I Have a Dream" speech on June 20, 1963, a speech that was repeated later that year at the Lincoln Memorial during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. One of Dr. King's phrases - "The arc of history bends toward justice" - is included in the sculpture.
A few lines of Melba Boyd's poem, "We Want Our City Back" is also inscribed on the sculpture.[29]
References
- ^ Detroit Wayne County Port Authority Breaks Ground on $11.25 Million Public Dock and Terminal.(June 21, 2004).PRNewswire. Retrieved on January 20, 2008.
- ^ ISBN 0-8143-3120-3.
- ISBN 0-8143-2870-9.)
Riverfront Philip A. Hart Plaza completed near intersection of Jefferson and Woodward; includes open-air amphitheater; space for festivals; ice skating rinks; Isamu Noguchi's Dodge Fountain.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ a b "The Official Birthday Will Include a Re-Enactment of Cadillac's Landing, An Unveiling of a Statue of Cadillac and 13 Detroit Historic Church Bells Ringing in Concert" (Press release). PRNewswire. July 24, 2001. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
- ^ a b c d "Statuary and Memorial Commemorating Detroit's Role in the Underground Railroad". Detroit1701.org. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
- ^ a b c "Transcending — The Michigan Labor Legacy Landmark". Detroit1701.org. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
- Detroit Historical Society. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
- ^ "Hart Plaza — Recreation Department". City of Detroit. Archived from the original on August 3, 2013. Retrieved August 2, 2013.
- ^ a b "Hart Plaza". cobo2.awecomm.com. Cobo Hall. Archived from the original on June 10, 2009. Retrieved August 2, 2013.
- ^ a b c d "Hart Plaza Event Usage Guide" (PDF). Detroit.gov. City of Detroit. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
- ^ Kirby, Alexandra. "The Little-Known Public Spaces of Isamu Noguchi: Detroit's Hart Plaza". docomomo-us.org. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
- ^ "Labor's Legacy: A landmark for Detroit" (PDF). mlhs.wayne.edu/. Michigan Labor History Society. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
- ISBN 1-57145-689-9
- ^ a b c d e f "Philip A. Hart Plaza / Pylon — Detroit, Michigan". Smithsonian Art Inventory Sculptures. Waymarking. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
- ^ "Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac Statue". Detroit1701.org. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
- ^ "City Guide 2009 - Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac". Hour Detroit. Hour Media, Inc. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
- ^ a b "Hart Plaza Landmarks". The Detroit RiverFront Conservancy. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
- ^ a b "Repairs Completed To Underground Railroad Monument". WWJ-TV. Associated Press. October 24, 2011. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
- ^ "International Underground Railroad Memorial, Detroit, MI & Windsor, Canada". Ed Dwight Studios, Inc. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
- ^ Samuels, Karen Hudson (2011). "Detroit Honors Sculptor of Historic Memorials at 10th Anniversary". Tell Us Detroit. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
- ^ "Text of H.Res. 434 (112th Congress)". GovTrack.us. Civic Impulse, LLC. October 13, 2011. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
- ^ "Actions — H.Res.434 - 112th Congress (2011–2012)". Congress.gov. Library of Congress. 25 October 2011. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
- ^ "Underground Railroad (UGRR) Conference". University of Detroit Mercy. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
- ^ Meyer, Zlati & Ames, Annabel (July 10, 2013). "No summer fun! Fountains at RenCen and Hart Plaza shut off". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
- ^ Beshouri, Paul (August 23, 2013). "Dodge Fountain in Hart Plaza Fixed, 8-Month Drought Over". Curbed Detroit. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
- ^ "The Pylon". EMPORIS. Archived from the original on July 28, 2014. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
- ^ "Phylon". Detroit1701.org. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
- ^ "Philip A. Hart Plaza / Transcending — Detroit, Michigan". Smithsonian Art Inventory Sculptures. Waymarking. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
- ^ Melba J. Boyd - Distinguished Professor & Chair Archived 2015-05-05 at the Wayback Machine. Wayne State University. Retrieved May 6, 2015.