Havana on the Hudson
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Havana on the Hudson is a nickname for the northern part of Hudson County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.[1] The name is derived from the Cuban capital Havana and from northern Hudson County's geographic proximity to the Hudson River.
During the latter half of the 20th century,
History
Prior to the
Immigration
First wave
In the second half of the 20th century, several hundred thousand Cubans of all social classes have
The convenience to New York, economic potential, family connections, the possibility of home ownership, and a chance to replant a tight-knit community may have been the initial attraction for
By 2006, Hudson County was the nucleus of the state's Cuban community, which numbered 100,000 people.[22]
Freedom Flights
Following the
Immigration liberalization
Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 changed long-held immigration policies saw new immigration from non-European nations which changed the ethnic make-up of the United States.[24] Immigration doubled between 1965 and 1970, and doubled again between 1970 and 1990. The most dramatic effect was to shift immigration from Europe to Asia and Central and South America. James Hughes, a professor of urban planning at Rutgers University, was quoted in The New York Times as saying that changes made to immigration laws in 1964 were responsible for much of the influx of Hispanic immigrants to the county.[25]
Marielitos
The Mariel boatlift was a mass exodus of Cubans who departed from Cuba's Mariel Harbor for the United States between April 15 and October 31, 1980. Some of these refugees, who had departed on makeshift boats and rafts recovered by the Coast Guard eventually made it to North Hudson.[26] On September 9, 1994, the U.S. and Cuban governments agreed to a Quota system in which the American government would grant at least 20,000 visas annually in exchange for Cuba's pledge to prevent further unlawful departures by rafters.[27]
Political affiliation
Anti-Castro sentiment
During the 1970s and 1980s,
Although Cuban Americans are not the largest Hispanic or Latino political group in New Jersey, they are considered the most politically successful, owing to their loyalty in elections, and the way in which they pay close attention to matters pertaining to Cuba–United States relations, such as the Wet feet, dry feet policy, or the Elián González custody dispute in 2000, a phenomenon that has been attributed to a greater cohesion among members of political migrations compared to economic ones. Whereas Cuban Floridians tend to vote for Republican candidates, those in New Jersey mostly vote Democrat, which makes them an influential voting block in the Garden State. Among the most prominent of these immigrants was Bob Menendez, who got his early start in politics through Union City Mayor William Musto. After Menendez turned on Musto, who was convicted for corruption,[22] Menendez became mayor himself,[32] casting himself as progressive on social issues with a hard-line stances on matters related to Castro that rivaled those of Republicans.[22]
The
The
Changing policy and attitudes
Support for the United States embargo against Cuba (aka el bloqueo, or "the blockade") was a stance held for many years, particularly exiles, and less so by their children. There still remains resistance to normalization of relations with or support of the Cuban government. At the 2009 opening of the Union City High School, a band that had played in a peace concert in Havana was scratched from the program.[39] and rallies against it are still organized.[40][41] At the same time, while Hispanics have become the largest minority in the United States, often they do not present a solid front. Younger generations can often hold differing opinions than their earlier immigrant counterparts.[3]
Cultural impact
Public office
To vote and hold
- Marlene Caride[citation needed]
- Zulima Farber, judge[citation needed]
- Rudy Garcia
- 32nd legislative district[citation needed]
- 33rd legislative district[citation needed]
- Eliu Rivera, Freeholder[45]
- Caridad Rodriguez, State Assemblywoman 33rd Legislative District[46]
- Felix Roque, Mayor of West New York[citation needed]
- Esther Salas, federal district judge for the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey[citation needed]
- Albio Sires, Member of the United States House of Representatives 8th congressional district[citation needed]
- Anthony R. Suarez, served as Mayor of Ridgefield, New Jersey[47]
- Silverio Vega, Mayor of West New York. Formerly State Assemblyman 33rd legislative district[48]
Streetscape
The Latino presence along the Hudson is most visible and palpably felt along
The area offers a variety of
Annual events
The Cuban Day Parade of New Jersey, since its inception at the millennium, has run south along
The longest running passion play in the United States has been performed at Union City's
Media
El Especial and
The
Arts and education
North Hudson is sometimes called NoHu in the visual arts community.[85] Among those visual and performing artists and producers with a Latino background originating or living in the region are:
- Bobby Cannavale (born 1971), actor known for his roles on Ally McBeal, Third Watch, and Will & Grace.[86]
- Joey Diaz, comedian and actor[87]
- Henry Escalante, Making Menudo.[89]
- Lucio Fernandez, Union City Commissioner of Public Affairs, who is also an author,[54] artist, actor, singer, and dancer[90]
- Ada Ferrer (1963), historian, writer, professor[91]
- Melissa Fumero, actress[92]
- DJ and music producer[93]
- Luis Moro (born 1964), actor, filmmaker, writer, best known for his history making-film Love and Suicide, which made him the first American to break the embargo on Cuba to film a feature there.[94]
- Oscar Nunez, screenwriter/actor[95]
- Carol-Lynn Parente, executive producer of Sesame Street[96]
- Franck de Las Mercedes, folklore artist[97]
- Caitlin Sanchez, actress[98]
See also
- Cuban Americans
- Hispanics and Latinos in New Jersey
- Alvaro de Molina
- Ironbound, a Portuguese and Brazilian enclave in Newark across the Passaic Riverfrom Harrison and Kearny
- Little Havana, Miami, Florida, Havana on the Hudson's sister city[99]
- India Square, an Indian enclave in Jersey City
- Five Corners, a Filipino shopping district in Jersey City
- La Ventiuno, Paterson
- Little Lima
- Koreatown, Palisades Park, a Korean enclave in southeast Bergen County
- Gold Coast (New Jersey)
- Gateway Region, a name for northeastern New Jersey
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- ^ Rosero, Jessica; "Death of a legend: North Hudson's Cuban Godfather dead at 77"; Union City Reporter; August 12, 2007; Pages 3 & 6.
- ^ McFadden, Robert D. (November 26, 1979), "Cuban Refugee Leader Slain in Union City", The New York Times, p. B-2
- ^ "An Army in Exile Cuban Terrorists Four Miles from Manhattan". New York. September 10, 1979. Archived from the original on January 12, 2023. Retrieved January 12, 2023 – via Google Books.
- ^ Wherwein, Peter (May 14, 1984). "Alliance sweeps to power", Hudson Dispatch. pp. 1, 14.
- ^ a b Gray, Jerry (February 23, 1991). "Hudson County a Harbinger of a New Hispanic Influence". The New York Times. Retrieved June 6, 2010.
- ^ Bishin, Benjamin G. (2004). "Tyranny of the Minority: The Subconstituency Politics Theory of Representation" (PDF). Latin American Work Group. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 27, 2009. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
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- ^ Gettleman, Jeffrey (March 1, 2006). "William Musto, 88, a Mayor Re-elected on His Way to Jail". The New York Times. Retrieved April 4, 2010.
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- ^ a b Ferretti, Fred (December 30, 1981). "New York, New Year, Old Delights". The New York Times: C1.
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Distributed free in four New York boroughs, six New Jersey counties and in Miami, the Union City, N.J.-based paper boasts a circulation of 320,000 and readership of 1.3 million, according to a Certified Audit of Circulations.
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External links
- Miami Herald-50 Years
- City data: US cities with highest percentage of persons born in Cuban
- Lebiednik, Dan (2013). "Havana on the Hudson Where have Union City's Cubans gone?". Shoe Leather Magazine. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved November 24, 2013.
- Mixed reaction from Cuban-Americans in North Jersey on improving relations with Cuba
- Obama's Cuba Announcement Continues to Send Ripples Through New Jersey
- Why N.J. Cuban-Americans Menendez & Sires detest Obama's Cuba policy